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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

Effect of Methods of Adding Red Ginseng on some Productive

Traits of Laying Hens

Saad Atta Allah Abdul-Sada1, Wafaa Nasar Allah Abd Al-Abbas2 and Jassim
Kassim Al-Gharawi3
1-3
Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq.

3
E-mail: jasimgharawi@[Link]

Abstract. For 12 weeks, from October 15, 2022, to January 7, 2023, researchers at Al-
Muthanna University's Agricultural Research and Experiment Station examined the impact of
different methods for administering red ginseng root on a selection of laying hens' blood
parameters. Sixty 43-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were split into four treatments, each
with fifteen hens. Each treatment's pens were three metres by three metres, and each pen was
divided into thirds so that each third included five hens. The following procedures were used:
In T1 (the placebo group), the regular diet was served without any alterations. T2: Combine 1
gramme of alcoholic extract with 1 litre of water. T3: The diet included 1 gramme of powdered
red ginseng root per kilogramme of feed. T4: Ten millilitres of red ginseng root aqueous
extract per one litre of water was added to the supply. The results show that compared to the
control treatment, all treatments in which ginseng root powder was administered significantly
increased the egg production ratio, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion factor of the
laying hens tested. The best outcomes, by a wide margin, were achieved with the addition of
alcoholic extract to drinking water.

Keywords. Red ginseng, Aqueous extract, Alcoholic extract, Productive traits, Laying hens.

1. Introduction
In Asia, particularly China, Korea, and Japan, ginseng has been used for millennia as a herbal
medicine to cure a wide range of conditions thanks to the plant's capacity to fortify the immune system
and reduce inflammation [1]. Antioxidant, anti-aging, and hepatoprotective are only a few of its
pharmacological qualities [2]. There are numerous different substances in red ginseng, including
ginsenosides and polysaccharides [3]. Red ginseng extract (RGE) is a fibrous and insoluble by-product
of the hot water extraction process, and it has a wide range of pharmacological properties [4]. Red
ginseng powder, also known as fermented ginseng (FRGM), has recently been proven to exhibit
pharmacological properties and strong antioxidant benefits [5]. These may be connected to the
bioactive components of red ginseng such saponins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids that survived the
water extraction process [6]. Many researchers suggested the use of plant extracts and essential oils as
natural additives instead of antibiotics to the diet of poultry, because it contains antioxidants and anti-
parasitic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-helminthic properties, as plants contain
phytochemicals or bioactive substances [1]. The use of medicinal plants in bird production is the result
of efforts to gradually eliminate manufactured medicines and nutritional supplements, b Because of
general reservations about the development of resistant bacteria and residual effects in food [2, 3].

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

One of these medicinal plants is ginseng, which is known as Panax Schinseng by the German botanist
Nees van Esenbeck, after that, the Russian scientist (Cariantonmeyer) changed his name in 1843 to
(Panax), which is derived from the two Greek words (Pan), which means all, and (axos) means
healing, medicine, or treatment, and Panax is the name of the genus, ginseng began to be used as a
medicinal herb about 5,500 years ago, before other medicinal herbs were discovered, its origins go
back to prehistoric times in China [4]. Ginseng is used in traditional alternative medical therapies, it is
one of the herbal food products and is widely used in Japan, China and Korea, it is also one of the
most famous herbal plants in the world [5].
Jang et al. [6] concluded that the addition of red ginseng root extracts at a concentration of 2.5 and 5%
had a positive effect on egg production in laying hens, in 2011, Ao et al. [7] reported that adding
fermented red ginseng root extract to broiler diets for five weeks at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 g/kg
had a positive effect on productive performance. While the study conducted by Yildirim et al. [8]
showed that the extract of the roots of the Korean ginseng plant at concentrations of 50, 10 and 150
mg / kg feed had no significant effect on egg production, the amount of shells consumed and the feed
conversion factor, in addition, there were no significant differences in the weight and weight gain of
the white chicken. Kang et al. [9] indicated that the addition of red ginseng root extract at
concentrations of 10 and 5 g / kg feed to the diets of chickens, who were at the age of 75 weeks,
significantly improved egg production, as for the amount of feed consumed and the feed conversion
factor, there were no significant differences when compared with the control treatment.
The current study aims to demonstrate the use of different methods to add red ginseng roots in some
productive traits of ISA Brown laying hens.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Experiment Design

The effect of various methods of adding red ginseng root on certain blood parameters of laying hens
was investigated in a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station,
College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University from October 15, 2022, to January 7, 2023. For this
experiment, 60 laying hens (ISA Brown) were used; they were split among four separate transactions
and housed in four separate pens (3 x 3 m), with each pen being divided into three equal sections to
house 15 laying hens. The following procedures were used: In T1 (the placebo group), the regular diet
was served without any alterations. T2: Combine 1 gramme of alcoholic extract with 1 litre of water.
T3: The diet included 1 gramme of powdered red ginseng root per kilogramme of feed. T4: Ten
millilitres of red ginseng root aqueous extract per one litre of water was added to the supply.

2.2. Preparation of Red Ginseng Root in Experimental Treatments

The roots of red ginseng (the Chinese type) were obtained from the local markets in the required
quantities, to be used in the experiment.

2.2.1. Crush the Roots of Red Ginseng

The red ginseng roots were crushed in a mill using the National laboratory mill (Chinese origin).

2.2.2. Preparation of Alcoholic Extract of Red Ginseng Roots

The weight of 100 grams of red ginseng roots, to which 600 each of ethyl alcohol 96% was added,
using a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7, extraction was done using a Reflux device for 10 hours, filter
the extract with filter paper. The resulting extract was completely dried by placing the resulting extract
in glass dishes in an incubator at 50 °C for 24 hours, it was observed that there were two layers after
drying, an oil layer and a dry layer, the dry extract was skimmed, placed in a special vial, and kept at a
temperature of 4 °C until use [10].

2.2.3. Preparation of the Aqueous Extract of Red Ginseng Roots

The black seed was mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1 g of black seed to 2 ml of distilled water,
placed in a water bath at 60 °C for one hour, and then left at room temperature for 24 hours before

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

being filtered through several layers of sterile medical gauze to produce the aqueous extract used in
this study [11].

2.3. Studied Traits

Productive traits (egg yield ratio, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion factor).

3. Results and Discussion

Table (1) shows the effect of methods of adding red ginseng root to Alisa Brown chickens (powder,
aqueous extract, alcoholic powder) on the rate of egg production, as we notice during the first period
of the experiment (43-44) weeks of the age of the chickens, no significant differences appeared
between the coefficients of the study in the characteristic of egg production, while we notice in the
second period of the experiment (45-46) weeks, there is a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the two
treatments T2 and T4, which amounted to 86.01 and 86.28%, respectively, on the control treatment
(T1), which recorded 85.43%, while no significant differences appeared between the treatments T2,
T3 and T4, as for the third period of the experiment (47-48) weeks, we notice from the table that a
significant superiority (P≤0.05) appeared for the T2 treatment, which amounted to 86.17% over the
two treatments T1 and T3, which recorded 85.70 and 85.10%, respectively, while we notice a
significant superiority (P≤0.05) for treatment T3, which recorded 85.70% over treatment T1, while
there are no significant differences between treatments T4 and T2, which recorded 85.90 and 86.17%.
The table shows that there were statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments
during the fourth period of the experiment (49-50 weeks), with T2 recording 86.01% and T1 and T3
recording 85.54 and 84.74%, respectively. For the fifth period of the experiment (51-52) weeks, it was
noted that there were significant differences between the treatments, where it was found that the T2
treatment was significantly superior (P≤0.05) at a rate of 85.92% compared to the control treatment,
and that the T3 treatment was significantly superior (P≤0.05) at a rate of 84.74% compared to the
control treatment.
Table 1. The effect of adding red ginseng root in the diet of laying hens on the weekly egg production
percentage D.H% (average ± standard error) during the production weeks (43-54 weeks).
Age (Week)
Treatments Total
33-34 35-34 37-36 45-38 45-45 43-44
0.05±85.43 0.02±85.10 0.07±84.74 0.05±84.46 0.06±84.08 0.07±84.99
T1 0.19±86.12
B c C c c b
0.03±86.28 0.03±86.17 0.02±86.01 0.04±85.92 0.02±85.76 0.02±86.03
T2 0.08±86.01
A a A a a a
0.24±85.84 0.20±85.70 0.20±85.54 0.21±85.35 0.17±85.15 0.21±85.60
T3 0.25±86.02
Ab b B b b a
0.14±86.01 0.15±85.90 0.13±85.73 0.11±85.54 0.11±85.39 0.11±85.76
T4 0.07±85.97
A ab Ab ab b a
Sig. N.S 0.05 0.05 0.05 .0.0 0.05 0.05
Table (2) shows the effect of methods of adding red ginseng root to Eliza Brown chickens (powder,
aqueous extract, alcoholic powder) on the average egg weight, where we notice during the first period
of the experiment (43-44) weeks of the age of the birds, no significant differences appeared between
the control treatment and the other treatments in the weight of eggs, while we notice during the period
(45-46) weeks of the age of chickens a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the two treatments T2, T3,
which recorded 64.46,64.34 grams, respectively, over the two treatments T4, T1, it amounted to 63.98,
62.90 gm, respectively, as well as a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for treatment T4 63.98 gm over
treatment T1 62.90, as well as the absence of significant differences between the two treatments T2,
T3, as for the third period of the experiment (47-48), we note that there are significant differences
(P≤0.05) between the treatments, as each of the treatments T2, T3, and T4 excelled, reaching 66.29,
65.80, 66.07 grams, respectively, over the treatment T1, which recorded 65.17, we also notice that
there are no significant differences between the treatments T2, T3, and T4. It is also noted in the fourth
period of the experiment (49-50) that there are significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments,
where T2, T3, and T4 treatment, which recorded 69.42, 69.18, 69.33 grams, respectively,
outperformed the T1 treatment, we also notice that there are no significant differences between the

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

treatments T2, T3, and T4, as for the fifth period of the experiment (51-52), we notice that there are
significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments, as we note the superiority of the T2 treatment,
which recorded 70.65 gm over the two treatments T3, T1, which recorded 70.28, 68.90 gm,
respectively, as well as the superiority of the T3 treatment over the treatment T1, we also notice that
there are no significant differences between the two treatments T2, T4, as for the sixth period of the
experiment (53-54), we notice a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the T2 treatment, as it amounted
to 67.61 gm over each of the two addition treatments T3, T4, which amounted to 71.84,72.13 gm,
which was recorded, as well as a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the two treatments T3, T4 on the
control treatment T1, which amounted to 70.12 g. We also see that there are no statistically significant
differences between treatments T3 and T4. Looking at the table, we can see that there are statistically
significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments, with treatment T2 yielding the
highest average egg weight (67.61 grammes) compared to treatments T1, T3, and T4 (66.06, 67.22,
and 67.30 grammes), respectively.
Table 2. The effect of adding red ginseng root in the diet of laying hens on the weight of eggs g (mean
± standard error) during the production weeks (43-54 weeks).
Age (Week)
Treatments Total
33-34 35-34 37-36 45-38 45-45 43-44
..14±62.90 0.35±65.17 0.44±67.47 0.21±68.90 0.13±70.12 0.04±66.06
T1 0.27±61.83
C b B c c c
0.02±64.46 0.04±66.29 0.01±69.42 0.04±70.65 0.02±72.77 0.01±67.61
T2 0.10±62.05
A a A a a a
0.03±64.34 0.02±65.80 0.04±69.18 0.03±70.28 0.07±71.84 0.01±67.22
T3 0.08±61.87
A a A b b b
0.07±63.98 0.04±66.07 0.03±69.33 0.02±70.36 0.13±72.13 0.03±67.30
T4 0.05±61.94
B a A ab b b
Sig. N.S 0.05 0.05 0.05 .0.0 0.05 0.05

The average egg mass was not significantly different across treatments in the first period of the
experiment (43–44 weeks of the birds' ages) as shown in Table (3), which compares the effects of
three different ways of administering red ginseng root to laying hens. Ages at 45-46 weeks for
treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 53.73, 55.62, 55.23, and 55.03, respectively, so there were no
statistically significant differences between them. The T2 treatment, with a score of 57.12, was
statistically superior to the T3 treatment, with a score of 56.39, and to the control treatment, with a
score of 55.46, at 47-48 weeks of age; the T3 treatment was also statistically superior to the T1 control
treatment; and there were no statistically significant differences between the T2 and T4 treatments,
which recorded 57.12 and 56.75, respectively. For the fourth period (49-50 weeks) of a chicken's life,
we find that treatments T2, T3, and T4 all significantly outperformed the control treatment T1 (57.18),
with no differences between the transactions (P≤0.05). The table shows that there are statistically
significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments for the fifth period of the
experiment (51–52 weeks of the chickens' ages), with T2 being the most superior treatment with a
score of 60.70 compared to T1, T3, and T4 with scores of 58.19, 59.98, and 60.19, respectively. The
table shows that there are statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental
treatments when comparing the weights of chickens at the end of the sixth period (ages 53–54 weeks).
Treatment T2 (weight: 62.40) was significantly higher than addition treatments (weight: 61.17, 61.60,
T3, and T4) and the control treatment (weight: 58.98). We also observe that there are no statistically
significant differences between treatments T3 and T4, despite the fact that both of these treatments are
superior to the control treatment T1. In terms of the cumulative average of the egg mass table, we find
that there are statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments, with
treatment T2 (with a value of 58.16) being statistically superior (P≤0.05) to addition treatments T3,
T457.53, and 57.71, and to the control treatment. T1 56.13 T3 and T4 were both significantly (P≤0.05)
better than the control treatment T1, which received a score of 56.13, and there were no significant
differences between these two treatments.

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

Table 3. Effect of adding red ginseng root to laying hens diet on egg mass g/fowl (average ± standard
error) during production weeks (43-54 weeks).
Age (Week)
Treatments Total
33-34 35-34 37-36 45-38 45-45 43-44
0.14±53.73 0.28±55.46 0.42±57.18 0.19±58.19 0.07±58.98 0.00±56.13
T1 0.17±05.25
a C B c c c
0.02±55.62 0.06±57.12 0.01±59.71 0.06±60.70 0.02±62.40 0.02±58.16
T2 0.04±53.37
a A A a a a
0.13±55.23 0.11±56.39 0.15±59.17 0.15±59.98 0.18±61.17 0.14±57.53
T3 0.18±53.22
a B A b b b
0.12±55.03 0.06±56.75 0.10±59.44 0.07±60.19 0.19±61.60 0.09±57.71
T4 0.09±53.25
a ab A b b b
Sig. N.S 0.05 0.05 0.05 .0.0 0.05 0.05
Table (4) displays the impact of feeding red ginseng root to Eliza Brown chickens in various forms
(powder, aqueous extract, alcoholic powder), revealing that no significant differences in feed
conversion coefficient were observed between the control treatment and other transactions during the
first period of the experiment (43-44 weeks of age of chickens). There are statistically significant
differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments in the second period (45-46 weeks) of the
chicken's life, with the T2 treatment recording a significantly superiority (P≤0.05) over the addition
treatment T3, which amounted to 1.99, and over the control treatment T1, which recorded 2.04;
however, there were no statistically significant differences between the T2 and T3 treatments. During
the third period (47-48 weeks), the chickens were given one of four treatments: T2, T3, or T4. The T2
treatment was found to be the most effective, with a mean score of 1.92, followed by T3, with a mean
score of 1.95, and the T1 treatment, with a mean score of 1.98. There were no statistically significant
changes between the addition therapies T2, T3, and T4 (recording 1.84, 1.85, and 1.85) and the control
treatment T1 (1.92), which was administered throughout the fourth period of a chicken's life (49-50
weeks). The table shows that the T2 treatment, with a value of 1.81, was statistically superior to the
other three treatments (T3, T4, and T1), all of which recorded values of 1.83, 1.82, and 1.89,
respectively, during the fifth period of the experiment (weeks 51-52). The T3 and T4 therapies are
similar, and there are no discernible changes between them. During the sixth period (ages 53–54
weeks), we find that the T2 treatment is superior to the addition treatments (T3 and T4) (1.79 and
1.78) and the control treatment (T1) (1.86), with no significant differences between T3 and T4. The
table shows that Treatment 2 (T2) had the highest cumulative average food conversion coefficient
(1.96) compared to Treatments 3 and 4, which both had 1.91, and to the Control Treatment 1 (T1),
which had 1.96. We also find no statistically significant differences between T3 and T4.
Table 4. The effect of adding red ginseng root in the diet of laying hens on the weekly feed conversion
factor, gm of feed / gm of eggs. (mean ± standard error) during production weeks (43-54 weeks).
Treatme Age (Week)
Total
-nts 33-34 35-34 37-36 45-38 45-45 43-44
0.010±1.98 0.006±1.89
0.006±2.06 0.005±2.047 0.014±1.924 0.002±1.865 0.00±1.962
T1 3 0
5 C B c c
C c
0.0007±1.97 0.002±1.92 0.0003±1.84 0.001±1.81 0.0007±1.76 0.001±1.89
0.001±2.06
T2 7 5 2 2 2 6
1
A A A a a a
0.003±1.95 0.004±1.83 0.004±1.91
0.007±2.06 0.004±1.991 0.004±1.858 0.005±1.798
T3 0 3 6
6 Ab A b
B b b
0.002±1.93 0.002±1.82 0.003±1.91
0.003±2.06 0.004±1.998 0.003±1.850 0.005±1.785
T4 8 7 1
5 B A b
Ab b b
Sig. N.S 0.05 0.05 0.05 .0.0 0.05 0.05
The obtained results indicate a significant improvement in all productive traits of laying hens
Represented by each of the percentage of weekly egg production on the basis of HD, average egg
weight, egg mass and feed conversion factor for all treatments of adding ginseng red roots to diet and
drinking water for laying hens. The addition of alcoholic extract of red ginseng roots at a

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072030

concentration of 1 gm / 1 liter of drinking water for laying hens, it gave the best results compared to
the rest of the treatments of adding ginseng roots, as the active compounds in the alcoholic extract are
less affected after the extraction process. We note that the addition of alcoholic and aqueous extracts
to drinking water was significantly superior compared to the addition of crushed ginseng roots to
fodder, this may be due to ensuring that ginseng root extracts reach the birds through drinking water
compared to adding it to the feed
Which is used at very low levels and which may have a low rate of access to birds, in addition to the
effective compounds contained in the roots of ginseng, which may be the reason for the significant
improvement in the productive characteristics. Cho et al. [12] and Lau et al. [13] indicated that
ginseng roots contain compounds, the most important of which are ginsenosides, which plays a major
role in stimulating estrogen, which enhances reproductive efficiency and productivity, increases the
efficiency of the oviduct, which in turn leads to increased egg production. Or the reason may be due to
the improvement in the health condition of the birds, which is due to the root of the ginseng, it is
considered a dietary supplement, thus increasing the immune response, leads to improved productivity
traits [14].

Conclusion
The egg production ratio, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion factor of laying hens in all
ginseng root powder treatments were significantly higher than the control treatment. Alcoholic extract
in water yielded the finest results by far.

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