NAME: ______________________________

FREEDOM CONCEPT SCHOOL, POIGAI, VELLORE-632114

(A.Y.2024-25) Revision exam -1
FREE KIDS: XII-A BIOLOGY (044) THEORY [Link]: 70
Reading Time: 15 min. Writing Time: 3
hrs.
Teacher’s Name: R PADMAVATHI DATE: 23.9.2024
Answer the following questions:
1 a) Graph A shows the exponential type of growth where the elephant 2
population increases in the first national park as they get better living
conditions between 1900 to 1980 whereas Graph B shows a decline in
the population of elephants in the second national park. Reason for
decline in the population of Graph B may be adverse growth
conditions including unfavorable weather, competition between the
species, less availability of resources, urbanization, fragmentation,
etc.
2 (a) A population is a group of individuals of the same species living 5
in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information. (b)
Population density is the number of individuals of a species per unit
area/ space at a given time. Various processes affecting population
density are: (i) Natality: It refers to the number of births during a
given period in the population that are added to the initial density. (ii)
Mortality: It is the number of deaths in the population during a given
period. (iii) Immigration: It is the number of individuals of the same
species that have come into the habitat from elsewhere during the
time period. (iv) Emigration: It is the number of individuals of the
population who left the habitat and gone elsewhere during the time
period. If N is the population density at time t, then its density at time
t + 1 is Nt+1 = Nt + [(B + I) – (D + E)] where, B = natality, D =
mortality, E = emigration and I = immigration.
3 (a) 5

[3]
(b) The shape of the pyramids reflects the growth status of
the population based on age. Gives information about how

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 many individuals are there at each stage. This helps the
policy makers to plan infrastructure, transport, food,
medicine, employment etc. [2]
4 b) dN/dT= rN 1
5 a) P. aurelia species is competitively superior P. aurelia grows in 4
numbers more quickly than P. caudatum and shows more
individuals in the same volume of culture/ 100 Paramecia
aurelia in 6 days whereas 60 P. caudatum in 8 days.
b) Competitive Exclusion Principle’ which states that two
closely related species competing for the same resources cannot
co-exist indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be
eliminated.G.F. Gause,.
c) One such mechanism is ‘resource partitioning’. If two species
compete for the same resource, they could avoid competition by
choosing different times for feeding or different foraging
patterns, to avoid competition and co-exist due to behavioural
differences in their foraging activities
6 Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle states that two species that 2
compete for the exact same resources cannot stably [Link] of
the two competitors will always have a slight advantage over the
other that leads to extinction of the second competitor in the long run.
As a consequence, competing related species often evolve
distinguishing characteristics in areas where they co-exist.
7 The population density is measured as follows 2
(a)Bacteria - Number /unit volume
(b) Banyan tree - biomass/ (Area)
(c) Deer - Number/ (Area)
(d) Fish -Weight /unit volume( relative density)
8 Termite and Trichonympha show mutualism; a relationship in which 2
both the organisms are benefited from each
other. Trichonympha breaks down cellulose in the wood and thus
help the termite in digestion of wood. Trichonympha also feeds on
fragments of wood
9 Birth rate = No. of individuals born/Total no. of individuals = 2
10/20 = 0.2 plants per year.
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10 If the predator over-exploits the prey, then the prey species will 3
go extinct and eventually the predator too gets extinct due to the
lack of food. Therefore, predators never over exploit the prey.
Hence, predators are prudent in nature. Balance interspecific
competition between species. Check prey population under
control .Maintains ecosystem stability.
11 Resource partitioning is the phenomenon in which 3
two or more species compete for the same
resources, dividing out resources.

1. Example- dividing food, space, resting site, etc.

2. Resource partition allows the coexistence of
several species and organisms within one
ecosystem.
3. Another example is living in a different portion of
the same habitat

12 a. calotropis produces highly see any cattle or goat browsing on 3

this plant. A wide variety of chemical substance that we extract
from plants on a commercial scale (nicotine, caffeine, quinine,
strychnine, opium, etc.) are produced by them actually as
defenses against grazers and browsers.
b) Parasites are dependent on host for food and shelter. They get
food by eating the host from host, depriving nutrients from the
host. They also get shelter or place to live inside the host where
they reproduce and evolve.
c) Carrying capacity can be defined as a species' average
population size in a particular habitat. The species population
size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food,
shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the
population will decrease until the resource rebounds.
13 the correct option is D (i) and (ii) (i) A lion eating a deer and a 1
sparrow feeding on grains are ecologically similar in being
consumers.
(ii) Predator star fish helps in maintaining species diversity of some
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 invertebrates.
14 Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on 1
human hair OPTION C
15 Brood parasitism is a method of parasitism in which the 2
organism lays its eggs in the nest of other birds and let that other
bird to incubate them. Example : The cuckoo bird lays its eggs
in the nest of crow and during the period of evolution, eggs of
cuckoo bird has began to resemble with the eggs of crow.
16 A population growing in a habitat with limited resources show 4
initially a lag phase, followed by phases of acceleration and
deceleration, finally an asymptote when the population density
reaches the carrying capacity. he logistic growth model is given
by dN/dt = rN(1-N/K) where N is the number (density) of
indviduals at time t , K is the carrying capacity of the
population, r is the intrinsic growth rate of the population.
17 The Mediterranean orchid Ophrys flower is almost identical to a 2
bee's female structure. Bees mistake it for a female bee and
perform copulation. The flower is pollinated in this fashion,
which is known as pseudocopulation. When the male wasp sees
it, gets attracted to it and begins copulating with it.
18 Three ways of measuring population density of a habitat are: 3
Percent cover for trees with larger canopy.
Number of fishes caught per trap.
Pugmarks or fecal pellets or tiger census.
b) Status of habitat, whether competition for survival exists or
not, whether population is increasing or declining, natality,
mortality, emigration, immigration.
19 (2) Commensalism 1
20 (b) Algae and fungi in lichens – Mutualism 1
21 (d) play an important role in supporting other species. 1
22 Refer book pg no:
23 i) Indian Nightingale &crow :- B rood parasitism ii) Nodulated roots 4
& rhizobium :- Mutualism iii) Plasmoduim & man :- Parasitism iv)
Orchids & Mongo tree :- Commensalism.
24 (a) living host only 1
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25. Graph A - As both species grow simultaneously .Mutualism and 4
co evolution.
26 (a) calcium 1
27. a- exponential growth curve, b- logistic growth curve 5
Curve A-food and space –Unlimited, Curve B-food and space limited
Curve A depicts the prey population in the absence of predator
When there is no [Link] the resources become limited at
certain point of time this type of growth curve appears.

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