ls ---> used to list files and dirs
ls -l --> list files and dirs with long format
touch test1 ---> used to create empty file
ls -lt ---> recently created files will be displayed at begining
ls -lrt --> recently created files will be displayed at the end
pwd ---> present working directory
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----
mkdir dirname ----> create dir
cd dirname ----> change directory
cd dir/dir2/
cd .. --> used to come out of directory
cd ../../.. --->
mkdir -p temp1/temp2/temp3 ---> create complete directory structure
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cat filename ---> used to check content of a file
===================================================================================
=====
vi is used to edit file
vi filename
esc --> i ---> insert
esc --> :wq! ---> save content of a file (write and quit )
esc ---> :q! --> quit without saving content
how do replace aprticular string or word in a file?
esc :%s/current-string/new-string/g
esc :%s/linux/windows/g
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Need to replace only in 4th line
esc:4s/linux/windows/g
---------------------------------------------------------
need to replace from 2nd to 4th line
esc:2,4s/linux/windows/g
-----------------------------------------------------------------
how do you replace from 2nd line to end of a file
esc:2,$s/linux/windows/g
----------------------------------------------------------------
how do set line numbers
esc : set nu --> set line numbers
esc : set nonu ---> remove line number
--------------------------------------------------
need to move cursor to particular line
esc :line_number
esc : 4 ---> cursor will move to 4th line
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
delete particular line in vi
esc press dd
---------------------------------------------------------------------
===================================================================================
=======
cp is used to copy file
cp file1 file2 ----> file1 will be copied to file2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
cp test1 temp1/temp2/temp3/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
copy dir to another dir
cp -r dir1 dir2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
cp test1 file1 test3 temp ---> copy multiple files or dirs to another dir
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how do rename file or dir?
mv file1 file2
--------------------------------------------------------
mv file1 dir2
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mv file1 file2 file3 dir1 ---> move multiple files to directory
install tree command
sudo yum install tree
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rwxr-xr--
7 5 4
chmod is used to change permission of a file or dir
chmod 777 filename
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chmod -R 777 dir
all subdirectories and files permission will be changed to 777
---------------------------------------------------------
u--> user, g--> group and o--> others
chmod u+rwx filename
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----
chown --> used change ownership of a file or a dir
chmod newowner filename
---------------------------------------------
if new onwer belongs to different group
chmod newonwer:groupname filename
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-
df -h . ----> used to check disk size
. indicates present disk
-------------------------------------------------------------
du -sh filename (disk usage)
used to check size of a file
du -sh * ---> all files and dirs size in present directory
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echo "hi how r u" is used to print
echo -e "hi\nhow r u"
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> (redirect)
used to store output of a command to file
ls -lrt > log
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> (append)
used to attach output of a command to end of a file
echo "this is linux class" >> log
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