Contents

4.1 Introduction to Cam and Follower ................................................................................................... 4.2

4.2 Classification of Followers ............................................................................................................... 4.2
4.3 Classification of Cams...................................................................................................................... 4.5
4.4 Terminology in Cams ........................................................................................................................ 4.6
4.5 Motions of the Follower .................................................................................................................... 4.7
4.6 Problems .......................................................................................................................................... 4.14
4.1 Introduction to Cam and Follower
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element
known as a follower.
 The cam and the follower have a line contact and constitute a higher pair.

 The cams are usually rotated at a uniform speed by a shaft, but the follower motion is
predetermined and will be according to the shape of the cam.
 Applications: The cams are widely used for operating the inlet and exhaust valves of internal
combustion engines, automatic attachment of machinery, paper cutting machines, spinning and
weaving textile machinery, feed mechanism of automatic lathes etc.

4.2 Classification of Followers

The followers may be classified as discussed below:

4.2.1 According to the surface in contact

According to the surface in contact, the followers may be classified as follow:

[Link] Knife edge follower

When the contacting end of the follower has a sharp knife-edge, it is called a knife-edge follower.
 The sliding motion takes place between the contacting surfaces (i.e. the knife edge and the cam
surface).
 It is now used widely in practice because of the small area of contacting surface results in
excessive wear.
 In knife-edge followers, a considerable side thrust exists between the follower and the guide.

Fig.4.1 - Cam with knife-edge follower

[Link] Roller follower

When the contacting end of the follower is a roller, it is called a roller follower.
 Rolling motion takes place between the contacting surfaces (i.e. the roller and the cam), therefore
the rate of wear is greatly reduced.
 In roller followers also the side thrust exists between the follower and the guide.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.2
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  The roller followers are extensively used where more space is available such as in stationary gas
and oil engines and aircraft engines.

Fig.4.2 - Cam with roller follower

[Link] Flat-faced or mushroom follower

When the contacting end of the follower is a perfectly flat face, it is called a flat-faced follower.
 It may be noted that the side thrust between the follower and the guide is much reduced in the case
of flat-faced followers.
 The flat-faced followers are generally used where space is limited such as in cams which operate
the valves of automobile engines.
 When the flat-faced follower is circular, it is then called a mushroom follower.

Fig.4.3 – Cam with flat-faced follower

[Link] Spherical faced follower

When the contacting end of the follower is of spherical shape, it is called a spherical faced follower.
 It may be noted that when a flat-faced follower is used in automobile engines, high surface stresses
are produced.
 In order to minimise these stresses, the flat end of the follower is machined to a spherical shape.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.3
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 Fig.4.4 - Cam with spherical faced follower

4.2.2 According to the motion of the follower

The followers, according to its motion, are of the following two types:

[Link] Reciprocating or translating follower

When the follower reciprocates in guides as the cam rotates uniformly, it is known as a reciprocating or
translating follower.

Fig.4.5 - Reciprocating or translating followers

[Link] Oscillating or rotating follower

When the uniform rotary motion of the cam is converted into predetermined oscillatory motion of the
follower, it is called oscillating or rotating follower.

Fig.4.6 – Oscillating follower

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.4
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
4.2.3 According to the path of motion of the follower
The followers, according to its path of motion, are of the following two types:

[Link] Radial follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis passing through the centre of the cam, it is known as a
radial follower.

[Link] Off-set follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis away from the axis of the cam centre, it is called off-set
follower.

Fig.4.7 - Cam with offset follower

4.3 Classification of Cams

Though the cams may be classified in many ways, yet the following two types are important:

4.3.1 Radial or disc cam

In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the cam axis. The
cams as shown in Fig.4.5 are all radial cams.

4.3.2 Cylindrical cam

In cylindrical cams, the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction parallel to the cam axis. The
follower rides in a groove at its cylindrical surface. A cylindrical grooved cam with a reciprocating and an
oscillating follower is shown in Fig.4.8 respectively.

Fig.4.8 - (a) Cylindrical cam with a reciprocating follower (b) Cylindrical cam with oscillating follower

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.5
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
4.4 Terminology in Cams

Fig.4.9 - Terms used in radial cams

1. Base circle: It is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the cam profile.
2. Trace point: It is a reference point on the follower and is used to generate the pitch curve.

 In the case of knife-edge follower, the knife-edge represents the trace point and the pitch curve
corresponds to the cam profile.
 In a roller follower, the centre of the roller represents the trace point.

3. Pressure angle: It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the
pitch curve

 This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the pressure angle is too large, a
reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.
4. Pitch point: It is a point on the pitch curve having the maximum pressure angle.
5. Pitch circle: It is a circle drawn from the centre of the cam through the pitch points.
6. Pitch curve: It is the curve generated by the trace point as the follower moves relative to the cam.

 For a knife-edge follower, the pitch curve and the cam profile are the same whereas, for a roller
follower, they are separated by the radius of the roller.
7. Prime Circle: It is the smallest circle that can be drawn from the centre of the cam and tangent to
the pitch curve.

 For a knife-edge and a flat face follower, the prime circle and the base circle are identical.

 For a roller follower, the prime circle is larger than the base circle by the radius of the roller.

8. Lift or stroke: It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to the topmost
position.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.6
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
4.5 Motions of the Follower
During its travel, the follower may have one of the following motions:
a) Uniform velocity
b) Simple harmonic motion
c) Uniform acceleration and retardation
d) Cycloidal motion

4.5.1 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams when the Follower Moves with
Uniform Velocity

Fig.4.10 - Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with uniform velocity

 The displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when a knife-edged follower moves with
uniform velocity are shown in Fig.4.10.
 The abscissa (base) represents the time (i.e. the number of seconds required for the cam to
complete one revolution) or it may represent the angular displacement of the cam in degrees. The
ordinate represents the displacement or velocity or acceleration of the follower.
 Since the follower moves with uniform velocity during its rise and return stroke, therefore the slope
of the displacement curves must be constant. In other words, AB1 and C1D must be straight lines.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.7
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  A little consideration will show that the follower remains at rest during part of the cam rotation.
The periods during which the follower remains at rest are known as dwell periods, as shown by
lines B1C1 and DE.
 The acceleration or retardation of the follower at the beginning and at the end of each stroke is
infinite. This is due to the fact that the follower is required to start from rest and has to gain a
velocity within no time.
 This is only possible if the acceleration or retardation at the beginning and at the end of each stroke
is infinite. These conditions are, however, impracticable.

4.5.2 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams when the Follower Moves with Simple
Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.)

Fig.4.11 - Displacement, velocity & acceleration diagrams when follower moves with simple harmonic motion

 The displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with simple
harmonic motion are shown in Fig.4.11. The displacement diagram is drawn as follows:
1. Draw a semi-circle on the follower stroke as diameter.
2. Divide the semi-circle into any number of even equal parts.
3. Divide the angular displacements of the cam during outstroke and return stroke into the
same number of equal parts.
4. The displacement diagram is obtained by projecting the points.
 Since the follower moves with a simple harmonic motion, therefore velocity diagram consists of a
sine curve and the acceleration diagram is a cosine curve.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.8
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 The velocity of the follower is zero at the beginning and at the end of its stroke and increases
gradually to a maximum at mid-stroke.
 On the other hand, the acceleration of the follower is maximum at the beginning and at the ends
of the stroke and diminishes to zero at mid-stroke.
 Let,

S = Stroke of the follower

o and R = Angular displacement of the cam during out stroke and return stroke of the follower
respectively
ω = Angular velocity of cam
The time required for the outstroke of the follower in second
𝜃0
𝑡0 =
𝜔
 Consider a point P moving at uniform speed ωp radians per second around the circumference of a
circle with the stroke S as diameter. The point (which is the projection of a point P on the diameter)
executes a simple harmonic motion as the point P rotates. The motion of the follower is similar to
that of point P’.

Fig.4.12 - Motion of a point

 The peripheral speed of the point P’

𝜋 ×𝑠 1 𝜋 ×𝑠 𝜔
𝑣𝑝 = × = ×
2 𝑡0 2 𝜃0
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the outstroke,
𝜋 ×𝑠 𝜔 𝜋 × 𝜔 ×𝑠
𝑣0 = 𝑣𝑝 = × =
2 𝜃0 2 𝜃0
 We know that the centripetal acceleration of the point P

𝑣𝑝 2 𝜋 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 2 2 𝜋 2 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠
𝑎𝑝 = = ( ) × =
𝑜𝑝 2 𝜃0 𝑠 2 × (𝜃0 )2
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the outstroke,

𝜋 2 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠
𝑎0 = 𝑎𝑝 =
2 × (𝜃0 )2

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.9
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  Similarly, the maximum velocity of the follower on the return stroke,

𝜋× 𝜔 ×𝑆
𝑣𝑅 =
2 𝜃𝑅
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the return stroke

𝜋 2 𝜔2 𝑆
𝑎𝑅 =
2 (𝜃𝑅 )2

4.5.3 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams when the Follower Moves with
Uniform Acceleration and Retardation

Fig.4.13 - Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with uniform
acceleration and retardation

 The displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with uniform
acceleration and retardation are shown in Fig.4.13.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.10
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  The displacement diagram consists of a parabolic curve and may be drawn as discussed below:

1. Divide the angular displacement of the cam during outstroke (O) into an even number of
equal parts (say eight) and draw vertical lines through these points.
2. Divide the stroke of the follower (S) into the same number of equal even parts.
3. Join Aa to intersect the vertical line through point 1 at B. Similarly, obtain the other points
C, D etc. Now join these points to obtain the parabolic curve for the outstroke of the
follower.
4. In a similar way, the displacement diagram for the follower during return stroke may be
drawn.
 Since the acceleration and retardation is uniform, therefore the velocity varies directly with the
time.
 We know that time required for the follower during outstroke,

𝜃0
𝑡0 =
𝜔
 The time required for the follower during the return stroke,

𝜃𝑅
𝑡𝑅 =
𝜔
 Mean velocity of the follower during outstroke

𝑆
𝑣0 =
𝑡0
 Since the maximum velocity of the follower is equal to twice the mean velocity, therefore the
maximum velocity of the follower during outstroke,
2𝑆 2𝜔𝑆
𝑣0 = =
𝑡0 𝜃0
 Similarly, the maximum velocity of the follower during the return stroke,

2𝜔𝑆
𝑣𝑅 =
𝜃𝑅
 Maximum acceleration of the follower during outstroke,

𝑣0 2 ×2𝜔𝑠 4 𝜔2 . 𝑆
𝑎0 = = =
𝑡0 ⁄2 𝑡0 𝜃0 (𝜃0 )2
 Similarly, the maximum acceleration of the follower during the return stroke,

4 𝜔2 𝑆
𝑎𝑅 =
(𝜃𝑅 )2

4.5.4 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams when the Follower Moves with
Cycloidal Motion
 The displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with cycloidal
motion are shown in Fig.4.14.
 We know that cycloid is a curve traced by a point on a circle when the circle rolls without slipping
on a straight line.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.11
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  In the case of cams, this straight line is a stroke of the follower which is translating and the
circumference of the rolling circle is equal to the stroke (S) of the follower. Therefore the radius of
𝑺
the rolling circle is .
𝟐𝝅

Fig.4.14 - Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with the cycloidal
motion

 The displacement diagram can be drawn as discussed below:

𝑺
1. Draw a circle of radius 𝟐 𝝅 A as a centre.

2. Divide the circle into any number of six even parts. Project these points horizontally on the
vertical centre line of the circle. These points are shown by a’ and b’.
3. Divide the angular displacement of the cam during outstroke into the same number of equal
even parts as the circle is divided. Draw vertical lines through these points.
4. Join AB which intersects the vertical line through 3’ at c. From a’ draw a line parallel to AB
intersecting the vertical lines through 1’ and 2’ at a and b respectively.
5. Similarly, from b’ draw a line parallel to AB intersecting the vertical lines through 4’ and 5’
at d and e respectively.
6. Join the points A a b c d e B by a smooth curve. This is the required cycloidal curve for the
follower during outstroke.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.12
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 We know that displacement of the follower after time t seconds,

𝜃 1 2𝜋𝜃
𝑥=𝑆 [ − sin ( )]
𝜃0 2 𝜋 𝜃0
 The velocity of the follower after time t seconds,

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝜃 2 𝜋 𝜃 2 𝜋 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
=𝑆 [ × − cos ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡 𝜃0 𝑑𝑡 𝜃0 𝜃0 𝑑𝑡
𝑆 𝑑𝜃 2𝜋𝜃
= × [1 − cos ( )]
𝜃0 𝑑𝑡 𝜃0
𝜔𝑆 2𝜋𝜃
= [1 − cos ( )]
𝜃0 𝜃0
 The velocity is maximum, when

2𝜋𝜃
cos ( ) = −1
𝜃0
2𝜋𝜃
= 𝜋
𝜃0
𝜃0
𝜃=
2
 Similarly, the maximum velocity of the follower during the return stroke,

2𝜔𝑆
𝑣𝑅 =
𝜃𝑅
 Now, acceleration of the follower after time t sec,

𝑑2𝑥 𝜔𝑆 2𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= [ sin ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡 2 𝜃0 𝜃0 𝜃0 𝑑𝑡
2 𝜋 𝜔2 𝑆 2𝜋𝜃
= 2
sin ( )
(𝜃0 ) 𝜃0
 The acceleration is maximum, when

2𝜋𝜃
sin ( )=1
𝜃0
𝜃0
𝜃=
4
2 𝜋 𝜔2 𝑆
𝑎0 =
(𝜃0 )2
2 𝜋 𝜔2 𝑆
𝑎𝑅 =
(𝜃𝑅 )2

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.13
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
4.6 Problems
Ex. 4.1 A cam is to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower:
1. Outstroke during 60° of cam rotation;
2. Dwell for the next 30° of cam rotation;
3. Return stroke during next 60° of cam rotation, and
4. Dwell for the remaining 210° of cam rotation.
The stroke of the follower is 40 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 50 mm. The
follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes. Draw
the profile of the cam when (a) the axis of the follower passes through the axis of the
camshaft, and (b) the axis of the follower is offset by 20 mm from the axis of the camshaft.
Solution: Given Data:
S = 40 mm; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 50 mm

Fig.4.15 - Displacement diagram

Fig.4.16 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the camshaft

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.14
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 Fig.4.17 - The profile of the cam when the axis of the follower is offset from the axis of the camshaft
Ex. 4.2 A cam is to be designed for a knife-edge follower with the following data:
1. Cam lift = 40 mm during 90° of cam rotation with simple harmonic motion.
2. Dwell for the next 30°.
3. During the next 60° of cam rotation, the follower returns to its original position with SHM.
4. Dwell during the remaining 180°.
Draw the profile of the cam when
(a) the line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the camshaft, and
(b) the line of stroke is offset 20 mm from the axis of the camshaft.
The radius of the base circle of the cam is 40 mm. Determine the maximum velocity and
acceleration of the follower during its ascent and descent, if the cam rotates at 240 r.p.m.
Solution: Given Data:
S = 40 mm = 0.04 m; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 40 mm; o = 90° = /2 rad = 1.571 rad;
R = 60° =/3 rad = 1.047 rad; N = 240 r.p.m.

Fig.4.18 - Displacement diagram

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.15
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 Fig.4.19 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the camshaft

Fig.4.20 - The profile of the cam when the axis of the follower is offset from the axis of the camshaft

 Angular velocity of the cam,

2𝜋𝑁 2 𝜋 (240)
𝜔= = = 25.14 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the outstroke,

𝜋 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 𝜋 × 25.14 × 0.04
𝑣0 = = = 1 𝑚/𝑠
2 𝜃0 2 × 1.571
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the return stroke,

𝜋 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 𝜋 × 25.14 × 0.04
𝑣𝑅 = = = 1.51 𝑚/𝑠
2 𝜃𝑅 2 × 1.047

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.16
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  Maximum acceleration of the follower on the outstroke,

𝜋 2 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 𝜋 2 × (25.14)2 × 0.04
𝑎0 = = = 50.6 𝑚/𝑠 2
2 × (𝜃0 )2 2 × (1.571)2
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the return stroke,

𝜋 2 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 𝜋 2 × (25.14)2 × 0.04
𝑎𝑅 = = = 113.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
2 × (𝜃𝑅 )2 2 × (1.047)2
Ex. 4.3 A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner:
During the first 120° rotation of the cam, the follower moves outwards through a distance
of 20 mm with simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells during next 30° of cam
rotation. During the next 120° of cam rotation, the follower moves inwards with simple
harmonic motion. The follower dwells for the next 90° of cam rotation. The minimum
radius of the cam is 25 mm. Draw the profile of the cam.
Solution: Given Data:
S = 20 mm; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 25 mm

Fig.4.21 - Displacement diagram

Fig.4.22 - The profile of the cam driving a flat reciprocating follower

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.17
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
Ex. 4.4 A cam, with a minimum radius of 50 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed, is required
to give a knife-edge follower the motion as described below:
1. To move outwards through 40 mm during 100° rotation of the cam;
2. To dwell for the next 80°;
3. To return to its starting position during the next 90°, and
4. To dwell for the rest period of a revolution i.e. 90°.
Draw the profile of the cam
(i) when the line of stroke of the follower passes through the centre of the camshaft, and
(ii) when the line of stroke of the follower is off-set by 15 mm.
The displacement of the follower is to take place with uniform acceleration and uniform
retardation. Determine the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower when the
camshaft rotates at 900 r.p.m. Draw the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams
for one complete revolution of the cam.
Solution: Given Data:
S = 40 mm = 0.04 m; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 50 mm;
o = 100° = 100 (/180) rad = 1.745 rad; R = 90° =/2 rad = 1.571 rad; N = 900 r.p.m.

Fig.4.23 – Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.18
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
Fig.4.24 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of follower passes through the centre of the camshaft

Fig.4.25 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower is offset by 15 mm

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.19
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
  Angular velocity of the cam,

2𝜋𝑁 2 𝜋 (900)
𝜔= = = 94.26 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the outstroke,

2 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 2 × 94.26 × 0.04
𝑣0 = = = 4.32 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃0 1.745
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the return stroke,

2 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 2 × 94.26 × 0.04
𝑣𝑅 = = = 4.8 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃𝑅 1.571
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the outstroke,

4 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 4 × (94.26)2 × 0.04
𝑎0 = = = 467 𝑚/𝑠 2
(𝜃0 )2 (1.745)2
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the return stroke,

4 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 4 × (94.26)2 × 0.04
𝑎𝑅 = = = 576 𝑚/𝑠 2
(𝜃𝑅 )2 (1.571)2
Ex. 4.5 A cam rotating clockwise at a uniform speed of 1000 r.p.m. is required to give a roller
follower the motion as defined below:
1. A follower to move outwards through 50 mm during 120° of cam rotation,
2. A follower to dwell for next 60° of cam rotation,
3. A follower to return to its starting position during next 90° of cam rotation,
4. A follower to dwell for the rest of the cam rotation.
The minimum radius of the cam is 50 mm and the diameter of the roller is 10 mm. The line
of stroke of the follower is off-set by 20 mm from the axis of the camshaft. If the
displacement of the follower takes place with uniform and equal acceleration and
retardation on both the outward and return strokes, draw the profile of the cam and find
the maximum velocity and acceleration during out stroke and return stroke.
Solution: Given Data:
S = 50 mm = 0.05 m; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 50 mm;
o = 120° = 120 (/180) rad = 2.1 rad; R = 90° =/2 rad = 1.571 rad; N = 1000 r.p.m.

Fig.4.26 – Displacement diagram

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.20
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
 Fig.4.27 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower is offset by 20 mm

 Angular velocity of the cam,

2𝜋𝑁 2 𝜋 (1000)
𝜔= = = 104.7 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the outstroke,

2 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 2 × 104.7 × 0.05
𝑣0 = = = 5 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃0 2.1
 Maximum velocity of the follower on the return stroke,

2 × 𝜔 ×𝑠 2 × 104.7 × 0.05
𝑣𝑅 = = = 6.66 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃𝑅 1.571
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the outstroke,

4 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 4 × (104.7)2 × 0.05
𝑎0 = = = 497.2 𝑚/𝑠 2
(𝜃0 )2 (2.1)2
 Maximum acceleration of the follower on the return stroke,

4 × 𝜔2 × 𝑠 4 × (104.7)2 × 0.05
𝑎𝑅 = = = 888 𝑚/𝑠 2
(𝜃𝑅 )2 (1.571)2
Ex. 4.6 Construct the profile of a cam to suit the following specifications:
Camshaft diameter = 40 mm ; Least radius of cam = 25 mm ; Diameter of roller = 25 mm;
The angle of lift = 120°; Angle of fall = 150°; Lift of the follower = 40 mm; Number of pauses
are two of the equal interval between motions. During the lift, the motion is S.H.M. During
the fall the motion is uniform acceleration and deceleration. The speed of the camshaft is
uniform. The line of stroke of the follower is offset 12.5 mm from the centre of the cam.

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.21
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams
Solution: Given Data:
S = 40 mm = 0.04 m; Minimum Radius of the Cam = 25 mm;

Fig.4.28 – Displacement diagram

Fig.4.29 - Profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower is offset by 12.5 mm

References:
1. Theory of Machines, Rattan S S, Tata McGraw-Hill
2. Theory of Machines, Khurmi R. S., Gupta J. K., S. Chand Publication

Prof. Sunil G. Janiyani, Department of Mechanical Engineering

4.22
Kinematics and Theory of Machines (3131906) | Unit-4 Cams