MODULE 2: Tabular and Graphical Presentation MEC 51 - MA
1ST Semester | Academic Year 2024-2025 | Ma’am Milagros Faustino
COMMON TYPES OF GRAPHS SCATTER PLOT
PIE CHART
o Gives a visual picture of the relationship between the two
o A circle which is divided into sectors in such a way that the variables, and aids the interpretation of the correlation
area of each scope is proportional to the size of the coefficient or regression model
quantity represented by that sector o Data must be quantitative
o Use this chart type to show proportions of a whole o If the points on the scatter plot seem to form a line that
o Data are categorical or grouped data slants up from left to right, there is a positive relationship
o Interpretation: Among the four t-shirt colors, majority of or positive correlation between the variables
the t-shirts displayed in the store are white which covers o If the points on the scatter plot seem to form a line that
40% of the total distribution. The least displayed t-shirt slant down from left to right, there is a negative
color is brown. relationship or negative correlation between the variables
o If the points on the scatter plot seem to be scattered
randomly, there is no relationship or no correlation
COLUMN CHART
between the variables
o The scatter plot shows that there is a linear association of
o Consists of a series of rectangular bars where the length of the points
the bar represents the magnitude to be demonstrated o The scatter plot shows a direct linear relationship between
o Use this chart type to visually compare values across a few number of sales and number of cars sold
categories o Sales representatives with a smaller number of sales calls
o Data are categorical or grouped data have lower number of cars sold while those with a greater
o Interpretation: Among the four t-shirt colors, majority of number of sales calls have higher number of cars sold
the t-shirts displayed in the store are white which covers
TABULAR PRESENTATION
40% of the total distribution. The least displayed t-shirt
color is brown.
BAR CHART o Is the process of condensing classified data and arranging
them systematically in rows and columns
o It is better to use the Bar chart when your data labels are COMMON TYPES OF TABLES
long, or you have too many data sets to display
o Data are categorical or grouped data SUMMARY TABLE FOR CATEGORICAL
o Interpretation: The greatest number of fish found in a
private aqua marine park is sardine caerulea (sardines)
while sphyraena argentea (barracuda) is the least o Data is a form of frequency distribution table where
observations are classified based on categorical names
LINE CHART o Interpretation: Among the four t-shirt colors, majority of
the t-shirts displayed in the store are white which covers
40% of the total distribution. The least displayed t-shirt
o Graphical presentation of data especially useful for color is brown.
showing trends over a period of time
SINGLE-VALUE GROUPING FOR NUMERICAL DATA
o Used to display change over time as a series of data points
connected by straight line segments
o Data must be quantitative
o Interpretation: The line graph shows the trend of the daily o A form of frequency distribution table where distinct
online earnings of a new entrepreneur in her first week of values are used as classes
online selling of cosmetic products. Based in her first 7 o Interpretation: Based on the collected data, there are four
days of online business, the least earning is on the 1st day identified common values for the years of service: 14, 15,
then it’s increasing up to 7th day. 16 and 17 years. Eight out of twenty employees fall under
MEC 51: Statistical Analysis with Software Application LESSON 2 1
MODULE 2: Tabular and Graphical Presentation MEC 51 - MA
1ST Semester | Academic Year 2024-2025 | Ma’am Milagros Faustino
LESS THAN CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
16 years. Only two employees have served the factory for o Sum of the frequencies starting from the lowest class
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE boundary
14 years.
o Refers to the tabular arrangement (grouping) of all
observations into intervals or classes together with the
count of the number of observations that fall in each
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING A
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
interval
1. Determine an adequate number of intervals (K). Usually
between 5 to 20 class intervals
𝐾 = √𝑛; or K = 1+ 3.322log n, where n is the sample size
Suggested Formulas:
2. Determine the range (R). R = highest-lowest
3. Compute the class width (c). c = R/K Round off c to a value
that is easy to work with. (Suggested Rule: c must have
the same number of decimal places as the original data)
4. List the class intervals.
Interpretation:
There are seven weight groups for the selected group. The lowest
weight group is 70- 79 lbs. while the highest weight group is 130-
139 lbs. 24% of the selected tuna fall under the 2nd weight group of
ADDITIONAL COLUMNS IN A
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
80-89 lbs.
CLASS MARKS
Midpoint between the lower limit and the upper limit of
the class interval
o Also, the midpoint of the class boundaries
CLASS BOUNDARIES
o Are the numbers used to separate classes
o They are not part of the classes or the dataset
o It is the midpoint between the lower limit of the class
interval in question and the upper limit of the previous
class
MEC 51: Statistical Analysis with Software Application LESSON 2 2
