Mth501 subjective for mid term

Latest spring 2013

By
~“Librainsmine”~

1 0 0 
E   0 5 0 
 0 0 1 

Q1. Applying certain elementary row operation to the elementary matrix

I3  3
to produce an identity matrix . [2 marks]
Solution:
Multiply R2 by 1/5

1 0 0 
E  0 1 0 
0 0 1 
I
We get the identity matrix 3  3

Q2. Why is it NOT possible to solve the following system of linear equations applying the
Cramer’rule? [2 marks]

3 x1  2 x 2  10
9 x1  6 x 2  30
Solution:
 3 2  x  10 
let A=   , x   1  ,b   
9 6   x2  30
3 2
det  A     18  18  0
9 6 
det  A  0
since it is an singular matric and its determinant is zero.
we need determinant of A [Link] applying crammers rule

‘
1 2 3
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Q3. Determine whether or not the inverse of the matrix exists? Justify
your answer with appropriate reason. [3 marks]
Solution:
1 2 3
A2 4 6
1 0 0
A  1(0  0)  2(0  6)  3(0  4)
A  1(0)  2(6)  3(4)
A  0  (12)  12
A 0

As the determinant of the given matrix is zero its mean it is a singular matrix the inverse of the singular
matrix does not exist.

3 2 1
A   2 1 2 
 0 2 0 
det( A )
Q4. Compute by using a cofactor expansion across the third row, where .

[3 marks]

Solution:
Using cofactor expansion along the first column:
3 2 1
11 2 1 2 1 3 1 31 3 2
2 1 2   0  1   2  1   0  1
1 2 2 2 2 1
0 2 0
now if we compare it with the formula
det A=  0  C31   2  C32   0  C33
2 1 2 1 3 1 31 3 2
=  0  1   2  1   0  1
11

1 2 2 2 2 1
3 1
=0+  2  1
3
0
2 2
=0+ {-2(6-2)}+0
=0-2  4  +0
= -8

1 2 1  1 2 3 1
A   3 4 0  B   4 5 6 1
0 0 2   0 0 0 1

Q5. Compute AB using block multiplication, where a .

[5 marks]

Solution:
Let
 1 2 1  1 2 3 1
A A12   4 5 6 1   B11 B12 
A   3 4 0    11 
A22   B B22 
, B 
0 0 2   21  0 0 0 1  21
A

let
1 2 1 
A11    , A12   , A21   0 0 , A22   2 
3 4 0
1 2 3 1
B11    , B12    , B21   0 0 0 , B22  1
4 5 6 1
now
A A12   B11 B12   A11 B11  A12 B21 A11 B12  A12 B22 
AB   11   
 A21 A22   B21 B22   A21 B11  A22 B21 A21 B12  A22 B22 
the number of colums of A equals numbers of rows of B
so we can performed multiplication operation:
1 2  1 2 3  1   9 12 15 
A11 B11  A12 B21          0 0 0   
3 4   4 5 6   0  19 26 33
1 2  1 1  4
A11 B12  A12 B22         1   
3 4  1  0  7 
1 2 3
A21 B11  A22 B21   0 0     2 0 0 0   0 0 0 
4 5 6
1
A21 B12  A22 B22   0 0     21   2
1
 9 12 15 4 
A B  A B A11 B12  A12 B22  
AB   11 11 12 21   19 26 33 7 
 A21 B11  A22 B21 A21 B12  A22 B22   
 0 0 0 2 

V  R3 W 3
Q6. Consider the vector space and the set consists of all vectors in R whose entries

are equal : that is ,

 W  {( a , b , c) : a  b  c}

W 3
Show that is a subspace of R . [5 marks]

Solution:
3
To check if W is the subspace of R ,we 1st check that axiom 1 and 6 of a vector space holds.

Let

u   a1 , b1 , c1  and v=  a2 , b2 , c2  be vectors in W then

u+v=  a1 , b1 , c1    a2 , b2 , c2  =  a1  a2 , b1  b2 , c1  c2  is in W
s
and also if k ia any scalar and u=  a1 , b1 , c1  in any vector W,then ku=k  a1 , b1 , c1 
Hence W is a subspace.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2013
(MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 3)

Q1: If A = B, then determine the values of x and y; where

 1 y  2
A 
x  2 3 
and
1 2
B  
 4 3

Solution:

As we know that matrix A=B

its mean that the every entry in A = to the coresponding entry in B
so its clearly seen that value of
x+2=4 .....x=4/-2=x=-2
y+2=2......y=-1

Q2: Determine which of the following condition(s) hold(s) for a vector space V over R.
Justify your answer with appropriate reason.
 
a ) x  y | x V , y V V 
b ) x  y | x V , y V  V xV

c )  x | x V ,   R   RxV

Solution:

(b) and (c) both are truefor vector space V over a field R is a set V equipped with an operation
called (vector) addition, which takes vectors u and v and produces another vector .

There is also an operation called scalar multiplication, which takes an element and a vector and
produces a vector .

Q3: Determine whether or not the solution of the following system of linear equations is
possible using inversion algorithm? Justify your answer with appropriate reason.

2x 1  4x 2  3x 3  3
4x 1  8x 2  6x 3  4
6x 1  12x 2  9x 3  4

Solution:

let
 2 4 3  x1  3
A   4 8 6  , x   x2  , b   4 
 6 12 9   x3   4 
det( A)  2  72  72   4  36  36   3  48  48 
det( A)  2  0   4  0   3  0 
det( A)  0
sin ce matrix A is non invertible matrix so we can not apply inversion algorithm here.

Q4: Find a Matrix A such that W=ColA

  2b  2c  
  
 a  b  2c  
W  ; a , b , c are real 
  4a  b  
  3a  b  c  
Solution:

1st we write as a set of linear combinations:

0 2 2 0  2   2  
1  1  2        
      1   1   2 
w={a b  c   : a, b, c in R}=span  , , 
4 1 0  4  1   0  
        3  1  1 
3  1  1  
let
0 2 2 
1 1 2 
A 
4 1 0 
 
 3 1 1

Q5: Find an LU – decomposition of the Matrix

2 3
A  
 5 7

Solution:

2 3 * 0 
A  * * 
5 7   
 3
 1 1 2 0
 2  multipler  * *
  2  
5 7 
 3 
 1
 2  multipler  5 2 0
 5 *
0  1   
 2 
 3
 1 2 0
 2  multipler  2 5 1
   
0 1 

Q6: Consider the vector space V=R2 and the set W consists of all points in R2 such that,
W={(a,b) : a,b ≥ 0}Show that W is not a subspace of R2.
Solution:

This is not subspace because it is not enclosed under scalar multiplication. So ,Vector space
V=R2 where R2 not passing through origin is not a subspace of R2.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2013
MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 2)

1 3 2 4 2 1 
2 4 
1 3 1 3 
Q1. If A   and B    then partition B in such a way that the multiplication
5 3 2 4 3 6 
   
9 8 6 5 4 5 
can be possible?

Solution:

No as matrix A has 6 partitions it will only able to multiply with matrix B if ad only if:
No of columns of A =no of rows of B

Q2. File the determinant and tell that the given matrix is singular or no singular

1 2 3 
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Solution:

Det (A)=1(0-0)-2(0-6)+3(0-4)

Det (A)=1+12-12

Det (A)=1 it is non singular matrix

Q3. Determine whether the inverse in possible or not of the give matrix and justify your answer
 1 2 3 
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Solution:

As

Det (A)=1(0-0)-2(0-6)+3(0-4)

Det (A)=1+12-12

Det (A)=1 it is non singular matrix

Determinant of the matrix is non singular so its inverse is possible.

2 3 
Q4. Apply Cramer’s rule and find the inverse of A   
 1 5

Solution:
  7 5
 4 5 
Q5. If A    and B   2 2  then show that B is multiplicative of A?
6 6   
 3  2
Solution:

 7 5
4 5 
AB    2 2
 6 6  3 
  2
 47 
5 0
1 0 
AB   
 48   0 1 
3
 5 

As AB is not equal to I so ,A is not multiplicative identity of B

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
(MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 3)
3
Q1. Find vector and parametric equation of the plane that passes through the origin of R
and is parallel to the vectors V1= (1, 2, 5) and V2 = (5, 0, 4).

Solution:
As vector equation of the plane passing through origin is x =t 1 v 1+ t 2 v 2
Let x = (x, y, z) then this equation can be expressed in component form as
(x, y, z) = t 1 (1, 2, 5) + t 2 (5,0,4)
This is the vector equation of the plane.

Equating corresponding components, we get

x=t1 +5t2 , y=2t1 , z=5t1 +4t2
These are the parametric equations of the plane.

Q2. Which of the following is true? If V is a vector space over the field F.(justify your
answer)
 x+y
a) {  V,y  V}=V
x
x+y
b) {  V,y  V}=VxV
x
V
c) {  V, F}FxV
V

Solution:
(b) and (c) both are correct vector space V over a field F is a set V equipped with an
operation called (vector) addition, which takes vectors u and v and produces another
vector .
There is also an operation called scalar multiplication, which takes an element and a
vector and produces a vector .

let
1  2  h
   
v1   0  , v2   1  and y=  3
Q3.
 2   7   5
for what value  s  of h is y in the plane is generated by
v1and v 2 ?
Solution:
we can write in matrix form as
 1 2 h 
 0 1 3
 
 2 7 5
1 2 h 
 R3 ' 0
2 R1  R3  1 3 
0 3 2h  5
1 0 h6 
 R1 ' 0
2 R2  R1  1 3 
0 3 2h  5
1 0 h  6 
3R2  R3   R3 ' 0 1 3 
0 0 2h  4 
for h=2
y is in the plane generated.
[Link] A and b ,write the augmented matrix for the linear system that corresponds to
the matrix equation Ax=b. then solve the system and write the solution as a vector.
 1 2 1 0
 
A   3 1 2  , b   1 
 0 5 3   1
Solution:

we can write the given ab in the matrix equation form Ax=b

 1 2 1   x1   0 
Ax   3 1 2   x2    1   b
 0 5 3   x3   1
or
 1 2 1   x1   0 
 3 1 2   x    1 
  2  
 0 5 3   x3   1

Q9. [Link] the AREA of parallelogram of the vertices (1,2,4)(2,4,-7) and (-1,-3,20). PG#
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