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PTS 2025 General Studies Test Booklet

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PTS 2025 General Studies Test Booklet

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Rasheed Khan

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PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

T.B.C. : FIAS-PTS25 Test Booklet Series
Serial No.

A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
Paper – 1

Maximum Marks: 100 Time Allowed: ONE HOUR

INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU
SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS TEST BBOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE
ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ETC. IF SO,
GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOK.
2. Please note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to encode and fill in
the Roll Number and Test Booklet Series A, B, C or D carefully without
any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR
Answer Sheet. Any omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet
liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the test
booklet in the Box provided alongside. DO NOT
write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 50 items (questions). Each item is printed in
English. Each item comprises four responses (answers). You will select the
response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that
there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you
consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet
provided.
See directions in the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items
in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as
per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and
the examination has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only
the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A
CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each
question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-
third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as wrong
answer even if one of the given answers happens to be correct and there
will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left bank i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there
will be no penalty for that question.

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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[1]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.1) Consider the following developments: 2. In the Charter Act of 1853, the British
1. Establishment of Hindu College in Calcutta government abolished the salt duty based
2. Formation of Arya samaj by Swami on the popular demand of British Indian
Dayanand Saraswati Association.
3. Enactment of Vernacular Press Act by Lord Which of the statements given above is/are
Lytton correct?
How many of the developments given above a) 1 only
may have contributed to the growth of b) 2 only
modern nationalism in Indian during the 19th c) Both 1 and 2
century? d) Neither 1 nor 2
a) Only one
b) Only two Q.5) With reference to the Poona Sarvajanik
c) All three Sabha, consider the following statements:
d) None 1. It refused to participate in the Swadeshi
movement owing to its ideological
Q.2) Which of the following statements is differences.
incorrect regarding the Ilbert Bill? 2. The Sabha fought for the representation of
a) The bill was introduced during the tenure Indians in the British Parliament.
of Governor General Lord Ripon. Which of the statements given above is/are
b) The bill provided for the trial of British or correct?
European subjects in India by Indian a) 1 only
Judges. b) 2 only
c) The Amrit Bazar Patrika played a crucial c) Both 1 and 2
role in shaping nationalist consciousness in d) Neither 1 nor 2
response to the bill.
d) The bill was never passed in Central Q.6) What was the aim of the Limitation Law
Legislative Assembly due to major passed by British in 1859?
opposition from Britishers. a) Reservation of certain offices for
covenanted civil servants.
b) To check exploitation of ryots by
Q.3) Consider the following pairs:
moneylenders.
Pre-congress Founders
c) Limiting Powers of English East India
associations
Company in India.
1. Zamindari Raja Radhakanta Deb
d) To restore the legislative powers to the
Association
Bombay and Madras provinces.
2. Madras Native Gazulu Lakshminarasu
Association Chetty
Q.7) With reference to Modern Indian History,
3. East India Raja Ram Mohan Roy
consider the following statements about the
Association
Indian National Association, often known as
How many of the pairs given above are
the Indian Association:
correctly matched?
1. It was founded by Surendranath Banerjea
a) Only one
and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876.
b) Only two
2. It demanded simultaneous holding of civil
c) All three
service examination in England and India.
d) None
3. It formed ryot unions to support peasants
against the Bengal Tenancy Bill.
Q.4) With reference to British Indian Which of the statements given above is/are
Association, consider the following correct?
statements: a) 1 and 2 only
1. It was established by merging the b) 2 and 3 only
Landholders' Society and the Bengal British c) 2 and 3 only
India Society. d) 1,2 and 3

[2]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.8) With reference to Modern Indian history, Q.11) With reference to participation of women
Consider the following statements about the in Indian National Congress (INC) during the
novel ‘Anandamath’: Indian freedom struggle, consider the
1. The novel highlights the plight of the indigo following pairs:
peasants in Bengal and their exploitation by Name Participation at Indian
the British indigo planters. National Congress
2. The novel was written by Bankim Chandra 1. Kadambini The first woman President of
Chattopadhyay. Ganguly the Indian National
Which of the statements given above is/are Congress
correct? 2. Annie The first woman graduate to
a) 1 only Besant address the Indian National
b) 2 only Congress.
c) Both 1 and 2 3. Sarojini The first Indian woman
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Naidu President of the Indian
National Congress
Q.9) Consider the following personalities of How many of the pairs given above are
the Indian Freedom Struggle: correctly matched?
1. Madan Mohan Malviya a) Only one
2. M. Veeraraghavachariar b) Only two
3. S. Subramania Aiyer c) All three
4. V.D. Savarkar d) None
5. P. Ananda Charlu
Which of the personalities given above Q.12) Consider the following statements
founded the Madras Mahajan Sabha in 1884? regarding the approach of moderate leaders of
a) 1, 2 and 4 only Indian National Congress during the Indian
b) 2, 3 and 5 only National movement from 1885-1905:
c) 1, 3 and 4 only Statement-I: Methods used by the Moderate
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaders of the Indian National Congress were
prayers, petitions and the use of press to
Q.10) Consider the following statements with present the public demands to the British
reference to the first session of Indian Indian government.
National Congress (INC): Statement-II: The Moderates believed that the
1. The first session of the INC was held at British wanted to be just to Indians but were
Calcutta (Kolkata). unaware of the real conditions in the country.
2. It was presided over by Womesh Chandra Which one of the following is correct with
Bonnerjee. respect to the above statements?
Which of the statements given above is/are a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct? correct and Statement-II is the correct
a) 1 only explanation of Statement-I.
b) 2 only b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
c) Both 1 and 2 correct and Statement-II is not the correct
d) Neither 1 nor 2 explanation of Statement-I.
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
incorrect.
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
correct.

[3]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.13) With reference to the Modern Indian Q.17) Which of the following statements is
history, consider the following demands of the correct regarding the Charter Act of 1853?
moderates of the Indian National Congress a) The act elevated the Governor-General of
during late 19th Century: Bengal to the position of Governor-General
1. Protection of civil rights, including the of India.
right to free speech. b) It established a separate Governor-
2. Increase in expenditure on education General’s legislative council which came to
3. Protection of Indian labors abroad be known as the Indian (Central) Legislative
4. Greater participation of Indians in the Council.
legislative councils c) It ended the activities of the East India
How many of the above given demands for Company as a commercial body and made
constitutional reforms were conceded in it a purely administrative body.
Indian Councils Act 1892? d) It allowed the Christian missionaries to
a) Only one come to India for the first time for
b) Only two propagating Christianity, thereby providing
c) Only three legal support for their activities.
d) All four
Q.18) Consider the following leaders of Indian
Q.14) With reference to the British Viceroys' national movement:
views on the Indian National Congress, who 1. Prithwish chandra Ray
among the following described it as 'a factory 2. K.K. Mitra
of sedition' and referred to its followers as a 3. Ashwini Kumar Datta
'microscopic minority' of the Indian 4. Aurobindo Ghosh
population? Which of the above given leaders belonged to
a) Lord Curzon the Extremist faction of the Indian National
b) Lord Ripon Congress?
c) Lord Lytton a) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) Lord Dufferin b) 2 and 4 only
c) 3 and 4 only
Q.15) Who among the following established the d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Bharat Stree Mahamandal in 1910?
a) Sarala Devi Chaudhurani Q.19) “The Congress is tottering to its fall and
b) Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay one of my great ambitions while in India, is to
c) Savitribai Phule assist it to a peaceful demise.” This statement
d) Annie Besant is attributed to-
a) Lord Curzon
Q.16) “He is known as the ‘Father of b) Lord Ripon
Revolutionary Thoughts’ in India. He was c) Lord Dufferin
among the first to criticize Mahatma Gandhi d) Lord Lytton
or the ‘Gandhi cult’. His prominent books
include ‘Nationality and Empire’, ‘Indian Q.20) Consider the following statements about
Nationalism’ and ‘Swaraj and the Present the Regulating Act of 1773:
Situation’”. 1. It designated the Governor of Bengal as the
Which of the following personalities is the ‘Governor-General of Bengal’.
above paragraph referring to? 2. It provided for the establishment of a
a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak Supreme Court at Calcutta.
b) Madan Lal Dhingra Which of the statements given above is/are
c) Aurobindo Ghosh correct?
d) Bipin Chandra Pal a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

[4]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.21) Which of the following Acts provided for Which of the statements given above is/are
open competition for the appointment of civil correct?
servants, leading to the first open competitive a) 1 only
exam being held in India? b) 2 only
a) Charter Act of 1833 c) Both 1 and 2
b) Charter Act of 1853 d) Neither 1 nor 2
c) Indian Councils Act of 1861
d) Government of India Act 1858 Q.25) The Indian League was founded by which
among the following personalities?
Q.22) In 1886, this commission was established a) Mahadeo Govind Ranade
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
by Lord Dufferin for civil services reforms. It
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
recommended for eliminating the d) Sisir Kumar Ghosh
"covenanted" and "uncovenanted” categories
of civil services and proposed for classifying Q.26) Which of the following statements is/are
the civil services into three categories: correct regarding the Indian Councils Act of
Imperial Indian Civil Service, Provincial Civil 1892?
Service, and Subordinate Civil Service. The 1. The act introduced direct elections for
reference in this passage is to: constituting the legislative councils.
a) Hunter Commission 2. The legislative members were allowed to
b) Aitchison Commission vote on the budget.
c) Lee Commission 3. Legislative members were allowed to ask
d) Islington Commission supplementary questions.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
Q.23) Consider the following statements
a) 1 and 2 only
regarding the evolution of the police system in b) 2 and 3 only
British India: c) 3 only
1. The zamindars were relieved of their police d) None
functions under Lord Cornwallis.
2. The post of District Superintendent of Q.27) In the context of Modern Indian history,
Police was created to head the district consider the following statements about the
police organisation by Lord Mayo. early moderate nationalists in the 19th Century:
3. Lord William Bentinck abolished the office Statement I: The early moderate nationalists
of the Superintendent of Police and made broadened their democratic base by involving
the collector/district magistrate in charge the masses, laying the ground for future
of the police force within his jurisdiction. movements.
Which of the statements given above are Statement II: They exposed the exploitative
correct? character of colonial rule, which had
a) 1 and 2 only transformed the self-sufficient Indian
b) 2 and 3 only economy into a colonial economy.
c) 1 and 3 only Which one of the following is correct in
d) 1, 2, and 3 respect of the above statement?
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Q.24) With reference to reforms introduced by correct and Statement-II explains
Warren Hastings in the judiciary system of Statement-I
British India, consider the following b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
statements: correct, but Statement-II does not explain
1. The District Fauzdari Courts were Statement-I
abolished and replaced by Circuit Courts. c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is
2. The District Diwani Adalats were placed incorrect
under the authority of the collector, with d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II
Hindu law applied to Hindus and Muslim is correct
law applied to Muslims.

[5]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.28) With reference to the judicial reforms Which of the statements given above are
under the Cornwallis Code, consider the correct?
following statements: a) 1 and 2 only
1. It separated judicial and revenue functions b) 2 and 3 only
of district collectors by establishing District c) 1 and 3 only
Diwani Adalats and making collectors solely d) 1, 2 and 3
responsible for revenue.
2. It exempted European subjects from the Q.31) In context of Modern Indian History,
jurisdiction of Indian courts. which one of the following statements is
3. It made government officials accountable incorrect regarding “National Social
to civil courts for acts conducted in their Conference”?
official capacity. a) It was founded by Surendranath Banerjee
Which of the statements given above is/are and Anand Mohan Bose.
correct? b) Its first session was held in Madras in 1887.
a) 1 and 3 only c) It met annually as a subsidiary convention
b) 2 only of the Indian National Congress.
c) 2 and 3 only d) It launched the "Pledge Movement" to
d) 1, 2 and 3 encourage people to oppose child
marriage.
Q.29) In the context of the Modern Indian
History, consider the following events: Q.32) With reference to the Calcutta session of
1. Formation of Muslim League the Indian National Congress in 1906, consider
2. Passage of Boycott Resolution at Calcutta the following statements:
Townhall 1. The session was presided over by Bal
3. Attempt to throw bomb at Judge Kingsford Gangadhar Tilak.
by Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose. 2. A resolution on ‘Swaraj or Self-government’
Which of the following is the correct as the goal of the Congress was adopted for
chronological sequence of the above given the first time in this session.
events? Which of the statements given above is/are
a) 1-2-3 correct?
b) 1-3-2 a) 1 only
c) 2-1-3 b) 2 only
d) 3-2-1 c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.30) With reference to the Partition of Bengal
under British rule in India, consider the Q.33) Who among the following leaders
following statements: articulated the purpose of the Swadeshi and
1. The proposed partition divided Bengal into Boycott Movement as “to make the
Western Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa as one administration under present conditions
province, and Eastern Bengal with Assam as impossible by an organised refusal to do
another. anything which will help either the British
2. The official reason cited by the British commerce in the exploitation of the country
government for the partition was to or British officialdom in the administration of
counter increasing revolutionary activities it”?
in Bengal. a) Lala Lajpat Rai
3. Ajit Singh and Lajpat Rai took the anti- b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
partition movement to Punjab and other c) Surendranath Banerjee
parts of Northen India. d) Aurobindo Ghosh

[6]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.34) With reference to “Swadesh Bandhab 3. The Bengal Institute of Technology was
Samiti”, which of the following statements established to promote technical
is/are correct? education.
1. It was established by Bipin Chandra Pal. Which of the statements given above are
2. Its primary aim was to promote locally made correct?
products and boycott foreign goods in India. a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
Select the answer using the code given below:
c) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 only d) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 Q.38) This Indian freedom fighter, who was
d) Neither 1 nor 2 instrumental in spreading the Swadeshi
Movement to Madras, founded the Swadeshi
Q.35) With reference to the governance of Steam Navigation Company to break the
India during British rule, consider the British monopoly in sea trade. An
following statements: accomplished scholar, he authored his
1. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 provided autobiography in Tamil and wrote a
the right to issue an ordinance to Viceroy commentary on the ancient text Thirukural.
for the first time. Who among the following figures is described
2. The foundation of cabinet government in in the passage given above?
India was provided officially for the first a) V.O. Chidambaram Pillai
time by the Government of India Act, 1858. b) V. Krishnaswami Iyer
Which of the statements given above is/are c) G. Subramaniya Iyer
correct? d) P. Anandacharlu
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.39) With reference to the period of
c) Both 1 and 2 extremist nationalist movement in India with
d) Neither 1 nor 2 its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the
following statements is incorrect?
Q.36) In the context of Indian National a) There was a large-scale participation of
Movement, Hitabadi and Sanjibani were: students in the movement.
a) Organizations and associations formed by b) The movement failed to garner the support
the leaders of the Indian National of the Muslim peasants.
Congress. c) Women of the urban middle classes took
b) First revolutionary groups that emerged in active part in the movement.
Bengal against the oppressive British rule. d) The movement is marked by a general
c) The regional organizations formed by local absence of labour unrest.
leaders during the Home Rule League
Movement. Q.40) Which of the following statements
d) Newspapers published against the Bengal correctly reflects the reasons behind the
partition to exert pressure on the British transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi in
government. 1911 by British Government in India?
1. Delhi’s central location made it more
Q.37) Consider the following statements accessible and convenient for governance.
regarding the educational initiatives 2. Calcutta had become a hotbed of
undertaken during the Swadeshi movement: nationalist activities and anti-colonial
1. Bengal National College was established sentiments.
with Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal. Select the correct answer using the code given
2. The National Council of Education was below:
founded to develop a system of nationalist a) 1 only
education. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

[7]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.41) With reference to the activities and the b) 2 and 3 only

ideology of the Extremists during the Indian c) 1 and 3 only
freedom struggle, consider the following d) 1, 2 and 3
statements:
1. The Extremists aimed at getting swaraj Q.44) Consider the following statements about
from British rule through passive resistance Anushilan Samiti:
like boycotts, strikes, etc. 1. P. Mitra and Satish Chandra Bose were its
2. The activities of the extremists were mostly founding members.
inspired by the western ideas of liberalism, 2. It was a Secret Society that started the
democracy, and equality. weekly newspaper 'Yugantar.'
3. They did not have much faith in the 3. Hemchandra Kanungo, who set up bomb
capacity of the masses to participate and manufacturing unit at Maniktala in
make sacrifice for self-rule movements. Calcutta, was a member of the Anushilan
Which of the statements given above is/are Samiti.
correct? Which of the statements given above are
a) 1 only correct?
b) 1 and 3 only a) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 only b) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Q.42) With reference to Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
consider the following statements: Q.45) With reference to the response of Indian
Statement I: In 1908, Tilak was sentenced to nationalists to the British participation in the
six years of imprisonment under the charges First World War, which of the following
of sedition. statements are correct?
Statement II: Tilak was charged with sedition 1. Moderates supported the British in the war
for writing an article ‘Shivaji’s Utterances’. as a matter of duty.
Which one of the following is correct in 2. Extremists like Tilak opposed the British,
respect of the statements given above? believing that Britishers were fighting to
a) Both statement -I and statement -II are safeguard their own colonies and markets.
correct and statement -II is the correct 3. The revolutionaries decided to liberate
explanation for statement -I. India by waging a war against British rule.
b) Both statement -I and statement -II are Select the correct answer using the code given
correct and statement -II is not the correct below:
explanation for statement -I. a) 1 and 2 only
c) Statement -I is correct but statement -II is b) 2 and 3 only
incorrect. c) 1, 2 and 3
d) Statement -I is incorrect but statement -II d) 1 and 3 only
is correct.
Q.46) ‘Anjuman-i-Mohisban-i-Watan' was a
Q.43) Which of the following were among the secret society formed to support the
provisions of the Morley Minto reforms of agitations against the Punjab Land
1909? Colonization Bill of 1906. Who among the
1. Indians were provided representation in following personalities was the founder of this
the Viceroy’s executive council. secret society?
2. Bicameralism at the centre was introduced a) Syed Haider Raza
for the first time in India. b) Ajit Singh
3. Muslims were granted separate electorates c) Nawab Mohsin-Ul-Mulk
in the central legislative council. d) Bhagat Singh
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
a) 1 and 2 only

[8]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.47) With reference to the Indian Freedom Q.50) With reference to the Berlin Committee,
Struggle "Zimmerman Plan” was related to: later known as Indian Independence
a) Creating a Pan-Indian insurrection against Committee, consider the following statements:
the British Empire during World War I. 1. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya was one of
b) A British strategy to economically uplift its founding members.
rural areas in India after The Bengal famine 2. Its primary objective was to organize an
of 1943. armed invasion of British India to liberate
c) A German plan to disrupt British rule by the country.
supporting Indian revolutionary activities 3. It was initially named Pacific Coast
abroad during World War II. Hindustan Association.
d) A political strategy of Indian moderate Which of the statements given above is/are
leaders to gain independence through correct?
negotiations with Britain. a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
Q.48) Consider the following statements about c) 1 and 3 only
Indian revolutionary activities abroad: d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Madam Bhikhaji Cama published a journal
titled 'The Indian Sociologist' in Paris.
2. Shyamji Krishna Varma started the Indian
Home Rule Society in London in 1905.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.49) With reference to the Ghadar Party,

consider the following statements:
1. It was a revolutionary group organized with
its headquarters in San Francisco.
2. Lala Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna
were among the prominent leaders of the
party.
3. The leaders associated with Ghadar party
established the 'Swadesh Sevak Home' at
Vancouver to carry out revolutionary
activities.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

[9]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.1)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Modern nationalism in India began to develop in the 19th century during British colonial rule. It emerged
both because of colonial policies and as a reaction against them. The various factors contributed to
evolution of modern Nationalism in India is (i) Worldwide upsurge of the concepts of nationalism, (ii)
Indian Renaissance, (iii) Offshoot of modernisation initiated by the British in India, (iv) Strong reaction to
British imperialist policies in India.
Option 1 is correct: The introduction of a modern system of education supported the opportunities for
assimilation of modern Western ideas in India. This, in turn, gave a new direction to Indian political
thinking. The Hindu College established in Calcutta in 1817 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and David Hare
provided the courses in Indian learning and Western education. Thus, it contributed to the awakening
of modern nationalism in India.
Option 2 is correct: The socio-religious reform movements that emerged in India in the 19th century
aimed to eliminate social evils that divided Indian society. These movements helped unite different
sections of society and played a significant role in the growth of Indian nationalism. The Arya Samaj,
founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 encouraged the spirit of Indian nationalism by
instilling pride in India's cultural heritage and promoting social and political consciousness among
Indians.
Option 3 is correct: Reactionary Policies and Racial Arrogance of British in India was one of the
reasons for rise of Modern Nationalism in India. Vernacular Press Act (1878) introduced by Lord Lytton
(1876-1880) was a repressive measure imposed by the British colonial government to curb the freedom of
the Indian press, particularly targeting the vernacular newspapers. This discriminatory policy against
Indian-language publications caused the growth of modern nationalism in India.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A – Chapter 10 -Beginning of Modern Nationalism in
India.
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20347/1/Unit-26.pdf
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess301.pdf
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.2)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
In 1883, the British government in India proposed the bill for Criminal Procedure Code Amendment, or
Ilbert Bill, which aimed to establish equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
Option a is correct: The bill was introduced by Sir Courtenay Ilbert in 1883, who was the Law Member of
the Viceroy’s Council during the tenure of Lord Ripon (1880-1884).
Option b is correct: The bill proposed the trial of British or European individuals by Indian judges and
aimed to establish legal equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
Option c is correct: The Amrita Bazar Patrika, a foremost nationalist newspaper published from Kolkata
in West Bengal, played a crucial role in shaping nationalist consciousness during the Ilbert Bill
controversy. The Amrita Bazar Patrika was founded in 1868 by brothers Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal
Ghosh.

[1]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Option d is incorrect: In January 1884 Lord Ripon ultimately succumbed to the pressure and withdrew
the bill, substituting it with a milder compromise formula. It preserved the principle by adding a
provision of trial by a mixed jury in such cases involving European offenders and it was passed in
Central Legislative Assembly.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A- Chapter 10 -Beginning of Modern Nationalism in
India, https://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/hess205.pdf
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?12234
https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheIlbertBill_10668022.pdf
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.3)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Pair 1 is correct: Radhakant Deb along with Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Dwarkanath Tagore founded
Zamindar Association (also known as 'Landholders' Society) in 1836. It was later merged with British India
Society in 1851 to form British India Association.
Pair 2 is correct: Madras Native Association was Formed by Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty in 1849 in
Madras Presidency. It was the First Political Organisation in Madras.
Pair 3 is incorrect: East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London in 1866. The
main goal was to make the people of UK aware about the conditions in India and generate a popular
support among British People for Indian Welfare.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A- Chapter 10 -Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
School of Distance Education (uoc.ac.in)
Digital District Repository Detail | Digital District Repository | History Corner | Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav,
Ministry of Culture, Government of India
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.4)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
British Indian Association was created after amalgamating the “Landholders Society” and “British India
Society” on 31 October 1851. This was the first political organization that brought the Indians together.
The President of the first committee of this organization was Raja Radhakanta Deb, while Debendranath
Tagore was its secretary.
Statement 1 is correct: The Zamindari Association, commonly known as the 'Landholders' Society,' was
established to protect the interests of landlords in 1836. Meanwhile, the Bengal British India Society,
founded in 1843, aimed to collect and disseminate information about the actual conditions of the people
in British India. In 1851, both the Landholders' Society and the Bengal British India Society merged to
form the British Indian Association.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The British Indian Association sent a petition to the British Parliament
demanding
1) establishment of a separate legislature of a popular character;
2) separation of executive from judicial functions;

[2]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

3) reduction in salaries of higher officers; and

4) abolition of salt duty, abkari and stamp duties.
These were partially accepted when the Charter Act of 1853 provided for the addition of six members
to the governor-general’s council for legislative purposes. But the salt duty was not abolished by the
British government in 1853. The salt tax was finally abolished only in October 1946 by the Interim
Government of India.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A- Chapter 10 -Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
https://biakolkata.com/
Remember the Salt Tax, anyone? - The Hindu BusinessLine
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.5)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was one of the strongest political organizations of 19th century India. It was
launched on 02 April 1870 in the Pune district of Maharashtra. It was the result of the labour of many
great men like G V Joshi, S H Sathe, and S H Chiplonkar. Fresh vigour and energy were infused into the
Sabha in November 1871 with the entry of Mahadev Govind Ranade. The Sabha was intended to be a
mediating body between the government and the Indians. The leaders of the Sabha took public
grievances to the British Government, and used the it as a platform to arouse patriotic sentiments among
the masses.Statement 1 is incorrect: The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha took the lead in organising the
Swadeshi Movement in the Pune district, wherein members vowed not to use any foreign products. In
fact, it played an instrumental role in organising the Swadeshi movement in the Bombay presidency.
Statement 2 is correct: In 1875, the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha submitted a petition to the House of
Commons demanding the representation of India in the British Parliament. Therefore, it is true that
the Sabha fought for the representation of Indians in the British Parliament.
Knowledge Base:
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha established arbitration courts (nyayn sabhas) for the private settlement of
civil disputes, to save people from huge litigation expenses.
Source: https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?8848
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.6)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
Statement a is incorrect: The Indian Civil Service Act, 1861 mentioned that the examination was to be
conducted in England in English language, based on classical learning of Greek and Latin and it reserved
certain offices for covenanted civil Servants.
Statement b is correct: - The Limitation Act was passed by the British in 1859. It aimed to check the
exploitation of ryots by moneylenders and the accumulation of interest over time. It mandated that the
loan agreement signed between moneylenders and ryots would be valid only for a period of three years.
Statement c is incorrect: The Government of India Act 1858 was enacted to subsume and transfer of all
the powers of the EEIC under British Crown.

[3]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement d is incorrect: The Indian Council Act 1861 restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and
Madras Presidencies that had been taken away by the Regulating Act of 1773. It thus reversed the
centralising tendency that started from the Regulating Act of 1773 and reached its climax under the
Charter Act of 1833.
Knowledge Baase:
The Ryotwari system had a number of impacts on the relations between raiyats and the landed magnates.
One of the most significant impacts was that it weakened the power of the landed magnates. Under the
Zamindari system, the zamindars had been very powerful, and they had often exploited the cultivators.
The Ryotwari system, by making the cultivators directly responsible to the government, reduced the
power of the zamindars and gave the cultivators more power.
Another impact of the Ryotwari system was that it led to increased friction between the raiyats and the
landed magnates. This was because the raiyats were now responsible for paying land revenue directly to
the government, and they often felt that they were being overtaxed. The landed magnates, on the other
hand, felt that they were losing out on revenue, and they often tried to pressure the raiyats to pay more
than they owed. This led to a number of disputes between the raiyats and the landed magnates, which
sometimes turned violent
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs3=1-6
https://cbc.gov.in/cbcdev/crown/crown2.html#:~:text=It%20restored%20the%20legislative%20power
s,the%20Charter%20Act%20of%201833.
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.7)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The younger nationalists of Bengal, led by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand
Mohan Bose, founded the Indian National Association in 1876, who were getting discontented with the
conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association.
Statement 2 is correct: Till 1878, the ICS examinations were held only in England. Indian National
Association demanded simultaneous holding of civil service examination in England and India as it
would make more feasible for Indian candidates to take the exams without the need to travel abroad.
Statement 3 is correct: In the early I880s, during the discussion of the Bengal Tenancy Bill, the Indian
Association, led by Surendranath Banerjee, Anand Mohan Bose and Dwarkanath Ganguli, campaigned for
the rights of tenants, helped form ryot’ unions, and organized huge meetings of up to 20,000 peasants
in the districts in to make it more pro-tenant.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A- Chapter 10 -Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
India’s struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra.
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.8)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
During India's freedom struggle, literature played a crucial role in igniting nationalistic sentiments and
spreading awareness about British oppression.

[4]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 1 is incorrect. Anandamath is based on the Sanyasi Revolt, which arose from the devastating
1770 famine and oppressive British economic policies. Initially led by peasants, the revolt gained
momentum with small zamindars, disbanded soldiers, and the rural poor. They raided Company factories
and treasuries, challenging British forces until Warren Hastings eventually subdued them after prolonged
conflict.
Statement 2 is correct. Anandamath, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, is a significant novel
that includes the famous patriotic song Vande Mataram, which has become an enduring symbol of India's
freedom struggle.
Knowledge Base:
"Nil Darpan" is a Bengali play by Dinabandhu Mitra, written in 1858-59. It vividly depicts the harsh
exploitation of Indigo farmers during the Indigo Revolt in Bengal. The play played a crucial role in raising
awareness and protest against the oppressive practices of British indigo planters.
Source: Pg. 10, A Brief History of Modern Indian. Rajiv Ahir.
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/19933/3/Unit-9.pdf
https://forumias.com/blog/question/anandamath-a-semi-historical-novel-by-bankim-chandra-
chattopadhyay-is-based-on-which-of-the-following-civil-uprising/
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.9)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The Madras Mahajana Sabha, a regional political organization and the forerunner of the Indian National
Congress, was founded in May 1884 at Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road in Madras district (present-day
Chennai) by M Veeraraghavachariar, G Subramania Iyer, and P Ananda Charlu.
The aim was to liberate the nation from British rule and resolve national issues, as stated at the Adayar
Theosophical Society conference. The first president of this Sabha was P Rangaiah Naidu. In April 1930,
the Madras Mahajana Sabha launched the Salt Satyagraha in George Town, Esplanade, High Court, and
Beach neighborhoods (all localities in Madras). It also participated in the 1942 Quit India Movement, which
resulted in several members being brutally beaten and imprisoned by British authorities.
Source: A Brief History of Modern Indian by Rajiv Ahir.
The Madras Mahajana Sabha (1884) | INDIAN CULTURE
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.10)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
By the late 1870s and early 1880s, the groundwork for an all-India organization was laid. A.O. Hume, a
retired English civil servant, brought this idea to fruition by mobilizing leading intellectuals and
organizing the first session of the Indian National Congress.
Statement 1 is incorrect. On 28 December 1885, 72 social reformers, journalists and lawyers congregated
for the first session of Indian National Congress at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.

[5]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is correct. The first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was presided by
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee , marking the beginning of organized political activity on a national scale in
India.
Source: Pg. 247, A Brief History of Modern Indian. Rajiv Ahir.
https://inc.in/brief-history-of-congress
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-Foundation
Subtopic:)

Q.11)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Pair 1 is incorrect. Kadambini Ganguly was the first woman graduate of Calcutta University and one of
the first Indian women to address a Congress session. She made history by speaking at the INC session
in 1890, marking a significant milestone in the participation of women in the Indian freedom movement.
The 1890 INC session at Calcutta, presided by Pherozeshah Mehta.
Pair 2 is incorrect. Annie Besant, a prominent theosophist and social reformer, became the first
woman President of the Indian National Congress during its 1917 session in Calcutta. This session was
significant for advocating Home Rule for India and marked a pivotal moment in the Indian independence
movement
Pair 3 is correct. Sarojini Naidu, known as the "Nightingale of India," became the first Indian woman to
preside over the Indian National Congress in 1925 at Kanpur. A prominent freedom fighter and poet, she
played a crucial role in India's independence movement and later became the first woman Governor of
Uttar Pradesh.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/research/the-forgotten-legacy-of-kadambini-ganguly-
indias-first-woman-doctor-9458675/
https://forumias.com/blog/question/consider-the-following-statements-with-respect-to-indian-
freedom-struggle-1-the-first-session-of-the-indian-national-congress-was-attended-by-72-delegates-
2-kadambini-ganguly-the-first-woman-grad/
https://inc.in/brief-history-of-congress/1915-1925
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-Foundation
Subtopic:)

Q.12)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
National leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozshah Mehta, D.E. Wacha, W.C. Bonnerjea, and S.N.
Banerjea, who led Indian National Congress policies from 1885 to 1905, were strong advocates of
liberalism and moderate politics. They became known as Moderates, distinguishing them from the early
twentieth-century Extremists or neo-nationalists within the Congress.
Statement-I is correct. The Moderates, who led the Indian National Congress from 1885 to 1905, believed
in a constitutional approach to political agitation. Their methods involved submitting petitions, passing
resolutions, holding meetings, and using the press to build public opinion. They sought to present Indian
demands to the British government through lawful and peaceful means, avoiding confrontation.
Statement-II is correct and is the correct explanation for statement I. The Moderates’ faith in British
justice and their belief that the British were unaware of India’s true conditions led them to adopt a

[6]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

strategy of prayers, petitions, and constitutional agitation. They aimed to educate the British
authorities and build public opinion in Britain about India’s issues, hoping that this would lead to gradual
reforms and improved governance in India. This strategy reflects their moderate stance, avoiding direct
confrontation and believing in the possibility of positive change through dialogue and persuasion.
Source: A Brief History of Modern Indian. Rajiv Ahir. Chapter - Indian National Congress
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase and the Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.13)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The moderate political activity involved constitutional agitation within the confines of law and showed
slow but orderly political progress. To achieve these ends, they worked on a two-pronged methodology—
one, create a strong public opinion to arouse consciousness and national spirit and then educate and
unite people on common political questions; and two, persuade the British Government and British
public opinion to introduce reforms in India on the lines laid out by the nationalists.
Option 1 is incorrect. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 did not address civil rights, such as the right to
free speech. Instead, the Act primarily focused on enlarging the legislative councils and providing for
limited Indian participation through a modest increase in representation.
Option 2 is incorrect. The Act did not specifically mention increasing expenditure on education.
Educational reforms and funding were not a primary focus of the 1892 Act.
Option 3 is incorrect. The protection of Indian laborers abroad was not a provision in the Indian
Councils Act of 1892.
Option 4 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 allowed for increased Indian participation in
legislative councils. It increased the number of seats and introduced the principle of indirect election for
some seats, thus providing more representation to Indians. However official majority remained.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir- Chapter 11 - Indian National Congress
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase and the Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.14)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Lord Dufferin (1884-1888) was the Viceroy of India during the formative years of the Indian National
Congress. The Congress was established in 1885, and although it aimed to work within the framework of
British rule to seek moderate reforms, Dufferin viewed it with suspicion. He dismissed the INC as being
unrepresentative of the broader Indian population, labeling it a "microscopic minority." Furthermore, he
accused it of inciting sedition, a term used to describe activities aimed at undermining the authority of
the government.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir- Chapter 11 - Indian National Congress
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-Foundation
Subtopic:)

[7]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.15)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Bharat Stree Mahamandal was a women's organization in India founded by Sarala Devi Chaudhurani in
Allahabad in 1910. One of the primary goals of the organization was to promote female education, which
at that time was not well developed. The organization opened several offices in Lahore (then part of
undivided India), Allahabad, Delhi, Karachi, Amritsar, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Bankura, Hazaribagh, Midnapur
and Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) to improve the situation of women all over India.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir (Spectrum)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.16)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Bipin Chandra Pal was a well-known freedom fighter of India and was famous as one of the triumvirates
of the three revolutionary patriots popularly known as ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’. He is known as the ‘Father of
Revolutionary Thoughts’ in India.
• Bipin Chandra Pal joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1902.
• He published a number of journals, weekly and books to spread Swaraj. His prominent books include
‘Nationality and Empire’, ‘Indian nationalism’ , ‘Swaraj and the Present Situation’, ‘The Soul of
India’, ‘The Basis of Social Reform’ , ‘The Hinduism’ and ‘The New Spirit’.
• He also started journals like ‘Paridarsak’, ‘New India’, ‘Bande Mataram’ and ‘Swaraj’. He was also the
founder editor of the English weekly ‘India’ in 1901 and as the founder editor of the English daily
‘Bande Mataram’ in the year 1906 which was banned later by the government.
• He was among the first to criticize Mahatma Gandhi or the ‘Gandhi cult’ as it sought to replace the
present government by no government or by the priestly autocracy of the Mahatma.
Source: Spectrum C-12
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.17)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The Charter Act of 1853 was considered a vital constitutional landmark. Indian(central) legislative council
was established. Legislation, for the first time, was treated as a special function of the government,
requiring special machinery and special processes. Local representation was introduced in the Indian
(Central) Legislative Council. The covenanted civil service was made available to Indians as well.
Option a is incorrect: Charter Act of 1833 was the terminal step towards centralization in British India.
The act elevated the Governor-General of Bengal to the position of Governor-General of India, giving
him complete civil and military authority.
Option b is correct: Charter Act of 1853 established a separate Governor-General’s legislative council
which came to be known as the Indian (Central) Legislative Council and provided for the addition of six
new members called legislative councilors to the council. This legislative wing of the council functioned
as a mini-Parliament, adopting the same procedures as the British Parliament.
Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | [email protected] | [email protected]

[8]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Option c is incorrect: Charter Act of 1833 ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial
body, which became a purely administrative body. It provided that the Company’s territories in India
were held by it ‘in trust for His Majesty, His heirs and successors’.
Option d is incorrect: Charter Act of 1813, for the first time, officially allowed Christian missionaries
to come to India for the purpose of propagating Christianity. The Act officially permitted British
missionaries to enter and operate in India, thereby providing legal support for their activities.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir- Constitutional, administrative and judicial
developments
https://cbc.gov.in/cbcdev/british/british3.html
https://cbc.gov.in/cbcdev/british/british4.html#:~:text=It%20was%20considered%20a%20vital,special
%20machinery%20and%20special%20process.
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.18)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
During the Indian National Movement, the Indian National Congress (INC) was divided into two main
factions: the Moderates and the Extremists.
1) The Moderates were active from the late 19th century until the early 20th century. They believed in
constitutional methods of protest and sought reforms in India within the framework of British rule.
Their approach was characterized by petitions, resolutions, and discussions in legislative councils.
Notable leaders of the Moderate faction included Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale,
Pherozeshah Mehta., K.K. Mitra. (Hence option 2 is incorrect) and Prithwishchandra Ray. (Hence,
option 1 is incorrect)
2) However, the Extremist faction emerged in Congress in the early 20th century, especially after the
partition of Bengal in 1905. They were disillusioned by the limited successes of the Moderates and
believed that more direct and aggressive methods were needed to achieve self-rule. The Extremists
advocated for swadeshi (use of Indian-made goods), boycott of British goods, and Swaraj from
British rule. Prominent leaders of the Extremist faction included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra
Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghosh. (Hence option 4 is correct) and Ashwini Kumar Datta (Hence
option 3 is correct).
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir-Chapter 12- Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25585
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase and the Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.19)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Lord Curzon made this statement in 1900 when he was the Viceroy of India. He was referring to the
Indian National Congress, which was the largest political organization in India at that time and was
demanding greater autonomy and self-rule for India.
Lord Curzon's statement suggests that he saw the Congress as a threat to British rule in India and wanted
to see it weakened and eventually dissolved. His use of the term "peaceful demise" implies that he hoped

[9]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

to achieve this through non-violent means, such as political maneuvering and suppression of dissent.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A INC: Foundation, the Moderate Phase
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase and the Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.20)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The Regulating Act of 1773 was a British parliamentary legislation that marked the first attempt to
regulate and control the East India Company's (EIC) administration in India.It curtailed the EIC's
autonomy, laying the foundation for British governance in India.
Statement 1 is correct: The Regulating Act of 1773 designated the Governor of Bengal as the "Governor-
General of Bengal." Warren Hastings was the first to be appointed to this position. The Act aimed to
centralize the administration of British India by giving the Governor-General of Bengal authority over the
Governors of Madras and Bombay in matters of war, diplomacy, and revenue.
Statement 2 is correct: The Regulating Act of 1773 also provided for the establishment of a Supreme
Court at Calcutta, which was established in 1774. The court was meant to serve as a court of record, with
jurisdiction over the British subjects in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. It marked a significant step in the British
legal administration in India.
Knowledge Base: Centralized Administration: The Act established a centralized administrative system in
Bengal, with a Governor-General and a four-member council to oversee civil and military government.
Decisions were made by majority rule, with Warren Hastings appointed as the first Governor-General.
1) Control over Indian Affairs: The Company’s directors were required to submit all correspondence
related to revenue, civil, and military matters to the British government, granting the British cabinet
its first control over Indian affairs.
2) Governor-General’s Authority: The Governor-General was given some oversight powers over
Bombay and Madras, though the vague provisions led to difficulties in governance.
3) 1781 Amendments: Amendments in 1781 clarified the Supreme Court's jurisdiction within Calcutta,
granted immunity to government servants for actions taken in official capacity, and ensured the
respect of local social and religious customs.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A, Constitutional Administrative and Judicial
Developments till 1915
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.21)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1833 was significant as it centralized the administration of India
under the British Crown by making the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India.
However, it did not introduce open competition for civil service appointments. It did, however, lay the
groundwork for future reforms by stating that Indians should not be excluded from holding office in the
Company’s service.
Option b is correct: The Charter Act of 1853 was the first to introduce the concept of open competition
for the recruitment of civil servants in British India. It removed the patronage system where

[10]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

appointments were made based on recommendations. Instead, it provided for a competitive examination
system to select candidates based on merit. The first open competitive exam for the Indian Civil Service
(ICS) was held in London in 1855, and later, this system was extended to India.
Option c is incorrect: The Indian Councils Act of 1861 mainly focused on the reintroduction of legislative
councils and allowing Indians to participate in the law-making process. It did not deal with the
recruitment of civil servants through open competition.
Option d is incorrect: The Government of India Act 1858 transferred the powers of the East India
Company to the British Crown following the Revolt of 1857. It restructured the administration of India
but did not specifically address the issue of open competitive exams for civil services.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A Constitutional Administrative and Judicial
Developments till 1915
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.22)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The Indian Civil Service (ICS) was the elite administrative service in British India, comprising British
officers who governed and administered the country. It played a crucial role in maintaining British rule,
with ICS officers holding key positions in government, law, and order, and revenue administration.
Option a is incorrect: Hunter Commission emphasized the need for the promotion of primary
education in vernacular languages and recommended grants-in-aid for schools. It also suggested that
secondary education should be more focused on creating a class of educated Indians to assist in
administration.
Option b is correct: The Aitchison Committee, established by Lord Dufferin in 1886, was tasked with
reviewing the public services in India. It brought forth significant reforms aimed at restructuring the
civil services to make them more efficient and equitable. The committee recommended:
1) Elimination of the terms "covenanted" and "uncovenanted": These terms were previously used to
differentiate between higher-ranking and lower-ranking civil servants. By abolishing these
distinctions, the committee aimed to streamline the classification of civil services.
2) Classification of civil services into three categories:
3) Imperial Indian Civil Service (IICS): For this category, examinations were to be held in England,
targeting the highest ranks in the civil service.
4) Provincial Civil Service (PCS): Examinations for this service were to be conducted in India, and it was
meant to fill the ranks just below the Imperial Civil Service.
5) Subordinate Civil Service (SCS): Also examined in India, this category was for lower-ranking
positions within the civil service.
6) Raising the age limit: The committee suggested raising the maximum age limit for entry into these
services to 23, allowing more individuals the opportunity to qualify for these positions.
Option c is incorrect: Lee Commission recommended to achieve a 50:50 ratio of European to Indian
recruits in the Indian Civil Service (ICS) within 15 years through direct recruitment, ensuring equal
representation and opportunities for both groups. A significant step towards increasing Indian
participation in higher administrative services. It also suggested the introduction of an exam in India for
recruiting Indians to higher services.

[11]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Option d is incorrect: Islington Commission recommended a gradual increase in the proportion of

Indians in higher civil services, aiming to ensure that one-third of all posts were held by Indians.
However, it did not significantly alter the recruitment process.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv A, Constitutional Administrative and Judicial
Developments till 1915
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.23)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The police system in British India was established to maintain law and order, primarily to serve
colonial interests. Officers were mostly British, with Indians in lower ranks. The force was used to
maintain colonial rule, suppress dissent, and enforce law and order, often with excessive force and bias.
Statement 1 is correct: Lord Cornwallis introduced a modernized police system in India by reviving the
traditional Indian "thana" (circle) system, where a district was divided into smaller units under a
"daroga" (Indian officer).He also appointed a Superintendent of Police (SP) to oversee each district, while
also relieving zamindars (landowners) of their police responsibilities, thereby separating law
enforcement from revenue collection.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The post of District Superintendent of Police was created to head the police
organisation in a district under Lord Cornwallis not Mayo.
Lord Mayo's appointment of a Superintendent of Police (SP) for each division, assisted by a network of
spies (goyendas), aimed to enhance law enforcement. However, the system was marred by the goyendas'
abusive behavior, leading to exploitation and depredations against the local population, ultimately
undermining the reform's intended benefits.
Statement 3 is correct: Governor-General Bentinck (1828-1835) introduced changes to the police force
by abolishing the Superintendent of Police (SP) office, empowering the Collector/Magistrate to head
the police force in their jurisdiction. He designated the Commissioner in each division as the SP, but this
reorganization led to a poorly structured police force, placing an excessive burden on the
Collector/Magistrate, prompting the separation of duties in Presidency towns.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir, Constitutional Administrative and Judicial
Developments till 1915
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.24)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Warren Hastings (1772-1785) took charge as the governor-general at a critical period of British rule when
the British were to encounter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad. Warren
hastings has done various reforms in different aspects of administration.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Warren Hastings (1772–85) set up District Fauzdari Adalats to try criminal
disputes and were placed under an Indian officer assisted by qazis and muftis. Lord Cornwallis (1786–93)
abolished District Fauzdari Adalats and, instead, circuit courts were established at Calcutta, Dacca,
Murshidabad, and Patna.

[12]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is correct: District Diwani Adalats were established in each district to adjudicate civil
disputes. These courts were placed under the authority of the collector, with Hindu law applied to
Hindus and Muslim law to Muslims. Appeals from the District Diwani Adalats were directed to the Sadar
Diwani Adalat, which operated under the supervision of a president and two members of the Supreme
Council.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir
Ch- Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.25)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The Indian League was started in Calcutta in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh. It was set up with the object of
stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people and encouraging political education.
Knowledge Base: Sisir Kumar Ghosh:
• He was the founder of the Amrita Bazar Patrika, a noted Bengali language newspaper in 1868.
• He later established an English High School, a Night school, a Girls' school, a free clinic, a post-office,
in his village.
• He was also engaged in literary pursuits. Notable among his books: Srikalachand Geeta (1896),
Sangeet Shastra (1869); Naisho Rupea (1873) and Bazarer Larhai (1874)
Source: Modern History, Spectrum, Chapter 10, Pg. 244-245
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?4978
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.26)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Indian Councils Act, 1892 did introduce a limited form of election in
Central or provincial legislative councils. However, no form of direct election was introduced. Though
the term ‘election’ was firmly avoided in the Act, an element of indirect election was accepted in the
selection of some of the non-official members. The non-official members of the Indian legislative council
were to be nominated by the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and provincial legislative councils. The
members could be recommended by universities, municipalities, zamindars and chambers of commerce.
So, the principle of indirect election was introduced.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The act provided that the budget could be discussed but it could not be voted
upon, nor any amendment could be made to the budget. The members of the legislatures were only
entitled to express their views upon financial statements which were henceforth to be made on the floor
of the legislatures. The members could not bring in any resolution, nor demand a vote on any resolution
proposed by the government.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The members were allowed to put questions within certain limits to the
executive on matters of public interest after giving six days’ notice. But Supplementary questions could
not be asked, nor could answers to any questions be discussed.
Knowledge Base:

[13]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

The Indian Councils Act, 1892, increased the number of members of the Imperial Legislative Council as
well as Provincial councils but officials retained their majority in the council.
Source: Modern History, Spectrum, Chapter 26, Pg. 508
From Plassey to Partition, Sekhar Bandopadhyay, Chapter 5, Pg. 228-229
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.27)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The Moderates were the early leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC) during the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. Their approach to the struggle for India's independence was characterized reliance
on constitutional methods to achieve political reforms.
Statement I is incorrect: The early nationalists, primarily the Moderates, focused on engaging the
educated middle class rather than the masses. They aimed to create a strong foundation for future
movements by advocating for political reforms and greater Indian participation in governance.
Statement II is correct: Moderate leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji highlighted the economic drain theory,
showing how British policies led to the exploitation of India’s resources. This transformation turned
India from a self-sufficient economy into one that served British economic interests.
Hence Statement I is incorrect, and Statement II is correct.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir- Chapter 11 - Indian National Congress
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase and the Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.28)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The Cornwallis Code is a body of legislation enacted in 1793 by the East India Company to improve the
governance of its territories in India. The Code was developed under the guidance of Charles, Marquess
Cornwallis, who served as Governor General of Bengal from 1786 to 1793.
Statement 1 is correct: One of the key reforms under Lord Cornwallis was the clear separation between
revenue collection and the administration of justice. Cornwallis wanted Separation of Power, and the
Cornwallis Code divested the collector of all the judicial and the magisterial powers. Thus, the Collectors
were given only the power of the revenue administration according to the Cornwallis Code. A new class
of officers called the District Judge was created to preside over the district Civil Court. The district judge
was also given the magisterial and the police function.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Under the Cornwallis Code, European subjects were not exempted from the
jurisdiction of Indian courts. In fact, one of the significant aspects of Cornwallis' reforms was that
European subjects, who previously enjoyed a degree of immunity from local courts, were brought under
the jurisdiction of Indian courts.
Statement 3 is correct: Under Cornwallis code, the Government officials were answerable to the civil
courts for actions done in their official capacity. By making them answerable to civil courts, Cornwallis
aimed to curb abuse of power and ensure that justice was served, even when dealing with government
personnel.

[14]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir Chapter- Constitutional Administrative and Judicial
Developments till 1915
Additional Reading: https://www.geetalawcollege.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Legal-History-
B.A.LLB-2ND-SEM-1.pdf
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.29)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The correct chronological order as they happened during British rule in India is as follows:
Event 2. Formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement (1905): On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the
Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall, the formal proclamation of
Swadeshi Movement was made. The resolution was passed at a meeting held at the Calcutta Townhall in
1905. This meeting was attended by prominent leaders like Surendranath Banerjee, who played a crucial
role in advocating for the boycott of British goods and the promotion of Swadeshi products.
Event 1. Formation of Muslim League (1906): The All-India Muslim League was established on December
30, 1906, in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) by a group of Muslim leaders, including Nawab Salimullah and Aga
Khan III. The League was founded to represent the political interests of Muslims in British India, promote
loyalty to the British government, and protect Muslim rights in the face of increasing Hindu political
influence.
Event 3. Attempt to throw bomb at Judge Kingsford by Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose (1908): In
1908, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose attempted to assassinate Judge Kingsford by throwing a bomb at
a carriage they believed he was in, in Muzaffarpur. However, Kingsford was not in the carriage, and
tragically, two British women were killed instead. Prafulla Chaki took his own life, while Khudiram Bose
was captured, tried, and executed by hanging.
Source: Spectrum- Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India/ First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.30)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The British Raj partitioned Bengal in 1905, dividing it into West Bengal and Eastern Bengal and Assam. The
partition was announced by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, on July 20, 1905, and came into effect on
October 16, 1905.
Statement 1 is correct: The British government proposed the partition of Bengal in 1903, which was
officially carried out in 1905. The plan was to divide the large and populous province of Bengal into two
separate provinces:
Western Bengal: This would include parts of Bengal along with the provinces of Bihar and Orissa.
Calcutta, the capital of British India at that time, would remain the capital of this province.
Eastern Bengal and Assam: This new province would consist of Eastern Bengal and the Assam region. The
city of Dacca (now Dhaka) was designated as the capital of Eastern Bengal.

[15]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is incorrect: The British government officially cited the reason for the partition as
administrative efficiency, claiming that Bengal was too large to be governed effectively as a single
province.
Statement 3 is correct: Ajit Singh and Lala Lajpat Rai were prominent leaders who played significant
roles in spreading the anti-partition agitation beyond Bengal. They extended the movement to Punjab
and other parts of Northern India, making it a broader national issue against British colonial policies.
Source: Spectrum- Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/on-this-day-118-years-ago-bengal-was-partitioned-for-the-
first-time/articleshow/101981453.cms
https://www.thehindu.com/children/the-fate-of-bengal/article68515570.ece
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India/ First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.31)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: The National Social Conference was founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao
in 1887. It was a social reform organization that aimed to promote social reform and address social issues
like child marriage, widow remarriage, and women's education.
Option b is correct: The first session of the National Social Conference indeed took place in Madras
(now Chennai) in December 1887. The Conference was established as a platform to discuss and address
various social issues in India, and it held its first meeting shortly after the formation of the Indian National
Congress in 1885.
Option c is correct: The National Social Conference met annually at the same time and location as the
Indian National Congress sessions. It Conference met annually as a subsidiary convention of the Indian
National Congress. It was not formally a part of the Congress but functioned as a parallel organization
focused on social reform. By holding its meetings alongside the Congress, it sought to maintain a close
connection with the broader political movement.
Option d is correct: The National Social Conference was known for its various social reform initiatives,
one of which was the "Pledge Movement." This movement encouraged people to take a formal pledge to
oppose child marriage, which was a prevalent social issue at the time.
Source: Spectrum- Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
https://forumias.com/blog/question/during-indian-freedom-struggle-the-national-social-
conference-was-formed-what-was-the-reason-for-its-formation/
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Subtopic:)

Q.32)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The 1906 session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was indeed held in
Calcutta, but it was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, not Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Dadabhai Naoroji, also
known as the "Grand Old Man of India," was chosen as the President to balance the growing rift between
the Moderates and Extremists within the Congress.

[16]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is correct: The 1906 Calcutta session marked a significant turning point in the history of the
INC. For the first time, the Congress formally adopted the resolution that declared 'Swaraj' or 'Self-
government' as its ultimate goal, on the lines of the United Kingdom or its colonies such as Australia and
Canada. The session also passed a resolution supporting Swadeshi, boycott of British goods, and
national education. Also, the word ‘Swaraj’ was mentioned for the first time in a Congress resolution,
however its exact meaning was not clearly defined.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir, Unit-6, NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905–1918)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress- Moderate and Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.33)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Following Dadabhai Naoroji’s declaration at the Calcutta Session of Congress in 1906 that the goal of
the Congress was self-government or swaraj, the Extremists intensified their call for passive
resistance alongside the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
This strategy included boycott of government institutions and services, including colleges, courts,
legislative councils, municipalities, and government titles.
Aurobindo Ghosh articulated the purpose of this movement as aiming to "make the administration
under present conditions impossible by an organised refusal to do anything which will help either
British commerce in the exploitation of the country or British officialdom in the administration of it."
The idea was to render British governance ineffective by withdrawing cooperation, thereby undermining
its authority and hastening the struggle for self-rule.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir, Unit-6, NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905–1918)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress- Moderate and Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.34)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti was not formed by Bipin Chandra Pal. It was
founded by Ashwini Kumar Dutta, a prominent freedom fighter and educator from Bengal, in Baraisal
in 1905.
Statement 2 is correct: The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti, led by Ashwini Kumar Dutta, well-known of all the
volunteer organizations, effectively supported the Swadeshi movement by mobilizing the masses through
activities like lectures, Swadeshi songs, physical and moral training, social work, and promoting
indigenous crafts. These efforts raised political consciousness and built resistance against British rule.
The Samiti also played a key role in promotion of locally made products and boycott foreign goods.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir, Unit-6, NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905–1918)
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25323
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

[17]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.35)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Viceroy got the right to issue ordinance for the first time by the Indian
Councils Act of 1861. He could issue ordinances without the concurrence of the legislative council
during an emergency. The life of such an ordinance was 6 months.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The foundation of cabinet government in India was provided for the first time
by the Indian Councils Act of 1861 because Lord canning introduced the portfolio system. Under this a
member of the Viceroy’s council was made in charge of one or more departments of the government and
was authorized to issue final orders on behalf of the council on matters relating to his department.
Source: Laxmikanth Chapter 1 Page-1.6 Spectrum Revised edition 2019 Chapter 26 page-507
https://cbc.gov.in/cbcdev/crown/crown2.html#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Councils%20Act%20of%201
861,-
It%20is%20an&text=Portfolio%20system%20was%20introduced%20and,legislative%20councils%20in%2
0some%20provinces.
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.36)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The methods adopted by the Moderates were petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda,
and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee. Their
objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government.
1. Hitabadi – Bengali weekly founded by Dwijendranath Tagore in1891.
2. Sanjibani - Krishna Kumar Mitra launched the journal Sanjibani in Bengali Language in the year 1883.
3. Bengalee - The Bengalee was founded in 1862 by Girish Chandra Ghosh as an English language
newspaper based in Kolkata. It was taken over by Surendranath Banerjea in 1879.
Source: Spectrum: Ch:12, Pg-262
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) INC: The Moderate Phase and Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.37)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
During the Bengal Partition, the Swadeshi Movement affected education by sparking a boycott of
British-controlled institutions, leading to the establishment of indigenous alternatives that promoted
Indian languages and culture
Statement 1 is correct: Bengal National College, inspired by Tagore’s Shantiniketan, was established
with Aurobindo Ghosh as its first principal. The college was founded in 1906, and its first president was
Rasbihari Ghosh. Tagore’s school at Shantiniketan, set up in 1901, served as a model for this institution.
Statement 2 is correct: The National Council of Education was founded on August 15, 1906, to organize
a comprehensive system of education; literary, scientific, and technical, on national lines and under

[18]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

national control. This initiative aimed to develop an educational framework that was independent of
British influence and aligned with Indian interests.
Statement 3 is correct: The Bengal Institute of Technology was established to advance technical
education in India as part of the Swadeshi movement's efforts to promote self-reliance and
modernization. Additionally, funds were raised to send students to Japan for advanced studies,
reflecting a commitment to acquiring global knowledge and skills to bolster India's technological
capabilities.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir, Unit-6, NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905–1918)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) INC: The Moderate Phase and Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.38)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The passage describes V.O. Chidambaram Pillai.
1) Political Activism: Joined politics following the partition of Bengal and played a significant role in
spreading the Swadeshi Movement to Madras.
2) Strike Organization: Organized the strike at the Tuticorin Coral Mill to protest poor working
conditions in the mills.
3) Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company: Founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in
Tuticorin to challenge the British India Steam Navigation Company's trade monopoly.
4) Maritime Services: Acquired the SS Lavo and SS Galia from France and established regular maritime
services between Tuticorin and Colombo (Sri Lanka), despite British attempts to suppress his efforts.
His ships flew flags emblazoned with ‘Vande Mataram’ as a symbol of his nationalist sentiments.
5) Imprisonment: Sentenced to two life terms in 1908 for sedition due to his political activities.
During imprisonment, he was subjected to hard labour and torture.
6) Release and Hardship: Sentence was reduced by the Madras High Court, and he was released in 1912.
Faced economic hardship as his lawyer’s license was revoked, leading him to open a shop for a
livelihood.
7) Scholarly Contributions: Authored his autobiography in Tamil verse, wrote a commentary on the
Thirukural, and compiled the ancient Tamil grammar work, Tholkappiam.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir chapter Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=148684
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.39)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
After 1905, the Extremists acquired a dominant influence over the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. The
social base of the movement expanded to include certain sections of the zamindari, the students, the
women, and the lower middle classes in cities and town.
Statement a is correct. Students came out in large numbers to propagate and practise swadeshi, and to
take a lead in organising picketing of shops selling foreign goods. Student participation was visible in

[19]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Bengal, Maharashtra, especially in Poona, and in many parts of the South—Guntur, Madras, Salem. Police
adopted a repressive attitude towards the students.
Statement b is correct. Most of the Muslims including the Muslim peasants did not support the
movement. Many even supported the partition on the plea that it would give them a Muslim-majority
East Bengal. To further government interests, the All-India Muslim League was propped up on December
30, 1905, as an anti- Congress front. The movement was not able to garner support of the Muslims,
especially the Muslim peasantry, because of a conscious government policy of divide and rule helped by
overlap of class and community at places.
Statement c is correct. Women, who were traditionally home-centred, especially those of the urban
middle classes, took active part in processions and picketing. From now onwards, they were to play a
significant role in the national movement.
Statement d is incorrect. During the movement, attempts were made to give political expression to
economic grievances of the working class by organising strikes. Some strikes were organised on the
issue of rising prices and racial insult, primarily in the foreign owned companies. Between 1906 and
1908, strikes in the jute mills were very frequent, at times affecting 18 out of 18 mills. Subramania Siva
and Chidambaram Pillai led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill. In
Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh.
Source: Spectrum Chapter 12 Era of Militant Nationalism
From Plassey to Partition Chapter 5 Early Nationalism: Discontent and Dissension
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) INC: The Moderate Phase and Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.40)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The capital was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. The decision was announced by the newly
crowned King-Emperor George V, who was present with the Queen at the imperial durbar organized
by Viceroy Lord Hardinge.
Statement 1 is correct. One of the reasons for the transfer of capital was that Delhi was considered to be
more centrally located and was much nearer to the summer capital at Shimla. The British wanted a
place where the Government could spend all the seasons of the year.
Statement 2 is correct. The capital was moved from Calcutta to Delhi as a retaliatory move against the
nationalist and revolutionary activists of Bengal especially Calcutta.
Source: Spectrum Chapter 12 Era of Militant Nationalism
A History of Modern India Banerjee-Dube Page 254
https://indianculture.gov.in/stories/delhi-capital-british-
india#:~:text=The%20British%20wanted%20a%20place,both%20Hindu%20and%20Muslim%20pride.
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.41)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.

[20]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

A radical trend of a militant nationalist approach to political activity in India started emerging in the
1890s, and it took a concrete shape by 1905. Lala Lajpat Rai, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bipin Chandra
Pal, Aurobindo Ghose, Rajnarayan Bose etc were leaders of the extremist's trend.
Statement 1 is correct. The Extremists aimed ‘Swaraj’ from British rule without sticking to the
constitutional methods to protest and rather resorted to passive resistance like boycotts, strikes, etc.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The moderate leaders were influenced by Western political ideas, political
philosophy of liberalism and practices, democracy, equity and freedom. On the other hand, the
Extremists were inspired by Indian History, its glorious cultural heritage and national education. They
were radical in their approach.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Extremists had immense faith in the capacity of masses to participate and
to make sacrifices for self-rule. Students and women who were traditionally home-centred, especially
those of the urban middle classes came out in large numbers to propagate and practise swadeshi, and
to take a lead in organising picketing of shops selling foreign goods
Source: Spectrum Chapter 12 Era of Militant Nationalism
From Plassey to Partition Chapter 5 Early Nationalism: Discontent and Dissension
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress: The Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

Q.42)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement I correct. On 23rd July 1908, the Bombay High Court sentenced Bal Gangadhar Tilak to
deportation and six years of imprisonment under the charges of sedition. The sedition charges against
Tilak were based on several of his articles in his newspaper Kesari, especially the one published on 15th
May 1908. In his article, Tilak justified the violent method of freedom struggle and criticized the
overbearing British government for its unresponsive policies.
He had written in 1908 in his Kesari about a bomb thrown by Bengal revolutionaries in Muzaffarpur,
resulting in the death of two European women.
Statement II is correct. Kesari was a Marathi newspaper founded by Tilak. He was sentenced for
sedition for writing Kesari editorials in 1897. In 1897, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, known for his criticism of the
British, was charged under Section 124A of IPC for his views in Kesari. Tilak was charged for the
publication of an article ‘Shivaji’s Utterances’. Just weeks after this article was published, the Plague
Commissioner of Poona, W. C. Rand, was killed. Tilak’s article was thought to have provoked this action
and so, Tilak was arrested on charges of sedition. Tilak's defence of Shivaji’s killing of Afzal Khan was
portrayed by the prosecution as an incitement to kill British officials.
So, both statement -I and statement -II are correct and statement -II is not the correct explanation
for statement -I.
Source: Spectrum Chapter 12 Era of Militant Nationalism
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?9564
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?17509
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Indian National Congress: The Extremist Phase
Subtopic:)

[21]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.43)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The Indian Councils Act of 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms were framed by the viceroy, Lord Minto,
and the Secretary of State for India, John Morley. The reforms did not satisfy any of the
Indian political groups.
Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms provided that one
Indian was to be appointed to the viceroy’s executive council (Satyendra Sinha was the first Indian to be
appointed in 1909).
Statement 2 is incorrect. It was the Government of India Act of 1919 under which bicameralism was
introduced in Central Legislative Counsil.
Statement 3 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms, for the first time,
provided separate electorates for Muslims for election to the central legislative council. The Imperial
Legislative Council had a total of 69 members, of which 37 were to be the officials and 32 non-officials. Of
the 32 non-officials, 5 were to be nominated. Of the 27 elected non-officials, 8 seats were reserved for the
Muslims under separate electorates (only Muslims could vote here to elect the Muslim candidates).
Knowledge Base:
Other provisions of the Indian Councils Act of 1909:
1) The number of elected members in the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Legislative
Councils was increased.
2) In the provincial councils, non-official majority was introduced.
3) Besides separate electorates for the Muslims, representation in excess of the strength of their
population was accorded to the Muslims. Also, the income qualification for Muslim voters was kept
lower than that for Hindus.
4) The legislatures could now pass resolutions, ask questions and supplementary questions, vote
separate items in the budget though the budget as a whole could not be voted upon.
Source: Spectrum Chapter 12 Era of Militant Nationalism
From Plassey to Partition Chapter 5 Early Nationalism: Discontent and Dissension
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) Constitutional Administrative and Judicial Developments till 1915
Subtopic:)

Q.44)
Ans) d
Exp) option d is the correct answer.
The revolutionary activities in Bengal during the early 20th century were marked by the rise of secret
societies and militant nationalism. Among these, the Anushilan Samiti played a pivotal role in organizing
revolutionary activities against British rule, and notable incidents like the Muzaffarpur bombing gained
significant attention.
Statement 1 is correct. The Anushilan Samiti traces its history back to 1902 when it was established by
Satish Chandra Bose and Barrister Praanath Mitra in present-day Kolkata. It was a prominent
organization during India's freedom struggle and was known for its revolutionary zeal and patriotic
fervour. The Samiti was strongly committed to the idea of a nationwide revolt to end the British Raj in
India and soon came to be known as a radical thought. It was associated with important political leaders
and freedom fighters such as Satish Chandra Bose, Praanath Mitra, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and Bipin
Chandra Pal. The Samiti worked in utmost secrecy and silence, such that they could continue their anti-
British efforts without being caught and stopped from achieving their final goal.

[22]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is correct. 'Yugantar' (started in In April 1906) was a revolutionary newspaper associated
with the Anushilan Samiti. It was used as a medium to disseminate nationalist ideas and revolutionary
propaganda, which inspired many youths to join the freedom struggle.
Statement 3 is correct. Hemchandra Kanungo received training in the manufacture of bombs and
other explosives in Paris. On his return, the Anushilan Samiti began manufacturing bombs on their
own. They did so in a discreet location in the suburbs of Calcutta; Muraripukur garden house in
Maniktala.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir - First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-
detail.htm?25141#:~:text=The%20Anushilan%20Samiti%20traces%20its,revolutionary%20zeal%20and%2
0patriotic%20fervour
https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/anushilan-samiti-calcutta
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?4465
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.45)
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The nationalist response to British participation in the First World War was three-fold:
• The Moderates supported the empire in the war as a matter of duty. So, Option 1 is correct.
• the Extremists, including Tilak (who was released in June 1914), supported the war efforts in the
mistaken belief that Britain would repay India’s loyalty with gratitude in the form of self-
government. So, Option 2 is incorrect.
• the revolutionaries decided to utilize the opportunity to wage a war on British rule and liberate the
country. So, Option 3 is correct.
Source: A Brief History of India: Spectrum Chapter First World War and Nationalist Responses
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First World War and Nationalist Response
Subtopic:)

Q.46)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, centered on the
province’s Colonization bill, which was implemented in 1906. In response to Colonization bill, Ajit Singh
formed a secret society, known by the name Anjuman-I-Mohisban-I-Watan.
The Colonization Bill provided the transfer of a person’s property to the government after his death if he
had no heirs. The government could sell the property to any public or private developer. This was utterly
contrary to the social conditions in the region, and thus it was rejected by all parties. During this time,
there were widespread protests, which culminated in Ajit Singh’s deportation.
Source: Spectrum Chapter 13: First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

[23]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Q.47)
Ans) a
Exp) option a is the correct answer.
During the First World War, the Jugantar party arranged to import German arms and ammunition
through sympathisers and revolutionaries abroad. It aimed to bring about an all-India insurrection in
what has come to be called the ‘German Plot’ or the ‘Zimmerman Plan’. Under Zimmerman Plan, it was
planned that a guerrilla force would be organised to start an uprising in the country, with a seizure of
Fort William and a mutiny by armed forces. Unfortunately for the revolutionaries, the plot was leaked
out by a traitor and the German plot thus failed.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir - First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.48)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Indian revolutionaries abroad played a crucial role in the freedom struggle by organizing activities
that sought international support and created awareness about British colonial oppression. Their
efforts included establishing societies, publishing journals, and fostering networks among the Indian
diasporas.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Madam Bhikhaji Cama was a prominent revolutionary figure, but she did not
publish 'The Indian Sociologist.' This journal was published by Shyamji Krishna Varma. Madam Bhikaiji
Cama is more famously associated with the publication 'Bande Mataram.'
Statement 2 is correct. Shyamji Krishna Varma established the Indian Home Rule Society in London in
1905. One of the goals of the Indian Home Rule Society was to sponsor students from India through
scholarships and lectureships. The organization also founded the "India House" in London, which served
as the centre of Indian nationalist activity. It gave Indian students who were studying in London a forum
on which to debate and promote Indian independence. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin
Chandra Pal made use of the scholarships to send students abroad.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir - First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?19307
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?23948
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?12995
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.49)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The Ghadar Party was a prominent revolutionary organization formed by Indian immigrants in North
America, particularly in the United States and Canada. Its goal was to overthrow British rule in India
through armed revolt.
Statement 1 is correct. The Ghadar Party, established in 1913, had its headquarters in San Francisco,
from where it coordinated its activities, including the publication of the 'Ghadar' newspaper, which called
for revolution in India.

[24]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211134 |

Statement 2 is correct. Lala Har Dayal was one of the founders of the Ghadar Party, and leaders like
Sohan Singh Bhakna, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand
were instrumental in guiding the party's revolutionary activities.
Statement 3 is correct. The leaders associated with Ghadar party established 'Swadesh Sevak Home' in
Vancouver as part of their efforts to support Indian immigrants and to promote the revolutionary cause
in Canada. The Pre-Ghadar revolutionary activity had been carried on by Ramdas Puri, G.D. Kumar,
Taraknath Das, Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal in US and Canada. To carry out revolutionary
activities, the earlier activists had set up a ‘Swadesh Sevak Home’ at Vancouver and ‘United India House’
at Seattle. Finally in 1913, the Ghadar was established.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir - First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

Q.50)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Rash Behari Bose, a revolutionary from India, believed that the onset of World War I in 1914 would weaken
British power and provide an opportunity to fight against British rule. This led to the rise of revolutionary
ideas, and Bose, along with Virendranath Chattopadhyaya of Hyderabad, Telangana, formed a committee
in Germany that worked against the British administration. Thus, the Berlin Committee also known as the
Indian Independence Committee, was a revolutionary organization formed during World War I with the
intention of using the global conflict as an opportunity to free India from British colonial rule.
Statement 1 is correct. The Berlin Committee for Indian Independence, formed in 1914, was established
by Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, along with other Indian revolutionaries in Germany. The committee
aimed to garner international support for India's independence during World War I.
Statement 2 is correct. The primary aim of the Berlin Committee was to organize an armed invasion of
British India, leveraging the support of Germany and other Central Powers during World War I to
liberate the country.
Statement 3 is correct. Ghadar party not Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was initially named
the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association.
Source: A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir - First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917).
https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/indian-independence-
committee-1914
Subject:) History of Modern India
Topic:) First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
Subtopic:)

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Q.41) With reference to the activities and the b) 2 and 3 only

Q.49) With reference to the Ghadar Party,

3) reduction in salaries of higher officers; and

Option d is incorrect: Islington Commission recommended a gradual increase in the proportion of

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