UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
College of Health
College Avenue, Tuguegarao City, 3500
Name of students: Year and Section
Instructor/Lecturer: Subject
Module 3b
Title LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Overview This module is designed to understand the levels of prevention as it
relates to health is really about avoiding dise3ase before it starts. It has
been defined as the plans for, and the measure taken.
Introduction Prevention is defined as actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or
minimizing the impact of disease and disability . the concept of
prevention is best defined in the context of levels, traditionally called
primary, secondary and tertiary prevention”
Learning outcome The graduates of the program shall be able to
1.Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural and health sciences,
and humanities in the practice of nursing
2.Provide safe, appropriate, and holistic care to individual, families,
population group, and community utilizing nursing process.
3.Apply guidelines and principles of evidence-based practice in the
delivery of care.
4.Practice nursing in accordance with existing laws, legal, ethical and
moral principles.
5.Communicate effectively in speaking, writing, and presenting using
culturally appropriate language.
6.Document to include reporting up-to-date client care accurately
and comprehensively.
7.Work effectively in collaboration with inter-, intra-, and multi-
disciplinary and multicultural teams.
8.Practice beginning management and leadership skills in the
delivery of client care using a systems approach.
9.Conduct research with an expert researcher
Learning objective At the end of this module, the student should be able to
1. Describe the concept of prevention
2. Describe the levels of prevention
3. Give example of each level of prevention
Discussion
Health state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity .The goal of health prevention is to promote health , to restore health when impaired and
to minimize suffering and distress
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1. Primary Prevention – precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy
individuals or groups
– Purpose: to decrease the risk or exposure of the individual or community to
disease.
Focus: health promotion; protection against specific health problems
– Examples:
• Health education on healthy lifestyle
• Immunizations
• Risks assessment for specific diseases
• Family planning services and marriage counseling
• Environmental sanitation and provision of adequate housing, recreation,
and work conditions
2. Secondary Prevention –includes prevention of complication and disabilities
– Purpose: to identify individuals in an early stage of a disease process and to limit
future disability.
– Focus: early identification of health problems;
prompt intervention to alleviate health problems
• Screening surveys and procedures of any type
• Encouraging regular medical and dental check-ups
• teaching self examination for breast and testicular cancer
• Assessing the growth and development of children
• Nursing assessments and care provided in home, hospitals and other
agencies to prevent complications (e.g. turning bedridden clients to
prevent pressure ulcers etc.)
3. Tertiary Prevention – begins after an illness, when a defect or disability is fixed,
stabilized, or determined to be irreversible.
– Purpose: Help rehabilitate individuals and restore them to an optimum level of
functioning within the constraints of disability.
Focus: restoration; rehabilitation
• Referring a client who has had a colostomy to a support group
• Teaching a client who has diabetes to identify and prevent complications
• Teaching a client to use crutches
SCENARIO
Mia Me is a 62 year old man with diabetes, diagnosed 3 years ago,who presents to the
outpatient diabetes clinic for a routine preventive check up. He, complaints of occasional
dizziness when rising in the morning. Mia me follows 1600 calories diabetic diet. He is married
with two grown children and is a retired construction worker. He states,” I go the gym 3 times a
week”
Vital signs: T 37 degrees Celsius, PR 118 bpm, RR 18cpm, BP 120/70 mmHg
Glucose reading :96mg/dl
Weight: 165pounds
HT: 5 feet.8 inches
Question :
1. What step-by step approach should you take to identify and resolve this patient’s
problem?
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2. What other prevention levels should be included in this patients care?
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Activity 2.
What are the primary interventions (preventions) for COVID 19.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
