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COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE &
CONCEPT OF OPERATING SYSTEM
CONTENT
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
INPUT HARDWARE
PROCESSING HARDWARE
MEMORY HARWARE
STORAGE HARDWARE
OUTPUT HARDWARE
COMMUNICATON HARDWARE
CONCEPT OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Computer Architecture refers to the design and
organization of the components that make up a
computer system. It is the blueprint for how a
computer processes data and performs tasks.
Essentially, computer architecture defines the
structure and behavior of the system's
hardware, as well as the interaction between its
various parts. The goal of computer
architecture is to optimize performance,
efficiency, and functionality within a computing
system.
..
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Input hardware refers to the physical devices used
to provide data and instructions to a computer
system. These devices allow users or other systems
to interact with the computer by entering data that
the computer can process.
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INPUT HARDWARE
KEYBOARD MOUSE
MICROPHONE SCANNER
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INPUT HARDWARE
WEBCAM TOUCHSCREEN
DIGITAL STYLUS/
CAMERA GRAPHICS TAB
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INPUT HARDWARE
GAME
SENSORS
CONTROLLERS
FINGERPRINT BARCODE
SCANNER READER
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The
CPU, often referred to as the
"brain" of the computer, performs
most of the data processing. It
executes instructions from
programs, performs calculations,
and controls other components of
the computer system.
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STORAGE
HARDWARE
Storage hardware refers to the components of a
computer system responsible for storing data, programs,
and other types of information. It plays a critical role in
ensuring that data is retained and accessible for
processing when needed. Storage hardware can be
categorized into primary storage, secondary storage, and
tertiary storage, each serving different purposes based
on speed, capacity, and cost.
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Memory: Memory stores data and
instructions for the CPU to access.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
CACHE MEMORY
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Output hardware refers to the physical
OUTPUT
devices that allow a computer to
communicate processed information to
the outside world. These devices are
HARWARE
essential for providing users with
results from computations, displaying
visual information, producing sound, or
generating physical representations of
digital data
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OUTPUT DEVICES
MONITER PRINTER
A monitor is the primary output device Printers are output devices
used to display visual information to used to produce hard copies
the user, including text, graphics, and of digital documents or
video images.. .
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OUTPUT DEVICES
SPEAKER /HEADPHONE PROJECTOR
A projector takes the output from
Audio output devices are used to a computer and displays it on a
produce sound, such as music, large screen or surface, typically
speech, or sound effects. used for presentations, movies, or
educational purposes
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OUTPUT DEVICES
PLOTTER HAPTIC DEVICE
A plotter is an output device that Haptic output devices
produces hard copies of large- provide tactile feedback
scale designs, graphs, and to the user through
drawings vibrations or motions
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Communication hardware refers to the physical
devices and components that enable data
COMMUNICATION
transmission between computers, network
devices, and other peripherals. These devices
facilitate the exchange of information over
HARDWARE
various networks, including local area networks
(LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the
internet. Communication hardware can be
categorized into network interface devices,
transmission media, and networking devices, all
of which work together to support data
communication within and between computer
systems
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COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
01 02 03
NETWORK INTERFACE MODEM (MODULATOR - ROUTER
CARDS (NIC) DEMODULATOR) A router is a device that
A Network Interface Card A modem is used to convert forwards data packets
(NIC) is a hardware digital data from a computer between computer networks.
component that allows a into analog signals for It acts as a gateway between
computer or other device to transmission over telephone different network segments,
connect to a network lines or cable systems, and vice such as a local area network
versa (LAN) and the internet
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COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
04 05 06
FIBER OPTICS TRANS HUB SWITCH
RECIEVERS A switch is a networking device
Fiber optic transceivers are A hub is an older networking that connects devices within a
hardware devices used to device that connects multiple local area network (LAN). It
transmit and receive data over devices in a local area network operates at the data link layer and
fiber optic cables. They convert (LAN). is responsible for forwarding data
electrical signals into light frames to the correct destination
signals (and vice versa) for high- devices based on MAC addresses.
speed communication
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CONCEPT OF
OPERATING SYSTEM
An Operating System (OS) is fundamental
software that manages computer hardware and
software resources and provides common
services for computer programs. It serves as an
intermediary between users and the computer
hardware, enabling efficient and secure
operation of the system
KEY FUNCTION OF
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OPERATING SYSTEM
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
The OS manages processes, which are instances of programs that are
being executed. It ensures the execution of processes in an orderly
fashion and allocates resources to them. This includes the creation,
scheduling, and termination of processes
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
The OS controls the computer's memory, managing the allocation and
deallocation of memory space to various processes. This ensures that
each process has enough memory to execute without interfering with
others
KEY FUNCTION OF
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OPERATING SYSTEM
FILE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
The OS manages files on storage devices (like hard drives,
SSDs), including file creation, storage, organization, and access.
It provides a structured way for users and programs to store
and retrieve files
DEVICES MANAGEMENT
The OS manages input and output devices (like printers,
keyboards, displays) through device drivers, which are
specialized programs that allow the OS to communicate with
hardware.
KEY FUNCTION OF
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OPERATING SYSTEM
SECURITY AND ACCESS
The OS enforces security policies to protect the system from
unauthorized access. This includes user authentication (e.g.,
passwords), data encryption, and setting access permissions
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BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES OF
REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
OPERATING SYSTEM
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM
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THANK
YOU!
