2025 LET REVIEWER

NEW CURRICULUM

GENERAL EDUCATION

Prepared by: LET Drills

AREA:SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Intellectual Competencies:

3.1. Use scientific knowledge to explain natural phenomena and protect Earth’s
resources
3.2. Utilize understanding of science to illustrate how technology has become
beneficial to Mankind.

Note: Composed of 6 sets, 50 items each (Total of 300 Q&As with Answer Keys and
Rationalizations)

SET A:

1. Which of the following best explains the greenhouse effect?

A) A decrease in solar radiation

B) The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

C) The reflection of solar radiation by the Earth's surface

D) Increased vegetation absorbing CO2

2. Which of the following technologies is most effective in reducing carbon

emissions in vehicles?

A) Internal combustion engines

B) Hybrid and electric vehicles

C) Diesel engines

D) Gasoline engines

3. What is the primary purpose of biotechnology in agriculture?

A) To decrease crop yields

B) To increase pesticide usage

C) To develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for improved resistance

D) To eliminate all forms of crop rotation

4. Which of the following renewable energy sources is derived from the sun?
A) Wind energy

B) Solar energy

C) Geothermal energy

D) Hydropower

5. What is the main role of the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere?

A) To provide oxygen for humans

B) To regulate temperature

C) To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation

D) To facilitate weather patterns

6. Which technology has significantly enhanced food security through improved

crop yields?

A) Organic farming

B) Green Revolution techniques

C) Traditional agriculture

D) Foraging methods

7. What scientific principle is used in wind turbines to generate electricity?

A) Newton's laws of motion

B) Electromagnetic induction

C) Kinetic energy conversion

D) Thermodynamics

8. Which of the following is a primary benefit of using electric vehicles (EVs)

over conventional vehicles?

A) Lower purchase cost

B) Increased fuel consumption

C) Reduced air pollution

D) Longer refueling time

9. Which of the following statements about the water cycle is true?

A) Water is created in the water cycle.

B) Water can only evaporate, not condense.

C) The water cycle helps regulate Earth’s climate.

D) Groundwater does not play a role in the water cycle.

10. Which technology helps monitor deforestation in real-time?

A) GPS tracking

B) Drones and satellite imagery

C) Manual surveying

D) Weather stations

11. What is the main advantage of using biofuels over fossil fuels?

A) Higher carbon emissions

B) Renewable source of energy

C) Greater energy density

D) Increased dependence on oil

12. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?

A) Decreased frequency of natural disasters

B) Rising sea levels

C) Stabilized weather patterns

D) Reduction in species extinction

13. Which scientific principle explains why recycling materials is beneficial

for the environment?

A) Conservation of energy

B) Conservation of mass

C) Newton's third law

D) Theory of relativity

14. How has the use of precision agriculture impacted farming practices?

A) Increased water waste

B) Decreased crop yields

C) More efficient resource usage

D) Elimination of all pesticides

15. What is the primary role of bacteria in bioremediation?

A) To increase soil erosion

B) To degrade pollutants in the environment

C) To produce harmful chemicals

D) To inhibit plant growth

16. Which technology is primarily responsible for monitoring climate change

data?

A) Traditional weather balloons

B) Climate models and simulations

C) Ocean currents

D) Animal migration patterns

17. What is the primary benefit of nanotechnology in medicine?

A) Decreased efficiency of drugs

B) Improved targeting of therapies

C) Increased side effects

D) Lower accuracy in diagnostics

18. Which of the following is a significant benefit of hydroelectric power?

A) High greenhouse gas emissions

B) Renewable and clean energy source

C) Inability to generate electricity

D) Dependency on fossil fuels

19. How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

A) By increasing soil fertility

B) By reducing carbon dioxide levels

C) By increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

D) By promoting biodiversity

20. Which of the following best describes the role of scientists in the
development of renewable energy technologies?
A) They oppose the use of fossil fuels.

B) They conduct research to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

C) They limit technological advancements.

D) They discourage public awareness.

21. Which of the following is a key benefit of using smart grids in energy
distribution?

A) Increased energy loss during transmission

B) Better energy efficiency and management

C) Higher energy costs

D) Limited use of renewable energy sources

22. Which technology uses living organisms to produce useful products, such as
enzymes and medicines?

A) Artificial intelligence

B) Biotechnology

C) Nanotechnology

D) Quantum computing

23. What is a major environmental concern associated with hydraulic fracturing

(fracking)?

A) Decreased access to natural gas

B) Water contamination

C) Increased biodiversity

D) Enhanced air quality

24. How do solar panels convert sunlight into electricity?

A) By using mirrors to reflect sunlight

B) Through photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electrical energy

C) By storing heat energy for later use

D) Through mechanical turbines

25. What is the purpose of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology?

A) To increase carbon emissions

B) To store carbon dioxide produced from industrial processes underground

C) To eliminate all greenhouse gases

D) To promote fossil fuel usage

26. Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between technology
and environmental conservation?

A) Technology always harms the environment.

B) Technology can be used to monitor and protect natural resources.

C) Technology has no impact on the environment.

D) Technology reduces the need for conservation efforts.

27. Which of the following is a potential application of artificial

intelligence in environmental science?

A) Predicting natural disasters

B) Increasing energy consumption

C) Reducing research efficiency

D) Limiting data analysis

28. What is the main benefit of using vertical farming techniques?

A) Higher land usage

B) Greater water usage

C) Reduced land requirements and increased yield per area

D) Dependency on seasonal crops

29. Which of the following is a direct impact of overfishing on marine

ecosystems?

A) Increased fish populations

B) Biodiversity loss

C) Stabilized marine food webs

D) Improved water quality

30. How does 3D printing technology contribute to environmental sustainability?

A) By increasing waste production

B) By allowing for on-demand production and reducing material waste

C) By relying heavily on fossil fuels

D) By limiting customization options

31. Which scientific discovery led to the development of antibiotics?

A) The law of thermodynamics

B) The theory of evolution

C) Penicillin by Alexander Fleming

D) The discovery of DNA

32. What is the primary function of electric grids in renewable energy systems?

A) To limit energy distribution

B) To facilitate the transfer of electricity from producers to consumers

C) To store fossil fuels

D) To decrease energy accessibility

33. Which technology allows scientists to study climate change by analyzing ice
core samples?

A) Remote sensing

B) Geochronology

C) Cryogenics

D) Radiometric dating

34. Which of the following is a primary cause of ocean acidification?

A) Decreased carbon dioxide levels

B) Increased carbon dioxide absorption by the oceans

C) Lowering sea levels

D) Reduced marine biodiversity

35. What role do wetlands play in environmental conservation?

A) They increase erosion rates.

B) They act as natural water filters and carbon sinks.

C) They provide no ecological benefits.

D) They promote urban development.

36. Which of the following is a significant concern regarding the use of
nanomaterials in consumer products?

A) They are more expensive.

B) They may pose unknown health and environmental risks.

C) They reduce product effectiveness.

D) They are less durable than traditional materials.

37. What is the main advantage of using geothermal energy?

A) It is an intermittent energy source.

B) It generates significant greenhouse gas emissions.

C) It is a reliable and renewable energy source.

D) It requires extensive land use.

38. Which of the following practices is most effective in reducing soil

erosion?

A) Deforestation

B) Cover cropping

C) Monoculture farming

D) Urbanization

39. What is the main function of an electric car battery?

A) To store energy for propulsion

B) To increase fuel consumption

C) To reduce engine efficiency

D) To enhance vehicle weight

40. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of urban green spaces?

A) Increased air pollution

B) Higher temperatures in urban areas

C) Enhanced biodiversity and improved air quality

D) Decreased access to public spaces

41. Which technology uses satellite data to improve disaster response efforts?

A) Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

B) Traditional mapping

C) Manual surveying

D) Weather forecasting

42. How can sustainable forestry practices help combat climate change?

A) By increasing carbon emissions

B) By promoting deforestation

C) By maintaining healthy forests that absorb carbon dioxide

D) By decreasing biodiversity

43. What is the primary purpose of the Clean Air Act in the United States?

A) To promote industrial growth

B) To regulate air emissions and protect air quality

C) To eliminate all energy sources

D) To increase vehicle emissions

44. Which technology allows scientists to visualize the impacts of climate

change on ecosystems?

A) Traditional ecological surveys

B) Remote sensing and satellite imagery

C) Manual observations

D) Historical data analysis

45. How does renewable energy contribute to energy security?

A) By relying on imported fossil fuels

B) By diversifying energy sources and reducing dependence on nonrenewable

resources

C) By increasing carbon emissions

D) By limiting energy production options

46. What is the main goal of conservation biology?

A) To promote extinction of species

B) To preserve biodiversity and protect ecosystems

C) To increase habitat destruction

D) To develop new species

47. Which of the following is an advantage of electric vehicles in urban areas?

A) Higher noise pollution

B) Reduced air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions

C) Increased fossil fuel consumption

D) Limited availability of charging stations

48. What is the function of a biofilter in environmental technology?

A) To increase chemical pollution

B) To remove pollutants from air or water using living organisms

C) To enhance energy consumption

D) To promote deforestation

49. Which of the following practices can help mitigate the effects of climate
change?

A) Increasing reliance on fossil fuels

B) Promoting reforestation and afforestation

C) Expanding urban sprawl

D) Reducing renewable energy investments

50. What is the primary benefit of electric public transportation systems?

A) Increased traffic congestion

B) Reduced energy efficiency

C) Lower greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality

D) Greater reliance on fossil fuels

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. B: The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases trapping heat in

the atmosphere, which helps regulate Earth's temperature.
2. B: Hybrid and electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions compared to
traditional vehicles.
3. C: Biotechnology in agriculture involves creating GMOs to increase
resistance to pests and diseases, improving yields.
4. B: Solar energy is a renewable source derived from sunlight.
5. C: The ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation, protecting living
organisms.
6. B: The Green Revolution introduced high-yield crops and modern
agricultural techniques, significantly improving food security.
7. B: Wind turbines generate electricity through electromagnetic induction
as they convert kinetic energy from wind.
8. C: EVs significantly reduce air pollution compared to conventional
vehicles.
9. C: The water cycle plays a vital role in regulating Earth's climate by
redistributing water and heat.
10.B: Drones and satellite imagery allow for real-time monitoring of
deforestation, aiding conservation efforts.
11.B: Biofuels are renewable and can reduce reliance on fossil fuels
compared to traditional fuel sources.
12.B: Climate change leads to rising sea levels due to melting ice caps and
thermal expansion of water.
13.B: Recycling illustrates the conservation of mass, reducing waste and
resource depletion.
14.C: Precision agriculture optimizes resource use (water, fertilizers) and
increases crop yields.
15.B: Bacteria in bioremediation break down and degrade environmental
pollutants.
16.B: Climate models and simulations provide critical data for understanding
climate change.
17.B: Nanotechnology allows for targeted drug delivery and improved
therapeutic effectiveness.
18.B: Hydroelectric power is a clean, renewable energy source with minimal
emissions.
19.C: Deforestation increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing
to climate change.
20.B: Scientists research to develop more efficient renewable energy
technologies.
21.B: Smart grids enhance energy efficiency by managing supply and demand
more effectively.
22.B: Biotechnology utilizes living organisms for production in various
fields, including medicine.
23.B: Hydraulic fracturing poses risks of contaminating water supplies.
24.B: Solar panels use photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into
electricity.
25.B: CCS technology captures CO2 emissions for underground storage,
mitigating climate impact.
26.B: Technology can assist in monitoring resources and conserving the
environment.
27.A: AI can analyze data to predict natural disasters and improve disaster
response.
28.C: Vertical farming uses space efficiently and can yield more crops in
smaller areas.
29.B: Overfishing disrupts marine ecosystems, leading to a loss of
biodiversity.
30.B: 3D printing reduces waste by allowing for on-demand production.
31.C: Penicillin’s discovery led to the development of antibiotics,
 revolutionizing medicine.
32.B: Electric grids distribute electricity from renewable sources to
consumers.
33.B: Geochronology helps scientists understand climate change through
historical data.
34.B: Increased CO2 absorption leads to ocean acidification, harming marine
life.
35.B: Wetlands filter pollutants and store carbon, benefiting ecosystems.
36.B: Nanomaterials may pose health risks that are not yet fully understood.
37.C: Geothermal energy is a consistent and renewable energy source.
38.B: Cover cropping is effective in preventing soil erosion.
39.A: Electric car batteries store energy to power the vehicle.
40.C: Urban green spaces promote biodiversity and improve air quality.
41.A: GIS technology utilizes satellite data for effective disaster response
planning.
42.C: Sustainable forestry practices maintain healthy forests that sequester
carbon.
43.B: The Clean Air Act aims to regulate air quality and protect public
health.
44.B: Remote sensing provides data for visualizing climate impacts on
ecosystems.
45.B: Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels, enhancing energy
security.
46.B: Conservation biology focuses on preserving biodiversity and
ecosystems.
47.B: Electric vehicles decrease air pollutants, especially in urban
settings.
48.B: Biofilters use organisms to cleanse air and water of pollutants.

49.B: Reforestation mitigates climate change effects by absorbing CO2.

50.C: Electric public transportation lowers emissions, improving air
quality.

SET B:

1. Which of the following technologies can help improve energy efficiency in

buildings?

A) Traditional heating systems

B) Smart thermostats and energy management systems

C) Single-pane windows

D) Incandescent light bulbs

2. What is the primary function of a carbon offset?

A) To eliminate the need for renewable energy

B) To compensate for emissions by funding equivalent carbon dioxide savings
elsewhere

C) To increase carbon emissions

D) To promote fossil fuel usage

3. Which of the following is a potential benefit of aquaculture?

A) Increased overfishing in wild populations

B) Enhanced food security through sustainable fish farming

C) Higher levels of pollution in aquatic ecosystems

D) Decreased biodiversity in oceans

4. How do LED lights contribute to energy conservation?

A) By consuming more energy than incandescent bulbs

B) By producing light less efficiently than traditional bulbs

C) By having a longer lifespan and using less energy

D) By emitting more heat than incandescent bulbs

5. Which of the following best describes a sustainable city?

A) A city that relies solely on fossil fuels for energy

B) A city that promotes environmental conservation and efficient resource use

C) A city with high levels of pollution and waste

D) A city that discourages public transportation

6. Which scientific principle explains the operation of a solar thermal power

plant?

A) The laws of thermodynamics

B) Electromagnetic induction

C) The conservation of momentum

D) Quantum mechanics

7. What is the main goal of the Paris Agreement?

A) To increase global greenhouse gas emissions

B) To promote the use of fossil fuels

C) To limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius

D) To eliminate all forms of renewable energy

8. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

A) Solar energy

B) Wind energy

C) Coal

D) Biomass

9. What is the role of phytoplankton in ocean ecosystems?

A) They deplete oxygen levels in the ocean.

B) They are a primary source of oxygen and form the base of the marine food
web.

C) They are harmful algae blooms that reduce water quality.

D) They have no significant ecological role.

10. Which renewable energy source uses the heat from the Earth’s interior?

A) Solar energy

B) Geothermal energy

C) Wind energy

D) Biomass

11. Which of the following technologies helps reduce food waste in supply
chains?

A) Traditional food storage methods

B) Blockchain technology for tracking produce

C) Manual inventory checks

D) Increased use of plastic packaging

12. What is the purpose of an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

A) To ignore environmental concerns

B) To evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project

C) To promote urban development without restrictions

D) To enhance the use of non-renewable resources

13. Which of the following statements about renewable energy is true?

A) Renewable energy sources can never be depleted.

B) Renewable energy is only derived from solar power.

C) Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished over time.

D) Renewable energy is more polluting than fossil fuels.

14. How does the use of electric bikes contribute to sustainable

transportation?

A) By increasing traffic congestion

B) By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting physical activity

C) By increasing reliance on gasoline

D) By limiting travel options

15. What is the primary goal of sustainable agriculture?

A) To maximize short-term profits

B) To maintain healthy ecosystems and reduce environmental impact

C) To eliminate all farming practices

D) To promote monoculture farming

16. Which of the following is a key characteristic of circular economy

principles?

A) Linear production and disposal

B) Minimizing waste and promoting reuse and recycling

C) Increasing reliance on single-use products

D) Focusing solely on economic growth

17. Which environmental issue is primarily caused by the excessive use of

fertilizers in agriculture?

A) Deforestation

B) Soil erosion

C) Eutrophication of water bodies

D) Climate change

18. What role do pollinators play in agriculture?

A) They decrease crop yields.

B) They help in the pollination of plants, leading to higher crop yields.

C) They contribute to soil erosion.

D) They are harmful to crop growth.

19. Which of the following technologies is used for converting waste materials
into energy?

A) Gasification

B) Photovoltaic cells

C) Hydropower turbines

D) Solar thermal collectors

20. How does urbanization affect local biodiversity?

A) It increases biodiversity.

B) It often leads to habitat loss and decreased biodiversity.

C) It has no impact on biodiversity.

D) It promotes the growth of all species.

21. Which of the following is a benefit of using sustainable building

materials?

A) Higher emissions of greenhouse gases

B) Improved indoor air quality and energy efficiency

C) Increased use of non-renewable resources

D) Shorter lifespan of buildings

22. What is the primary function of a smart thermostat?

A) To maintain constant temperature regardless of usage

B) To optimize energy use based on occupancy and preferences

C) To increase energy consumption

D) To control only heating systems

23. Which of the following is a benefit of using biodegradable plastics?

A) Increased pollution in landfills

B) Reduced environmental impact compared to traditional plastics

C) Higher production costs without benefits

D) Decreased efficiency in packaging

24. What is the significance of carbon sinks in the context of climate change?

A) They increase carbon dioxide emissions.

B) They absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping mitigate climate
change.

C) They have no effect on greenhouse gas levels.

D) They are primarily human-made structures.

25. How does the adoption of electric vehicles impact oil consumption?

A) It increases oil consumption.

B) It decreases reliance on oil and fossil fuels.

C) It has no impact on oil consumption.

D) It promotes higher gasoline use.

26. Which of the following best describes sustainable forestry practices?

A) Clear-cutting forests for quick profit

B) Managing forests to meet current needs without compromising future

generations

C) Promoting deforestation for agriculture

D) Ignoring the ecological impacts of logging

27. What is the main environmental concern related to plastic pollution in

oceans?

A) Decreased fish populations

B) Increased oxygen levels in water

C) Harm to marine life and ecosystems

D) Improved water quality

28. Which renewable energy source is derived from organic materials?

A) Wind energy

B) Biomass

C) Hydropower

D) Geothermal energy
29. How does artificial intelligence (AI) contribute to environmental
monitoring?

A) By simplifying data analysis and pattern recognition

B) By increasing human labor requirements

C) By reducing data collection accuracy

D) By promoting non-renewable resource usage

30. What is the purpose of using cover crops in agriculture?

A) To increase soil erosion

B) To enhance soil fertility and prevent erosion

C) To eliminate weed competition

D) To reduce biodiversity

31. Which of the following statements about e-waste is true?

A) It has no environmental impact.

B) It can release toxic substances if not disposed of properly.

C) It is easily recyclable without any challenges.

D) It only affects urban areas.

32. What role do wetlands play in climate change mitigation?

A) They have no role in climate change.

B) They act as carbon sinks and help regulate temperature.

C) They increase greenhouse gas emissions.

D) They promote habitat destruction.

33. Which technology helps in the assessment of air quality?

A) Weather stations

B) Air quality monitoring sensors

C) Traditional barometers

D) Satellite navigation systems

34. How does organic farming differ from conventional farming?

A) Organic farming uses synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

B) Organic farming emphasizes sustainability and avoids synthetic chemicals.

C) Conventional farming is more sustainable than organic.

D) Organic farming produces lower yields without benefits.

35. Which of the following best describes energy-efficient appliances?

A) They consume more energy than standard appliances.

B) They reduce energy consumption and save costs over time.

C) They are less effective in performing their functions.

D) They increase greenhouse gas emissions.

36. What is the main environmental benefit of wind energy?

A) It increases air pollution.

B) It produces renewable energy with minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

C) It requires extensive land use for fossil fuel extraction.

D) It depends on fossil fuel energy for operation.

37. How does recycling contribute to resource conservation?

A) It increases the consumption of raw materials.

B) It helps conserve energy and reduce waste.

C) It has no impact on resource consumption.

D) It promotes landfills and waste disposal.

38. Which of the following is a characteristic of sustainable development?

A) Prioritizing short-term economic growth over long-term sustainability

B) Balancing economic, social, and environmental goals

C) Depleting natural resources without consideration

D) Focusing only on urban development

39. What is the primary purpose of carbon capture and storage (CCS)?

A) To increase carbon emissions in the atmosphere

B) To capture CO2 from industrial processes and store it underground

C) To promote fossil fuel consumption

D) To eliminate the use of renewable energy sources

40. Which of the following is an example of a sustainable energy practice?

A) Relying solely on coal for energy

B) Installing solar panels on rooftops

C) Increasing reliance on non-renewable resources

D) Ignoring energy conservation measures

41. How can urban agriculture contribute to food security?

A) By reducing access to fresh produce

B) By providing locally grown food in urban areas

C) By increasing food transportation emissions

D) By limiting food production options

42. What is the function of a green roof in urban environments?

A) To increase heat absorption

B) To promote biodiversity and reduce urban heat islands

C) To reduce energy efficiency

D) To limit rainwater absorption

43. Which of the following strategies can help reduce water usage in
agriculture?

A) Flood irrigation

B) Drip irrigation systems

C) Inefficient water management

D) Over-irrigation

44. What is the primary environmental impact of mining?

A) Increased biodiversity

B) Habitat destruction and pollution

C) Enhanced water quality

D) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

45. Which of the following technologies helps in the reduction of carbon

emissions in vehicles?

A) Diesel engines

B) Electric and hybrid vehicles

C) Gasoline-powered vehicles

D) Traditional internal combustion engines

46. What is the role of sensors in smart agriculture?

A) To increase the use of manual labor

B) To monitor crop conditions and optimize resource use

C) To eliminate technology from farming

D) To reduce the efficiency of farming practices

47. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of reforestation?

A) Increased greenhouse gas emissions

B) Improved biodiversity and carbon sequestration

C) Loss of habitat for native species

D) Deforestation of new areas

48. How does climate change affect ocean acidification?

A) It decreases carbon dioxide levels in the ocean.

B) Increased CO2 in the atmosphere leads to more dissolved CO2 in oceans,

causing acidification.

C) It has no effect on ocean chemistry.

D) It promotes coral growth.

49. Which of the following is a key benefit of electric public transport

systems?

A) Increased carbon emissions

B) Reduced traffic congestion and improved air quality

C) Higher fuel consumption

D) Limited access for users

50. What is the primary purpose of sustainable energy policies?

A) To promote non-renewable energy sources

B) To encourage the transition to renewable energy and reduce environmental

impact

C) To increase reliance on fossil fuels

D) To ignore climate change issues

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. B: Smart thermostats optimize heating and cooling based on user habits,

improving energy efficiency.
2. B: Carbon offsets compensate for emissions by funding equivalent carbon
dioxide savings elsewhere.
3. B: Aquaculture can enhance food security by providing a sustainable
source of fish.
4. C: LED lights consume less energy and last longer than traditional
incandescent bulbs.
5. B: A sustainable city promotes environmental conservation and efficient
resource use.
6. A: Solar thermal power plants operate based on the laws of
thermodynamics, using heat energy.
7. C: The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2
degrees Celsius.
8. C: Coal is a non-renewable resource that will eventually deplete.
9. B: Phytoplankton are vital for oxygen production and are at the base of
marine food webs.
10.B: Geothermal energy utilizes heat from the Earth's interior for energy
production.
11.B: Blockchain technology enhances traceability and reduces food waste in
supply chains.
12.B: An environmental impact assessment evaluates potential environmental
effects of a proposed project.
13.C: Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished over time, unlike
fossil fuels.
14.B: Electric bikes reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote physical
activity.
15.B: Sustainable agriculture maintains healthy ecosystems and reduces
environmental impact.
16.B: Circular economy principles focus on minimizing waste and promoting
reuse and recycling.
17.C: Excessive fertilizer use can lead to eutrophication, harming aquatic
ecosystems.
18.B: Pollinators, like bees, significantly enhance crop yields through
pollination.
19.A: Gasification converts waste materials into energy, reducing landfill
waste.
20.B: Urbanization often leads to habitat loss and decreased biodiversity.
21.B: Sustainable building materials improve indoor air quality and energy
efficiency.
22.B: Smart thermostats optimize energy use based on occupancy, reducing
consumption.
23.B: Biodegradable plastics reduce environmental impact compared to
traditional plastics.
24.B: Carbon sinks absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate
climate change.
 25.B: Electric vehicles decrease reliance on oil and fossil fuels.
26.B: Sustainable forestry practices manage forests for current and future
needs.
27.C: Plastic pollution in oceans harms marine life and ecosystems.
28.B: Biomass is derived from organic materials, making it a renewable
energy source.

29.A: AI simplifies data analysis and pattern recognition for environmental

monitoring.
30.B: Cover crops enhance soil fertility and prevent erosion.
31.B: E-waste can release toxic substances if not disposed of properly.
32.B: Wetlands act as carbon sinks and help regulate temperature.
33.B: Air quality monitoring sensors provide real-time data on pollution
levels.
34.B: Organic farming emphasizes sustainability and avoids synthetic
chemicals.
35.B: Energy-efficient appliances reduce consumption and save costs over
time.
36.B: Wind energy is renewable and produces minimal greenhouse gas
emissions.
37.B: Recycling conserves energy and reduces waste and resource consumption.
38.B: Sustainable development balances economic, social, and environmental
goals.
39.B: CCS captures CO2 emissions from industrial processes and stores them
underground.
40.B: Installing solar panels on rooftops promotes sustainable energy
practices.
41.B: Urban agriculture provides locally grown food, enhancing food
security.
42.B: Green roofs promote biodiversity and reduce urban heat islands.
43.B: Drip irrigation systems optimize water usage and minimize waste.
44.B: Mining often leads to habitat destruction and pollution.
45.B: Electric and hybrid vehicles help reduce carbon emissions.
46.B: Sensors in smart agriculture monitor conditions and optimize resource
use.
47.B: Reforestation improves biodiversity and acts as a carbon sink.
48.B: Increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere contribute to ocean
acidification.
49.B: Electric public transport systems reduce emissions and improve air
quality.
50.B: Sustainable energy policies encourage the transition to renewable
energy sources.

SET C:

1. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

A) Methane

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Nitrous oxide

D) Oxygen

2. What is the main factor that differentiates a renewable resource from a

non-renewable resource?

A) Availability in nature

B) Rate of consumption versus rate of replenishment

C) Cost of extraction

D) Geographic distribution

3. Which of the following methods is least effective for improving soil health?

A) Crop rotation

B) Over-fertilization

C) Organic composting

D) Cover cropping

4. How does climate change primarily affect the frequency of extreme weather
events?

A) By eliminating all weather variations

B) By destabilizing existing climate patterns

C) By making weather more predictable

D) By reducing the intensity of natural disasters

5. What is the primary benefit of vertical farming?

A) It requires more land than traditional farming.

B) It decreases crop yield per square foot.

C) It allows for year-round crop production in urban areas.

D) It relies solely on outdoor sunlight.

6. Which of the following statements about genetically modified organisms

(GMOs) is true?

A) They always cause health problems in humans.

B) They are always harmful to the environment.

C) They can potentially increase food security.

D) They are banned in all countries.

7. Which type of energy transformation occurs in a hydroelectric power plant?

A) Chemical to mechanical

B) Kinetic to electrical

C) Thermal to chemical

D) Electrical to thermal

8. What is the main purpose of the ozone layer?

A) To provide oxygen for humans

B) To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun

C) To regulate the Earth's temperature

D) To prevent all weather phenomena

9. Which of the following technologies is used in carbon capture and storage

(CCS)?

A) Direct air capture

B) Solar panels

C) Wind turbines

D) Hydropower dams

10. What is the principle behind biofuels?

A) They are derived from fossil fuels.

B) They can only be produced from algae.

C) They are renewable energy sources made from organic materials.

D) They release more carbon dioxide than they capture.

11. Which of the following best describes "biomimicry"?

A) A method for artificially creating biological systems

B) Designing products based on natural processes and systems

C) The genetic modification of organisms

D) A process of cloning plants

12. What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

A) Excessive oxygen in ocean waters

B) Increased carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere

C) Decrease in marine life

D) Melting polar ice caps

13. Which of the following types of energy is considered clean but has
significant land-use concerns?

A) Solar energy

B) Hydroelectric energy

C) Wind energy

D) Biomass energy

14. What is a significant drawback of using nuclear energy?

A) It produces zero greenhouse gas emissions.

B) It generates large quantities of radioactive waste.

C) It requires no safety protocols.

D) It is widely accepted worldwide.

15. In which of the following scenarios is desalination most likely necessary?

A) In areas with abundant freshwater resources

B) In regions experiencing drought or water scarcity

C) In climates with heavy rainfall

D) In urban areas with a large population

16. Which of the following is a misconception about climate change?

A) Climate change can lead to species extinction.

B) Climate change affects global weather patterns.

C) Climate change is solely caused by natural phenomena.

D) Climate change has long-term impacts on ecosystems.

17. Which method is often used to reduce air pollution in urban areas?

A) Increasing the number of vehicles on the road

B) Implementing congestion pricing and promoting public transportation

C) Banning all forms of transportation

D) Encouraging more fossil fuel use

18. What is the primary goal of using biochar in agriculture?

A) To increase soil acidity

B) To enhance soil fertility and sequester carbon

C) To eliminate the need for fertilizers

D) To promote pesticide use

19. How does deforestation primarily affect global carbon levels?

A) It decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

B) It has no effect on carbon levels.

C) It increases carbon emissions by reducing carbon sinks.

D) It only affects local ecosystems.

20. What is the role of the Earth's mantle in geological processes?

A) It is the outermost layer and does not influence tectonic activity.

B) It is solid and prevents any movement.

C) It is semi-solid and drives plate tectonics through convection currents.

D) It solely comprises liquid rock.

21. Which of the following is the most energy-dense biofuel?

A) Ethanol

B) Biodiesel

C) Methanol

D) Propanol

22. What is the primary mechanism by which solar panels convert sunlight into
electricity?

A) Thermodynamic cycles

B) Photovoltaic effect

C) Nuclear fusion

D) Chemical reactions

23. Which of the following best describes "sustainable development"?

A) Development that only focuses on economic growth

B) Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations

C) Development that ignores environmental concerns

D) Development limited to urban areas

24. What is the main challenge of implementing renewable energy on a large

scale?

A) High operational costs

B) Intermittency and reliability of supply

C) Lack of technology

D) Inadequate demand for energy

25. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource that is

critical for technology production?

A) Lithium

B) Solar energy

C) Wind energy

D) Timber

26. What is the purpose of the greenhouse effect?

A) To cool the Earth

B) To trap heat and maintain the Earth's temperature

C) To absorb harmful radiation

D) To create weather patterns

27. Which technology uses plant materials to produce energy and reduce waste?

A) Gasification

B) Photovoltaics

C) Wind turbines

D) Geothermal plants

28. How do electric vehicles (EVs) contribute to reducing urban air pollution?

A) By increasing fossil fuel consumption

B) By emitting fewer pollutants than traditional gasoline vehicles

C) By having no impact on air quality

D) By relying solely on battery production emissions

29. What role does the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) play?

A) It enforces climate laws globally.

B) It provides scientific assessments of climate change impacts and solutions.

C) It controls global energy production.

D) It promotes fossil fuel use.

30. Which of the following statements about alternative energy sources is true?

A) They all produce greenhouse gases.

B) They are all more expensive than fossil fuels.

C) They can vary in availability and effectiveness.

D) They all require significant land use.

31. What is the primary effect of overfishing on marine ecosystems?

A) Increased biodiversity

B) Disruption of food chains and habitat loss

C) Improved fish populations

D) Decreased water temperatures

32. Which of the following processes primarily contributes to soil erosion?

A) Deforestation and poor land management

B) Reforestation

C) Crop rotation

D) Organic farming

33. What is the purpose of sustainable fisheries management?

A) To maximize short-term catches

B) To maintain fish populations and ecosystem health

C) To promote pollution in marine environments

D) To restrict fishing to specific seasons

34. Which of the following technologies has the potential to increase food
production with minimal land use?
A) Traditional farming techniques

B) Hydroponics and aquaponics

C) Monoculture cropping

D) Extensive animal husbandry

35. How do climate models predict future climate conditions?

A) By solely relying on historical data

B) By incorporating physical principles and current climate data

C) By ignoring greenhouse gas emissions

D) By focusing only on local weather patterns

36. Which of the following is a benefit of using synthetic biology in

agriculture?

A) Increased dependence on chemical fertilizers

B) Potential for developing crops with enhanced traits

C) Complete elimination of pests

D) Reduced biodiversity

37. What is the effect of ocean warming on marine biodiversity?

A) It enhances biodiversity.

B) It leads to species migration and loss of sensitive species.

C) It has no effect on marine life.

D) It only affects fish populations.

38. Which of the following is a common criticism of wind energy?

A) It generates no electricity.

B) It is highly polluting.

C) It can impact local wildlife and require significant land.

D) It relies solely on fossil fuels for production.

39. How do electric and magnetic fields relate to renewable energy

technologies?

A) They do not play a role in renewable energy.

B) They are crucial for the operation of wind turbines and solar panels.
C) They increase greenhouse gas emissions.

D) They are harmful to human health.

40. What is the significance of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?

A) It outlines a global framework for achieving sustainability by 2030.

B) It focuses solely on economic growth.

C) It ignores climate change issues.

D) It is a binding agreement for all countries.

41. Which of the following is the most significant challenge in developing

fusion energy?

A) Lack of sufficient fuel

B) Containing the extremely high temperatures required for the reaction

C) Lack of public interest

D) Dependence on fossil fuels

42. Which component of the Earth's atmosphere is primarily responsible for

absorbing ultraviolet radiation?

A) Nitrogen

B) Oxygen

C) Ozone

D) Carbon dioxide

43. How does artificial intelligence (AI) contribute to climate change

mitigation?

A) By increasing energy consumption in data centers

B) By optimizing energy use and predicting environmental changes

C) By replacing renewable energy sources

D) By reducing the need for automation in industries

44. Which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of acid
rain?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Combustion of fossil fuels releasing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

C) Greenhouse effect
D) Ocean acidification

45. Why is carbon dioxide (CO2) considered the primary greenhouse gas
contributing to climate change?

A) It is the only gas that traps heat in the atmosphere.

B) It has the highest heat-trapping ability among all gases.

C) It is produced in the largest quantities by human activities.

D) It is a toxic gas harmful to all life forms.

46. What is the primary advantage of using electric vehicles (EVs) compared to
gasoline-powered vehicles?

A) EVs have a shorter lifespan.

B) EVs emit zero direct tailpipe emissions.

C) EVs rely solely on fossil fuel energy.

D) EVs produce more CO2 emissions than gasoline-powered cars.

47. Which of the following describes a benefit of using tidal energy for
electricity generation?

A) It is dependent on the weather.

B) It produces consistent, predictable energy.

C) It has no impact on marine ecosystems.

D) It requires large amounts of fossil fuels.

48. Which of the following is an example of how nanotechnology can help in

environmental protection?

A) Producing more plastic waste

B) Enhancing the efficiency of water purification processes

C) Increasing air pollution

D) Reducing the need for renewable energy sources

49. Which of the following energy sources has the lowest carbon footprint?

A) Coal

B) Natural gas

C) Wind

D) Oil
50. Which of the following is a long-term risk associated with deep-sea mining?

A) Reduced metal availability

B) Destruction of unique deep-sea ecosystems

C) Increase in fossil fuel consumption

D) Increased biodiversity in marine environments

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. D: Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas; it does not trap heat in the

atmosphere.
2. B: The rate of consumption versus replenishment differentiates renewable
from non-renewable resources.
3. B: Over-fertilization can harm soil health by leading to nutrient runoff
and pollution.
4. B: Climate change destabilizes weather patterns, leading to more extreme
weather events.
5. C: Vertical farming allows for year-round production in urban settings by
using controlled environments.
6. C: GMOs can help increase food security through enhanced agricultural
yields.
7. B: In a hydroelectric power plant, kinetic energy from flowing water is
converted into electrical energy.
8. B: The ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation, protecting living
organisms.
9. A: Direct air capture is a technology used in CCS to remove CO2 from the
atmosphere.
10.C: Biofuels are renewable energy sources made from organic materials like
plants and waste.

11.B: Biomimicry involves designing products based on nature’s processes and

solutions.
12.B: Ocean acidification is primarily caused by increased carbon dioxide
absorption from the atmosphere.
13.C: Wind energy requires significant land use, although it is considered
clean.
14.B: Nuclear energy generates radioactive waste, posing a long-term
disposal challenge.
15.B: Desalination is most necessary in drought-prone areas where freshwater
is scarce.
16.C: Climate change is driven by both natural and anthropogenic
(human-caused) factors.
17.B: Implementing congestion pricing and promoting public transportation
can effectively reduce air pollution.
18.B: Biochar enhances soil fertility and sequesters carbon by improving
 soil structure.
19.C: Deforestation increases carbon emissions by removing trees that act as
carbon sinks.
20.C: The mantle is semi-solid and drives tectonic plate movements through
convection currents.
21.B: Biodiesel is more energy-dense than other biofuels like ethanol.
22.B: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through the
photovoltaic effect.
23.B: Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet theirs.
24.B: The intermittency and reliability of renewable energy sources pose
challenges for large-scale implementation.
25.A: Lithium is critical for technology production (e.g., batteries) but is
a non-renewable resource.
26.B: The greenhouse effect traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere,
maintaining a stable temperature.
27.A: Gasification converts plant materials into energy while reducing
waste.
28.B: EVs emit fewer pollutants compared to traditional gasoline vehicles,
improving air quality.
29.B: The IPCC provides scientific assessments of climate change impacts and
solutions.
30.C: Alternative energy sources vary in availability and effectiveness,
depending on location and technology.
31.B: Overfishing disrupts food chains and leads to habitat loss in marine
ecosystems.
32.A: Deforestation and poor land management are major contributors to soil
erosion.
33.B: Sustainable fisheries management maintains fish populations and
ecosystem health.
34.B: Hydroponics and aquaponics can significantly increase food production
with minimal land use.
35.B: Climate models predict future conditions by incorporating physical
principles and current data.
36.B: Synthetic biology can enhance crops by developing traits that improve
yield and resistance.
37.B: Ocean warming leads to species migration and the loss of sensitive
marine species.
38.C: Wind energy can impact local wildlife and requires land for wind
farms.
39.B: Electric and magnetic fields are essential for the operation of many
renewable energy technologies.
40.A: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a global framework for
achieving sustainability.
41. B: Containing the extremely high temperatures required for fusion
reactions is the most significant challenge in developing fusion energy.

42. C: Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV)

radiation from the Sun.
 43. B: AI contributes to climate change mitigation by optimizing energy
use, improving efficiency, and predicting environmental changes.

44. B: Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ)
are released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and
combine with water vapor.

45. C: CO₂ is considered the primary greenhouse gas because it is produced

in the largest quantities by human activities like burning fossil fuels and
deforestation.

46. B: Electric vehicles emit zero direct tailpipe emissions, making them
cleaner than gasoline-powered vehicles.

47. B: Tidal energy is consistent and predictable, as it is driven by

gravitational forces from the moon, making it a reliable renewable energy
source.

48. B: Nanotechnology can enhance the efficiency of water purification

processes, helping protect water resources and reduce pollution.

49. C: Wind energy has one of the lowest carbon footprints among energy
sources because it does not rely on combustion processes.

50. B: Deep-sea mining poses a long-term risk to unique deep-sea

ecosystems, potentially causing irreversible damage to biodiversity in these
areas.

SET D:

1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding black holes?

A) They emit visible light.

B) They absorb all forms of electromagnetic radiation, including light.

C) They are cooler than the surface of the Sun.

D) They can be seen directly with telescopes.

2. What is the main factor that contributes to the depletion of the ozone
layer?

A) Carbon dioxide emissions

B) Methane emissions

C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

D) Sulfur dioxide emissions

3. How does the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to ocean

acidification?
A) By releasing hydrogen ions that decrease ocean pH

B) By increasing the ocean’s salinity

C) By increasing the oxygen content of seawater

D) By absorbing less heat from the atmosphere

4. Which of the following is the primary limitation of photovoltaic solar

panels?

A) They can only be used in regions with high temperatures.

B) They rely on limited fossil fuel resources.

C) Their efficiency is reduced when there is no sunlight.

D) They emit large amounts of greenhouse gases.

5. What is the key difference between fission and fusion nuclear reactions?

A) Fission combines atomic nuclei, while fusion splits them apart.

B) Fission produces no radiation, while fusion produces significant amounts.

C) Fusion combines atomic nuclei to release energy, while fission splits atomic
nuclei.

D) Fusion is used in nuclear power plants, while fission occurs naturally in

stars.

6. What role do enzymes play in biological processes?

A) They store genetic information.

B) They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

C) They provide structural support to cells.

D) They transport oxygen in the bloodstream.

7. Which of the following represents a technological advancement designed to

reduce CO2 emissions in transportation?

A) Bioethanol-powered engines

B) Gasoline-powered internal combustion engines

C) Electric vehicles (EVs)

D) Diesel-powered engines

8. What is a potential environmental consequence of deforestation?

A) Decreased atmospheric CO2 levels

B) Increased biodiversity in ecosystems

C) Disruption of the water cycle and increased soil erosion

D) Reduced fossil fuel consumption

9. Which of the following is an advantage of geothermal energy?

A) It is not limited by location.

B) It emits no greenhouse gases.

C) It relies on finite fossil fuel resources.

D) It generates electricity only during the daytime.

10. What is the most common method of storing energy generated by renewable
sources like wind and solar?

A) Storing it in gas tanks

B) Using hydroelectric dams

C) Battery storage systems

D) Burning the energy for immediate use

11. Which of the following technologies could help reduce water scarcity in
arid regions?

A) Desalination plants

B) Solar farms

C) Nuclear reactors

D) Wind turbines

12. Which process is primarily responsible for the Earth's magnetic field?

A) Tidal forces

B) Convection currents in the outer core

C) Earth’s orbital motion

D) Solar winds interacting with the atmosphere

13. What is the primary challenge in implementing carbon capture and storage
(CCS) technologies?

A) High levels of public opposition

B) Insufficient CO2 capture rates

C) High costs and energy requirements for capturing and storing CO2

D) A lack of technological expertise

14. Which type of renewable energy is harnessed by using mirrors to concentrate

sunlight onto a central receiver?

A) Wind energy

B) Solar photovoltaic energy

C) Solar thermal energy

D) Hydropower

15. Which scientific principle allows airplanes to fly?

A) The principle of mass-energy equivalence

B) Newton’s second law of motion

C) Bernoulli’s principle

D) Archimedes' principle

16. Which form of communication technology uses light to transmit data at high
speeds?

A) Radio frequency waves

B) Fiber optics

C) Electromagnetic radiation

D) Acoustic signals

17. What is the most efficient type of fossil fuel in terms of energy produced
per unit of CO2 emitted?

A) Coal

B) Natural gas

C) Petroleum

D) Diesel

18. What is the main goal of precision agriculture?

A) To reduce the use of technology in farming

B) To maximize crop yields and resource efficiency through data-driven

decision-making

C) To plant as many crops as possible in the shortest amount of time

D) To increase the use of fertilizers and pesticides

19. Which of the following best describes the function of DNA in living
organisms?

A) It carries genetic information for growth and reproduction.

B) It provides energy for cellular processes.

C) It acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

D) It forms the structure of cell membranes.

20. Which of the following technologies is used in the production of clean

drinking water in remote areas?

A) Wind turbines

B) Reverse osmosis systems

C) Nuclear reactors

D) Photovoltaic cells

21. What is the principle behind 3D printing technology?

A) Removing material from a solid block to create a shape

B) Building objects layer by layer using additive manufacturing

C) Compressing materials to form a solid structure

D) Using chemical reactions to create objects instantly

22. Which of the following is a significant environmental risk associated with

hydraulic fracturing (fracking)?

A) Lowering of atmospheric CO2 levels

B) Increased seismic activity and water contamination

C) Excessive energy consumption

D) Depletion of solar energy

23. What is the primary concern associated with the melting of polar ice caps?

A) A decrease in marine biodiversity

B) Rising sea levels and increased risk of coastal flooding

C) Higher levels of freshwater availability

D) Increased oil reserves in the Arctic

24. Which of the following best describes the process of gene editing?

A) Altering the DNA sequence to introduce specific traits or eliminate genetic

disorders

B) Increasing the size of an organism’s genome

C) Cloning an organism to create an identical copy

D) Copying RNA sequences for cellular division

25. Which of the following renewable energy technologies poses a potential risk
to bird populations?

A) Solar panels

B) Wind turbines

C) Geothermal plants

D) Hydropower dams

26. How do hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity?

A) By splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen

B) By converting chemical energy into electrical energy through a reaction

between hydrogen and oxygen

C) By burning hydrogen gas to generate heat

D) By capturing energy from sunlight

27. What is the main difference between weather and climate?

A) Weather refers to long-term patterns, while climate describes short-term

conditions.

B) Climate is a regional phenomenon, while weather is global.

C) Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to

long-term trends.

D) Climate refers to precipitation, while weather refers to temperature.

28. Which of the following is a primary source of methane emissions in the

atmosphere?

A) Ocean currents

B) Livestock digestion and rice paddies

C) Photosynthesis in plants

D) Volcanic eruptions
29. Which material is the best conductor of electricity?

A) Aluminum

B) Iron

C) Copper

D) Silicon

30. What is the principle behind nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) used in
medical imaging (MRI)?

A) It detects nuclear radiation emitted from the body.

B) It uses radio waves to generate images based on the magnetic properties of

atoms.

C) It creates images by reflecting sound waves off tissues.

D) It measures the electrical activity in the brain.

31. Which of the following factors is most responsible for coral bleaching?

A) Ocean salinity changes

B) Increased water temperature due to climate change

C) Decreased sunlight reaching corals

D) Increased levels of ocean oxygen

32. What is the main advantage of using drone technology in agriculture?

A) Increasing the need for manual labor

B) Improving efficiency in monitoring crops and applying pesticides

C) Eliminating the need for fertilizers

D) Reducing the use of data-driven decision-making

33. Which of the following is a primary cause of eutrophication in freshwater

bodies?

A) Excess nutrients from fertilizers and agricultural runoff

B) A decline in fish populations

C) Decreased atmospheric carbon dioxide

D) Ocean acidification

34. What is the main challenge in recycling electronic waste (e-waste)?

A) Lack of valuable materials in electronics

B) Complexity in separating and recovering metals like gold and copper

C) The ease of recycling hazardous materials

D) Increased availability of renewable energy sources

35. What is a significant advantage of CRISPR technology in biotechnology?

A) It allows for the large-scale cloning of organisms.

B) It enables precise editing of genetic material for targeted modifications.

C) It generates energy through photosynthesis.

D) It eliminates the need for traditional agricultural practices.

36. What is the role of blockchain technology in enhancing the transparency of

supply chains?

A) It tracks and records transactions and product movements securely across

different stages of production.

B) It provides real-time monitoring of energy consumption in households.

C) It increases the rate of data transfer between servers.

D) It enhances the physical security of goods during transportation.

37. Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect?

A) Heat from the Earth’s core is trapped in the atmosphere.

B) Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, maintaining a stable

temperature.

C) The sun’s energy is reflected back into space by the Earth’s atmosphere.

D) Oceans absorb all the heat produced by human activities.

38. Which of the following materials is widely used in the production of

semiconductor devices?

A) Carbon

B) Silicon

C) Copper

D) Lead

39. How does tidal energy generate electricity?

A) By harnessing the thermal energy from the sun

B) By capturing energy from the gravitational pull of the moon and the movement
of tides

C) By burning hydrogen gas

D) By converting wind power into mechanical energy

40. What is a significant limitation of artificial intelligence (AI) in

decision-making?

A) AI systems can replace renewable energy technologies.

B) AI systems are incapable of processing large data sets efficiently.

C) AI lacks the ability to understand context and nuance in complex human

decisions.

D) AI is fully self-aware and does not need human intervention.

41. Which of the following is a key component in the production of modern

rechargeable batteries, like those used in electric vehicles?

A) Iron

B) Silicon

C) Lithium

D) Mercury

42. What is the main environmental concern associated with the widespread use
of nitrogen-based fertilizers?

A) Ozone depletion

B) Increased deforestation

C) Eutrophication and groundwater contamination

D) Increased global temperatures

43. How does carbon sequestration in forests help mitigate climate change?

A) By absorbing methane from the atmosphere

B) By reducing global water vapor levels

C) By absorbing and storing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

D) By cooling the planet through soil evaporation

44. Which of the following technologies is primarily used to detect

gravitational waves?

A) Hubble Space Telescope

B) Large Hadron Collider

C) LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory)

D) James Webb Space Telescope

45. What is the primary reason that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are
controversial?

A) GMOs increase biodiversity

B) GMOs can reduce food security

C) Concerns over their long-term impact on human health and the environment

D) GMOs are naturally occurring organisms

46. Which of the following renewable energy technologies uses the flow of water
to generate electricity?

A) Biomass

B) Solar panels

C) Hydropower

D) Wind turbines

47. Which of the following explains why LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights are
more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs?

A) LEDs emit heat instead of light.

B) LEDs convert more energy into light rather than heat.

C) LEDs use nuclear fusion to generate light.

D) LEDs work by reflecting sunlight.

48. Which of the following best describes the concept of "genetic drift" in
biology?

A) Random changes in the frequency of alleles within a population over time

B) Natural selection favoring the most beneficial traits

C) The intentional alteration of an organism's genes through genetic

engineering

D) The flow of genes between different populations

49. Which innovation has been critical in improving the efficiency of

communication in mobile networks?

A) 3G technology
B) Optical fiber cables

C) 5G networks

D) Satellite-based internet

50. What is a significant benefit of using quantum computers over classical

computers?

A) Quantum computers are smaller and more portable.

B) Quantum computers can solve complex problems at speeds unattainable by

classical computers.

C) Quantum computers do not require any energy to operate.

D) Quantum computers operate using binary code like classical computers.

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. B: Black holes absorb all forms of electromagnetic radiation, including

light, making them invisible unless their effects are observed on nearby
objects.
2. C: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are primarily responsible for the depletion
of the ozone layer.
3. A: Atmospheric CO2 increases hydrogen ion concentration in oceans,
lowering pH and causing acidification.
4. C: Photovoltaic solar panels generate less energy when sunlight is not
available, such as at night or on cloudy days.
5. C: Fusion combines atomic nuclei to release energy, while fission splits
atomic nuclei.
6. B: Enzymes act as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions in
biological processes.
7. C: Electric vehicles (EVs) are a technological advancement designed to
reduce CO2 emissions in transportation.
8. C: Deforestation disrupts the water cycle and increases soil erosion.
9. B: Geothermal energy emits very low amounts of greenhouse gases compared
to fossil fuels.
10.C: Battery storage systems are commonly used to store energy generated by
renewable sources.
11.A: Desalination plants convert seawater into drinkable freshwater,
helping address water scarcity.
12.B: The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by convection currents in the
liquid outer core of the planet.
13.C: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies face challenges due to
high costs and energy requirements.
14.C: Solar thermal energy uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a
central receiver, generating heat to produce electricity.
15.C: Bernoulli’s principle explains that faster-moving air over the wing
creates lift, allowing airplanes to fly.
16.B: Fiber optics use light to transmit data at high speeds.
17.B: Natural gas is the most efficient fossil fuel in terms of energy
produced per unit of CO2 emitted.
18.B: Precision agriculture aims to maximize crop yields and resource
efficiency through data-driven decision-making.
19.A: DNA carries genetic information that directs the growth, development,
and reproduction of living organisms.
20.B: Reverse osmosis systems are used in remote areas to filter impurities
and produce clean drinking water.
21.B: 3D printing creates objects layer by layer using additive
manufacturing processes.
22.B: Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can cause increased seismic activity
and contamination of groundwater.
23.B: Melting polar ice caps contribute to rising sea levels, increasing the
risk of coastal flooding.
24.A: Gene editing alters DNA sequences to introduce or remove specific
traits or eliminate genetic disorders.
25.B: Wind turbines pose a risk to bird populations due to potential
collisions with the blades.
26.B: Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity by converting chemical energy
through a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
27.C: Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate
refers to long-term patterns.
28.B: Methane emissions come from sources such as livestock digestion and
rice paddies.
29.C: Copper is one of the best conductors of electricity due to its low
resistance.
30.B: NMR in MRI uses radio waves to generate images based on the magnetic
properties of atoms in the body.
31.B: Increased water temperature due to climate change is the primary cause
of coral bleaching.
32.B: Drones improve efficiency in monitoring crops and applying pesticides
in agriculture.
33.A: Eutrophication in freshwater bodies is caused by excess nutrients,
primarily from fertilizers and agricultural runoff.
34.B: One of the main challenges in recycling e-waste is the complexity in
separating and recovering valuable metals like gold and copper.
35.B: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of genetic material for
targeted modifications.
36.A: Blockchain technology enhances transparency by securely tracking and
recording product movements across supply chains.
37.B: The greenhouse effect traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, helping to
maintain a stable temperature.
38.B: Silicon is widely used in the production of semiconductors due to its
electrical properties.
39.B: Tidal energy is generated by capturing the gravitational pull of the
moon and the movement of tides.
40.C: A significant limitation of AI in decision-making is its inability to
fully understand context and nuance in complex human situations.
41.C: Lithium is a key component in modern rechargeable batteries,
 especially those used in electric vehicles and portable electronics.
42.C: Nitrogen-based fertilizers can cause eutrophication (nutrient
pollution) in water bodies and contamination of groundwater.
43.C: Forests help mitigate climate change by absorbing and storing carbon
dioxide through the process of photosynthesis.
44.C: LIGO is the primary technology used to detect gravitational waves, a
phenomenon predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity.
45.C: GMOs are controversial due to concerns over their long-term impacts on
human health and the environment, despite their benefits in agriculture.
46.C: Hydropower uses the flow of water, typically from dams or rivers, to
generate electricity.
47.B: LEDs are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs because they
convert more energy into light and less into heat.
48.A: Genetic drift refers to random changes in the frequency of alleles
within a population, independent of natural selection.
49.C: 5G networks are a recent innovation that has significantly improved
the speed and efficiency of mobile communications.
50.B: Quantum computers can solve complex problems much faster than
classical computers by leveraging quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in
multiple states simultaneously.

SET E:

1. What is the main technological challenge in developing fusion power plants?

A) Containing the extremely high temperatures required for fusion

B) Generating sufficient nuclear fuel for fusion

C) The need for heavy water as a coolant

D) The inability to sustain a chain reaction

2. Which type of electromagnetic radiation is most commonly used in remote

sensing satellites to monitor Earth's surface?

A) Gamma rays

B) X-rays

C) Infrared

D) Microwaves

3. Which of the following factors primarily determines the speed of sound in a

medium?

A) The color of the medium

B) The temperature and density of the medium

C) The frequency of sound waves

D) The humidity of the surrounding air

4. What is the primary role of photosynthetic organisms in the carbon cycle?

A) They release methane into the atmosphere.

B) They convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

C) They break down complex organic molecules into simpler compounds.

D) They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through respiration.

5. Which of the following represents a major advantage of vertical farming

compared to traditional farming?

A) Increased reliance on natural sunlight

B) Higher water and land usage

C) Reduced transportation emissions due to urban proximity

D) Increased pesticide use to control indoor environments

6. What is the main environmental concern regarding the increased use of

biofuels?

A) The increase in biodiversity

B) Deforestation and competition for arable land with food crops

C) The lack of energy produced

D) Overdependence on fossil fuels

7. What is a major advantage of graphene in technological applications?

A) High electrical conductivity and strength

B) Low melting point

C) Its use as a biological catalyst

D) Its ability to store energy in organic forms

8. Which of the following renewable energy sources is primarily driven by

gravitational forces?

A) Wind energy

B) Solar energy

C) Geothermal energy
D) Tidal energy

9. Which of the following is the largest source of renewable energy globally?

A) Biomass energy

B) Geothermal energy

C) Solar energy

D) Hydropower

10. Which of the following factors affects the solubility of gases in water?

A) Atmospheric pressure and temperature

B) Water density

C) The color of the gas

D) The speed of water currents

11. How does CRISPR-Cas9 technology work to edit genes?

A) By randomly mutating DNA sequences

B) By cutting DNA at specific sites and inserting or deleting genetic material

C) By fusing two different species' DNA

D) By using ultraviolet radiation to change DNA sequences

12. What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?

A) It provides the energy to break down glucose molecules.

B) It stores carbon dioxide for later use.

C) It captures light energy to drive chemical reactions.

D) It regulates water absorption in plants.

13. Which of the following elements is commonly used in the production of

computer chips?

A) Carbon

B) Copper

C) Silicon

D) Gold

14. What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

A) The natural mutation of bacterial genes

B) The lack of natural predators

C) The excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics

D) The depletion of oxygen in their environment

15. What is the function of a capacitor in an electrical circuit?

A) To convert electrical energy into light

B) To store and release electrical energy

C) To increase the voltage of a circuit

D) To reduce the resistance of a circuit

16. Which of the following environmental phenomena results in ocean

acidification?

A) Increased levels of ozone in the atmosphere

B) The absorption of excess carbon dioxide by ocean water

C) Volcanic eruptions under the ocean

D) The melting of polar ice caps

17. Which of the following best describes a quantum computer’s qubit?

A) A bit that can represent either a 0 or a 1, but not both

B) A bit that can exist simultaneously in multiple states, such as 0 and 1

C) A bit that functions based on the law of relativity

D) A bit that is strictly analog and operates only in continuous states

18. Which of the following processes is responsible for the production of

oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere?

A) Respiration

B) Nitrogen fixation

C) Photosynthesis

D) Combustion of fossil fuels

19. Which of the following materials is widely used in modern insulation due to
its ability to trap heat and sound?

A) Asbestos

B) Fiberglass
C) Silicon

D) Teflon

20. What is the key difference between AC (alternating current) and DC (direct
current)?

A) AC travels only in one direction, while DC switches back and forth.

B) AC flows in a back-and-forth direction, while DC flows in only one

direction.

C) AC is used for long-distance travel, while DC is used only for short

distances.

D) AC requires more energy than DC to operate.

21. Which of the following types of waves is used in MRI (Magnetic Resonance
Imaging) technology?

A) X-rays

B) Gamma rays

C) Radio waves

D) Ultraviolet light

22. Which of the following substances is commonly used to neutralize acidic

soils?

A) Sulfuric acid

B) Lime (calcium carbonate)

C) Salt

D) Sand

23. What is the primary purpose of the Haber process in industrial chemistry?

A) To produce synthetic rubber

B) To generate large amounts of oxygen

C) To synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

D) To create carbon dioxide for commercial use

24. Which of the following is a major limitation in the use of hydrogen as a

clean fuel?

A) The high cost of storage and transportation

B) The release of significant greenhouse gases

C) The scarcity of hydrogen on Earth

D) The production of toxic byproducts

25. How does synthetic biology differ from genetic engineering?

A) Synthetic biology only alters DNA, while genetic engineering changes RNA.

B) Synthetic biology designs entirely new biological systems, while genetic

engineering modifies existing ones.

C) Genetic engineering is only used in agriculture, while synthetic biology is

used only in medicine.

D) Synthetic biology focuses on cloning organisms, while genetic engineering

does not.

26. What is the primary environmental benefit of planting mangroves in coastal

areas?

A) They reduce water salinity.

B) They enhance tidal wave energy.

C) They protect coastal areas from erosion and serve as carbon sinks.

D) They increase atmospheric nitrogen levels.

27. Which of the following is a key challenge in building large-scale space

habitats?

A) Lack of available water resources in space

B) Generating a sustainable and breathable atmosphere

C) Excess heat in outer space

D) Gravity’s interference with space structures

28. What property makes supercritical fluids useful in chemical processes, such
as extraction?

A) They can only exist at extremely low temperatures.

B) They have unique properties, like behaving both as a gas and a liquid.

C) They are highly reactive.

D) They dissolve in water.

29. What is a significant concern associated with the use of drones in modern
warfare?

A) The speed at which they can deliver supplies

B) The reduction in human casualties

C) Ethical concerns regarding the autonomy of lethal decision-making

D) The lack of automation in flight paths

30. Which of the following is a major challenge in large-scale desalination

plants?

A) High energy consumption and environmental impact from brine disposal

B) Lack of available saltwater in coastal areas

C) The inability to generate sufficient drinking water

D) The production of greenhouse gases during desalination

31. What is the primary use of catalysts in industrial chemical reactions?

A) To increase the energy required for reactions

B) To increase the rate of reactions without being consumed

C) To eliminate unwanted byproducts

D) To slow down reactions to a controlled rate

32. Which of the following explains the concept of dark energy in cosmology?

A) It refers to the force that accelerates the expansion of the universe.

B) It describes the matter within black holes.

C) It refers to the energy released during nuclear fission.

D) It is the energy absorbed by stars during supernova explosions.

33. Which of the following is the primary reason that exoplanet detection is
challenging?

A) Exoplanets emit a very high amount of light.

B) Exoplanets are often too close to their parent stars.

C) Exoplanets are faint and emit very little light compared to their host
stars.

D) Exoplanets’ atmospheres are full of hydrogen gas, making detection

impossible.

34. Which of the following energy storage technologies is most suitable for
short-term electricity supply in power grids?

A) Hydrogen fuel cells

B) Compressed air energy storage

C) Supercapacitors

D) Pumped hydroelectric storage

35. Which of the following describes the concept of "quantum entanglement"?

A) Particles that interact can remain connected, affecting one another even
when separated by vast distances.

B) Particles can travel back in time by passing through a black hole.

C) Quantum particles constantly change form, making them unpredictable.

D) Quantum particles can exist in both matter and antimatter forms

simultaneously.

36. What is the significance of the event horizon of a black hole?

A) It marks the point at which the black hole's gravity becomes repulsive.

B) It is the boundary beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape.

C) It is the point at which time stops for objects falling into the black hole.

D) It represents the center of the black hole where all matter is compressed.

37. Which of the following best explains the "butterfly effect" in chaos
theory?

A) Large changes in systems occur independently of initial conditions.

B) Small initial differences can lead to vastly different outcomes in complex

systems.

C) Systems always reach a stable equilibrium regardless of perturbations.

D) Predicting future outcomes is possible with enough initial data.

38. Which of the following technologies is essential for high-speed

communication networks, such as fiber-optic internet?

A) Ultrasound

B) Fiber-optic cables

C) Vacuum tubes

D) Semiconductors

39. What is the purpose of a superconductor in technological applications?

A) To conduct electricity with zero resistance at very low temperatures

B) To enhance heat transfer in electronic circuits

C) To increase the resistance of electric circuits

D) To store large amounts of electrical energy

40. Which of the following describes the principle of buoyancy?

A) An object will float if it is denser than the fluid it is placed in.

B) The weight of the fluid displaced by an object is equal to the buoyant force
acting on it.

C) The buoyant force is independent of the density of the fluid.

D) Buoyancy is strongest in solids and weakest in gases.

41. Which of the following factors is most significant in determining a star's

lifespan?

A) The star's size and mass

B) The star's distance from Earth

C) The star's temperature

D) The star's brightness

42. What is the primary function of a spectrometer in scientific research?

A) To measure the intensity of light from stars

B) To separate and analyze light into its component wavelengths

C) To magnify distant objects for observation

D) To create artificial magnetic fields for study

43. Which of the following explains why helium is used in blimps and balloons
instead of hydrogen?

A) Helium is lighter than hydrogen.

B) Helium is less flammable and more chemically stable than hydrogen.

C) Helium provides more lift than hydrogen.

D) Helium reacts more quickly with atmospheric gases than hydrogen.

44. What is a significant advantage of fuel cells over traditional combustion

engines?

A) Fuel cells produce zero harmful emissions.

B) Fuel cells generate more energy from fossil fuels.

C) Fuel cells are easier to manufacture.

D) Fuel cells use gasoline more efficiently.

45. Which of the following best explains why the moon has no significant
atmosphere?

A) The moon is too far from the sun to hold an atmosphere.

B) The moon's gravitational pull is too weak to retain gases.

C) The moon's surface is covered in ice that absorbs gases.

D) The moon's atmosphere is constantly blown away by solar winds.

46. Which of the following materials is used as a catalyst in car exhaust

systems to reduce harmful emissions?

A) Aluminum

B) Platinum

C) Lead

D) Silicon

47. Which of the following properties makes diamonds useful in industrial

cutting tools?

A) High density and weight

B) Low melting point and chemical reactivity

C) Extreme hardness and resistance to abrasion

D) High electrical conductivity and magnetic properties

48. What is the primary advantage of using perovskite materials in solar cells?

A) They are highly reflective, increasing energy absorption.

B) They are inexpensive and highly efficient at converting light to

electricity.

C) They are made from rare earth elements.

D) They generate electricity using nuclear reactions.

49. What role does a photovoltaic cell play in a solar panel?

A) It stores electricity generated by the sun.

B) It reflects sunlight to generate heat.

C) It converts sunlight directly into electricity.

D) It transmits solar energy over long distances.

50. Which of the following is a major limitation of current virtual reality

(VR) systems?

A) The high energy consumption of VR headsets

B) The lack of immersive audio

C) Limited motion tracking and user movement in virtual environments

D) The absence of realistic visual rendering

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. A: The primary technological challenge in fusion power is containing the

extreme temperatures needed for fusion reactions, which can reach
millions of degrees.
2. C: Infrared radiation is often used in remote sensing satellites to
monitor heat patterns and changes on Earth's surface.
3. B: The speed of sound in a medium is primarily affected by its
temperature and density.
4. B: Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, convert carbon dioxide into
organic compounds, playing a crucial role in the carbon cycle.
5. C: Vertical farming reduces transportation emissions by being located
close to urban centers and requires less land.
6. B: The use of biofuels can lead to deforestation and competition for land
that could be used for food production.
7. A: Graphene is known for its exceptional electrical conductivity and
mechanical strength, making it valuable in a wide range of technological
applications.
8. D: Tidal energy is primarily driven by gravitational forces, specifically
the gravitational pull of the moon on Earth's oceans.
9. D: Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy globally,
generating electricity from water flowing through dams.
10.A: The solubility of gases in water is influenced by atmospheric pressure
and temperature, with colder water holding more gas.
11.B: CRISPR-Cas9 cuts DNA at specific sites, allowing targeted gene
editing.
12.C: Chlorophyll is responsible for capturing light energy, which powers
the process of photosynthesis.
13.C: Silicon is the primary material used in the production of computer
chips due to its semiconductor properties.
14.C: Antibiotic resistance arises primarily from the overuse and misuse of
antibiotics, which encourages the evolution of resistant bacterial
strains.
15.B: A capacitor stores and releases electrical energy in circuits.
16.B: Ocean acidification occurs when the ocean absorbs excess carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere, lowering the pH of the water.
17.B: A qubit in quantum computing can exist in multiple states
simultaneously, enabling more complex processing than classical bits.
18.C: Photosynthesis is the primary process responsible for producing oxygen
in Earth's atmosphere.
19.B: Fiberglass is commonly used for insulation because it traps heat and
sound effectively.
20.B: Alternating current (AC) flows in both directions, while direct
current (DC) flows in only one direction.
21.C: MRI technology uses radio waves to generate images of the body's
internal structures.
22.B: Lime (calcium carbonate) is used to neutralize acidic soils, improving
their ability to support plant growth.
23.C: The Haber process is used to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and
hydrogen, which is essential for producing fertilizers.
24.A: A major challenge of using hydrogen as a fuel is the high cost of
storage and transportation.
25.B: Synthetic biology involves designing new biological systems, while
genetic engineering modifies existing ones.
26.C: Mangroves protect coastal areas from erosion and act as carbon sinks,
helping mitigate climate change.
27.B: A significant challenge in building space habitats is generating a
sustainable and breathable atmosphere for human survival.
28.B: Supercritical fluids behave both as gases and liquids, making them
useful in processes like extraction and material processing.
29.C: The ethical concerns surrounding drones in warfare involve the
potential for autonomous decisions in lethal situations.
30.A: Desalination plants consume large amounts of energy, and disposing of
the resulting brine can harm the environment.
31.B: Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions without being
consumed, making them vital in industrial processes.
32.A: Dark energy is thought to be responsible for the accelerating
expansion of the universe.
33.C: Exoplanets are difficult to detect because they are faint and emit
little light compared to their host stars.
34.C: Supercapacitors are ideal for short-term electricity storage due to
their rapid charge and discharge capabilities.
35.A: Quantum entanglement describes how particles that interact remain
connected, even when separated by vast distances.
36.B: The event horizon is the boundary beyond which nothing, including
light, can escape from a black hole.
37.B: The "butterfly effect" in chaos theory explains how small initial
differences can lead to vastly different outcomes.
38.B: Fiber-optic cables are essential for high-speed communication
networks, transmitting data as light signals.
39.A: Superconductors conduct electricity with zero resistance at very low
temperatures, making them valuable in technological applications.
40.B: The principle of buoyancy states that the buoyant force acting on an
object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
41.A: A star's size and mass are the primary factors that determine its
lifespan, with larger stars burning out more quickly.
42.B: Spectrometers are used to separate and analyze light into its
 component wavelengths, providing information about the composition of
light sources.
43.B: Helium is used in blimps and balloons because it is less flammable and
more chemically stable than hydrogen.
44.A: Fuel cells produce energy without harmful emissions, making them a
cleaner alternative to combustion engines.
45.B: The moon's weak gravitational pull prevents it from retaining a
significant atmosphere.
46.B: Platinum is commonly used as a catalyst in car exhaust systems to
reduce harmful emissions by speeding up chemical reactions.
47.C: Diamonds are used in industrial cutting tools due to their extreme
hardness and resistance to abrasion.
48.B: Perovskite materials are highly efficient at converting light to
electricity and are relatively inexpensive to produce, making them
promising for solar cell applications.
49.C: A photovoltaic cell in a solar panel converts sunlight directly into
electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
50.C: One major limitation of current virtual reality (VR) systems is the
limited motion tracking and user movement in virtual environments,
affecting the immersive experience.
SET F:

1. Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order of biological

classification from broadest to most specific?

A) Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species

B) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

C) Class, Phylum, Order, Kingdom, Genus, Family, Species

D) Phylum, Kingdom, Order, Class, Genus, Family, Species

2. Which taxonomic group is the most inclusive and contains the greatest
diversity of organisms?

A) Species

B) Genus

C) Phylum

D) Kingdom

3. Which of the following pairs correctly matches the animal with its taxonomic
group?

A) Frog – Arthropoda

B) Shark – Mammalia

C) Spider – Arachnida
D) Earthworm – Echinodermata

4. Which of the following statements about binomial nomenclature is true?

A) It assigns a unique three-part name to each species.

B) It was developed by Charles Darwin.

C) The first part of the scientific name represents the species.

D) It uses Latin names, with the genus capitalized and the species in
lowercase.

5. What is the correct classification of the domestic cat (Felis catus) in

terms of its family?

A) Canidae

B) Felidae

C) Ursidae

D) Bovidae

6. Which of the following animals belongs to the class Mammalia?

A) Crocodile

B) Bat

C) Penguin

D) Salamander

7. What is the defining characteristic of organisms classified in the phylum

Chordata?

A) Presence of an exoskeleton

B) Presence of a notochord at some stage in their development

C) Bilateral symmetry

D) Presence of segmented bodies

8. Which of the following correctly identifies an animal in the phylum

Mollusca?

A) Jellyfish

B) Octopus

C) Sea cucumber

D) Starfish
9. In terms of taxonomy, what characteristic distinguishes organisms in the
class Amphibia?

A) They have scaly skin and lay eggs on land.

B) They are capable of both aquatic and terrestrial life, and lay eggs in
water.

C) They have hollow bones adapted for flight.

D) They give birth to live young and have fur.

10. Which of the following taxonomic ranks immediately follows "Family" in the
classification hierarchy?

A) Class

B) Genus

C) Phylum

D) Species

11. What type of symbiotic relationship is characterized by one organism

benefiting while the other is harmed?

A) Mutualism

B) Commensalism

C) Parasitism

D) Neutralism

12. Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

A) A tick feeding on the blood of a dog

B) Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar

C) Barnacles attaching to a whale

D) A lion hunting a zebra

13. In which symbiotic relationship does one organism benefit and the other is
neither helped nor harmed?

A) Parasitism

B) Commensalism

C) Predation

D) Mutualism
14. What type of relationship exists between a clownfish and a sea anemone,
where the clownfish receives protection, and the sea anemone is not harmed?

A) Mutualism

B) Parasitism

C) Commensalism

D) Predation

15. Which of the following describes a parasitic relationship?

A) Two species of birds helping each other defend their nests

B) A flea feeding on the blood of a dog

C) A bird eating insects off a grazing cow

D) A butterfly pollinating flowers

16. Lichens are an example of which type of symbiotic relationship?

A) Commensalism

B) Parasitism

C) Mutualism

D) Predation

17. Which symbiotic relationship is illustrated by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in

the roots of leguminous plants?

A) Mutualism

B) Parasitism

C) Commensalism

D) Competition

18. Which of the following is a non-symbiotic relationship where one organism

hunts and kills another for food?

A) Commensalism

B) Parasitism

C) Mutualism

D) Predation
19. In the relationship between cattle and cattle egrets, where the egrets feed
on insects stirred up by the cattle's movement, which symbiotic relationship is
present?

A) Mutualism

B) Commensalism

C) Parasitism

D) Competition

20. What type of symbiosis occurs between a remora fish and a shark, where the
remora fish attaches to the shark and feeds on leftover food without harming
the shark?

A) Commensalism

B) Mutualism

C) Parasitism

D) Predation

21. Which of the following is considered the starting point of the Industrial
Revolution?

A) The invention of the steam engine

B) The introduction of the cotton gin

C) The establishment of the first factories

D) The agricultural revolution

22. What was a significant social impact of the Industrial Revolution?

A) Decrease in urban populations

B) Increase in the number of agricultural workers

C) Rise of the middle class

D) Decrease in child labor

23. Which invention is credited with revolutionizing the textile industry

during the Industrial Revolution?

A) The spinning jenny

B) The telegraph

C) The steam locomotive

D) The power loom

24. Which of the following was a major consequence of the Industrial Revolution
on labor?

A) Longer work hours with fewer regulations

B) Increase in artisan and skilled craft jobs

C) Decrease in the factory system

D) Reduction in child labor laws

25. What role did the steam engine play during the Industrial Revolution?

A) It was primarily used for agricultural purposes.

B) It facilitated the development of mechanized manufacturing.

C) It replaced animal power in transportation.

D) Both B and C.

26. Which of the following best describes the concept of "urbanization" during
the Industrial Revolution?

A) Movement of people from cities to rural areas

B) The growth of cities as a result of industrialization

C) The establishment of agricultural communities

D) Decrease in population density in urban areas

27. What was one of the environmental impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

A) Increased forest conservation efforts

B) Enhanced biodiversity

C) Urban pollution and deforestation

D) Reduced carbon emissions

28. Which of the following movements arose as a response to the negative

effects of the Industrial Revolution on workers?

A) The Enlightenment

B) The Labor Movement

C) The Renaissance

D) The Agricultural Movement

29. Who is often referred to as the "Father of the Industrial Revolution" for
his contributions to mechanization?
A) James Watt

B) Adam Smith

C) Eli Whitney

D) Henry Ford

30. Which social class emerged as a significant result of the Industrial

Revolution?

A) The aristocracy

B) The peasantry

C) The working class and the middle class

D) The merchant class only

31. Which industry was the first to be transformed by the Industrial

Revolution?

A) Transportation

B) Textile

C) Iron and steel

D) Agriculture

32. What was the primary source of power for factories during the early stages
of the Industrial Revolution?

A) Electric power

B) Steam power

C) Wind power

D) Hydropower

33. What economic theory advocates for a free market and minimal government
intervention, which gained prominence during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Mercantilism

B) Socialism

C) Capitalism

D) Feudalism

34. Which of the following inventions significantly improved transportation

during the Industrial Revolution?
A) The spinning jenny

B) The steam locomotive

C) The cotton gin

D) The telegraph

35. What was the impact of the Factory Acts in Britain during the Industrial
Revolution?

A) They increased working hours for women and children.

B) They improved working conditions and limited working hours.

C) They abolished child labor completely.

D) They reduced the number of factories.

36. Which of the following best describes "child labor" during the Industrial
Revolution?

A) Children were encouraged to pursue education over work.

B) Children worked in harsh conditions for minimal pay.

C) Child labor laws were strictly enforced.

D) Children primarily worked on family farms.

37. Which social reformer was known for advocating for the rights of factory
workers during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Karl Marx

B) Adam Smith

C) Thomas Malthus

D) John Stuart Mill

38. What major change in agricultural practices helped fuel the Industrial
Revolution?

A) The use of traditional farming techniques

B) The enclosure movement and crop rotation

C) Increased reliance on subsistence farming

D) The abandonment of large estates

39. Which of the following countries is often credited with being the first to
industrialize?
A) United States

B) Germany

C) Great Britain

D) France

40. What was one of the primary effects of the Industrial Revolution on women?

A) Women primarily returned to traditional household roles.

B) Women gained equal rights with men in the workforce.

C) Women increasingly participated in the workforce, often in factories.

D) Women were excluded from factory jobs entirely.

41. In which century did the Industrial Revolution primarily take place?

A) 17th century

B) 18th century

C) 19th century

D) 20th century

42. What was the primary agricultural change that preceded the Industrial
Revolution?

A) The introduction of machinery in farming

B) The use of crop rotation and selective breeding

C) The establishment of urban farms

D) The decline of subsistence farming

43. What was one of the main reasons for the population explosion during the
Industrial Revolution?

A) Increased mortality rates

B) Advances in medicine and public health

C) Decrease in agricultural production

D) The spread of diseases

44. What role did the British government play in the Industrial Revolution?

A) It heavily regulated all industrial activities.

B) It provided significant support for industrial ventures and innovations.

C) It focused solely on agricultural policies.

D) It restricted foreign trade and investment.

45. Which of the following best describes the working conditions in factories
during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Safe and regulated

B) Clean and well-lit

C) Harsh and unsafe, with long hours

D) Highly skilled and artisan-based

46. What was the purpose of the Luddites during the Industrial Revolution?

A) To promote industrial innovation

B) To support the establishment of trade unions

C) To protest against the loss of jobs due to mechanization

D) To advocate for child labor laws

47. Which of the following movements emerged as a response to the social

changes brought by the Industrial Revolution?

A) The Romantic Movement

B) The Enlightenment

C) The Reformation

D) The Baroque Movement

48. Which invention is credited with advancing communication during the

Industrial Revolution?

A) The telephone

B) The printing press

C) The telegraph

D) The radio

49. The concept of "laissez-faire" economics during the Industrial Revolution

advocated for:

A) Strong government intervention in the economy

B) Complete regulation of industries

C) Minimal government interference in economic matters

D) Nationalization of all industries

50. Which event marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United
Kingdom?

A) The invention of the steam engine

B) The establishment of the first factory system

C) The Agricultural Revolution

D) The development of railroads

Answer Key and Rationalizations:

1. B: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species is the correct

taxonomic order.
2. D: Kingdom is the broadest and most inclusive taxonomic group.
3. C: Spiders belong to the class Arachnida.
4. D: In binomial nomenclature, the genus is capitalized, and the species
name is lowercase.
5. B: The domestic cat (Felis catus) belongs to the family Felidae.
6. B: Bats are mammals (class Mammalia), as they have fur and give birth to
live young.

7. B: The defining characteristic of Chordates is the presence of a

notochord, at least during some stage of their development.

8. B: Octopuses belong to the phylum Mollusca.

9. B: Amphibians live both in water and on land, and lay their eggs in
water.

10.B: Genus follows Family in the classification hierarchy.

11.C: Parasitism is where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
12.B: In mutualism, both organisms benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers
while gathering nectar.
13.B: Commensalism involves one organism benefiting while the other is
unaffected.
14.C: The clownfish receives protection from the sea anemone (commensalism).
15.B: A flea feeding on a dog is an example of parasitism.
16.C: Lichens, a symbiotic association between fungi and algae, represent
mutualism.
17.A: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants benefit from each
other, which is mutualism.
18.D: Predation involves one organism hunting and killing another for food.
19.B: In commensalism, the cattle egrets benefit without affecting the
cattle.
20.A: The remora fish benefits from the shark without harming it
(commensalism).
21.D: The agricultural revolution provided the necessary conditions for the
 Industrial Revolution to start.
22.C: The rise of the middle class was a significant social impact of the
Industrial Revolution.
23.A: The spinning jenny revolutionized the textile industry.
24.A: Longer work hours with fewer regulations characterized labor during
the Industrial Revolution.
25.D: The steam engine facilitated both mechanized manufacturing and
replaced animal power in transportation.
26.B: Urbanization refers to the growth of cities as a result of
industrialization.
27.C: The Industrial Revolution led to urban pollution and deforestation.
28.B: The Labor Movement arose in response to the negative effects of
industrialization on workers.
29.A: James Watt is often referred to as the "Father of the Industrial
Revolution" for his improvements to the steam engine.
30.C: The working class and the middle class emerged as significant social
classes as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
31.B: The textile industry was the first to be transformed by the Industrial
Revolution.
32.B: Steam power was the primary source of power for factories during the
early stages of the Industrial Revolution.
33.C: Capitalism advocates for a free market and minimal government
intervention.
34.B: The steam locomotive significantly improved transportation.
35.B: The Factory Acts improved working conditions and limited working
hours.
36.B: During the Industrial Revolution, children worked in harsh conditions
for minimal pay.
37.A: Karl Marx is known for advocating for the rights of factory workers.
38.B: The enclosure movement and crop rotation were major changes that
helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.
39.C: Great Britain is often credited with being the first country to
industrialize.
40.C: The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in women's participation
in the workforce, often in factories.
41.C: The Industrial Revolution primarily took place in the 19th century.
42.B: The introduction of crop rotation and selective breeding preceded the
Industrial Revolution.
43.B: Advances in medicine and public health contributed to the population
explosion.
44.B: The British government provided significant support for industrial
ventures and innovations.
45.C: Working conditions in factories were harsh and unsafe, with long
hours.
46.C: The Luddites protested against job losses due to mechanization.
47.A: The Romantic Movement emerged as a response to social changes from the
Industrial Revolution.
48.C: The telegraph advanced communication during the Industrial Revolution.
49.C: "Laissez-faire" economics advocated for minimal government
 interference in economic matters.
50.C: The Agricultural Revolution marked the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution in the United Kingdom.