CHE 111: Chemical Reactions Tutorial
1. Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds.
(a) mercury(I) nitrite
Hg2(NO2)2 ( Note: Mercury (I) ion is Hg22+)
(b) mercury(II) chloride
HgCl2 (Note: Mercury (II) ion is Hg2+)
(c) caesium sulphide
Cs2S
(d) calcium phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
(e) rubidium sulphate
Rb2SO4
(f) barium hydride
BaH2
(g) Magnesium bicarbonate
MgHCO3
2. Name the following compounds
(a) Cl2 = Molecular chlorine
(b) NO2= Nitrogen dioxide
(c) Cu2CO3= Copper(I) carbonate
(d) Cu(ClO4)2.6H2O =Copper (II) perchlorate hexahydrate
(e) N2O5= Dinitrogen pentoxide
(f) CCl4 =Carbon tetrachloride
(g) P4O10=Tetraphosphorus decoxide
3. Balance the following reactions
(a) Fe2+ + Cr2O72- Fe3+ + Cr3+ (in acidic medium)
First identify which species is being oxidised or reduced. Write their half redox equations
Oxidation
Fe2+ Fe3+ (oxidation number of Fe increasing from +2 to +3)
Reduction
Cr2O72- Cr3+ (Oxidation number of Fe reducing from +6 to +3)
Make sure all atoms except oxygen atoms are balanced.
Fe2+ Fe3+ (oxidation)
Cr2O72- 2Cr3+(Reduction)
Balancing oxygen atoms (will be balanced only in the reduction equation) with water
molecules
Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Then Balance the hydrogen atoms using H+ ions
Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Cr2O72- + 14H+ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Balancing charges
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Fe2+ Fe3+ +e
Multiplying by appropriate coefficient to balance charges, a coefficient of 6 will be
multiplied to the oxidation half equation to give us
{Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr3+ + 7H2O} x1
{Fe2+ Fe3+ +e} x 6
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 6e
Cancelling the charges and adding up the two half equations will give us the following
balanced equation
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+
(b) Cr2O72- +C2O42- Cr3+ +CO2 (in basic medium)
Oxidation
C2O42- CO2
Reduction
Cr2O72- Cr3+
Balancing oxygen atoms
C2O42- 2CO2
Cr2O72- 2Cr3++ 7H2O
Balancing hydrogen atoms
C2O42- 2CO2
Cr2O72- +14H+ 2Cr3++ 7H2O
But since the reaction is in basic medium, we are going to add equal number of OH- ions
C2O42- 2CO2
Cr2O72- +14H++ 14 OH- 2Cr3++ 7H2O + 14OH-
C2O42- 2CO2
Cr2O7 +14H2O
2- 2Cr3++ 7H2O + 14OH-
C2O42- 2CO2 +2e
Cr2O7 +7H2O + 6e
2- 2Cr3++ 14OH-
{C2O42- 2CO2 +2e} x6
(Cr2O7 +7H2O + 6e
2- 2Cr3++ 14OH-} x2
6C2O42- 12CO2 +12e
2Cr2O7 +14H2O + 12e
2- 2Cr3++ 28OH-
6C2O42- (aq) + 2Cr2O72- (aq)+14H2O (l) 12CO2 (aq)+ 4Cr3+(aq) + 28OH- (aq)
Dividing each coefficient by 2 gives us
3C2O42- (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq)+7H2O (l) 6CO2 (aq)+ 2Cr3+(aq) + 14OH- (aq)
(c) Zn + 2AgCl ZnCl2 +2Ag
(d) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 +2H2O
(e) S +6HNO3 H2SO4 +6NO2 +2H2O
(f) Be2C +4H2O 2Be(OH)2 +CH4
(g) 2NH3 +3CuO 3Cu +N2 +3H2O
(h) 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O
4. what is the oxidation number of the named element in each of the following species?
(a) S in S2O62− ;
2x+6(-2) =-2
2x -12=-2
2x=10
X=+5, Oxidation state of S is +5
(b) Cl in ClO3− ;
X+3(-2)=-1
X-6=-1
X=+5, Oxidation state for Cl is +5
(c) P in P2O74−
2x +7(-2) =-4
2x -14=-4
2x=10
X=+5, Oxidation state for P is +5
(d) Cr in Cr(OH)3
x + 3(-2)+ 3(+1) =0
x-6+3=0
x-3=0
x=+3, Oxidation number for Cr is +3
(e) H in LiAlH4
+1+3+4x=0
4+4x=0
4x=-4
X=-1
(f) P in Na2HPO4
2(+1) +1+x+4(-2) =0
2+1+x-8=0
x-5=0
x=+5
(g) Fe in K4 Fe(CN)6
4(+1) + x+ 6(-1)=0
4+x-6=0
x=+2
5. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between each of the following reactants.
CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4 (aq) +H2O (l)
Cr2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) 2CrCl3 (aq) + 3H2O
Ag2O(s) +2 HNO3(aq) 2AgNO3 (aq) + H2O
6. write down redox half-reactions for the following reactions.
(a) Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2Ag(s) + Cu2+(aq)
Oxidation
Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) +2e
Reduction
2Ag+(aq) +2e 2Ag(s)
(b) 2Fe3+(aq) + Sn2+(aq) Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe 2+(aq)
Oxidation
Sn2+(aq) Sn4+(aq) +2e
Reduction
2Fe3+(aq) +2e 2Fe 2+(aq)
(c ) Zn (s) +Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) +Cu (s)
Oxidation
Zn (s) Zn2+ (aq)+2e
Reduction
Cu2+ (aq) +2eCu (s)
7. Complete and balance the following reactions and write the corresponding ionic and net
ionic equations
(a) CH3COOH (aq) + KOH (aq) CH3COOK (aq) + H2O (l)
Ionic equation
CH3COO- (aq) + H+(aq) + K+(aq) + (OH)-(aq) CH3COO- (aq) + K+(aq) + H2O (l)
Net ionic equation
H+(aq) + (OH)-(aq) H2O (l)
(b) 2HClO4 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (aq) Mg(ClO4)2 (aq)+ 2H2O (l)
Ionic equation
2H+ (aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2(OH)-(aq) Mg2+(aq) +2ClO4- (aq)+ 2H2O (l)
Net ionic equation
2H+ (aq) + 2(OH)-(aq) 2H2O (l)
(c) H2CO3(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) Na2CO3 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Ionic equation
2H+(aq) + CO32- (aq)+ 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 2Na+(aq) + CO32- (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Net ionic equation
2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 2H2O (l)
8. Characterise the following as soluble or insoluble in water
Use solubility rules
(a) Ca3(PO4)2= insoluble
(b) Mn(OH)2= insoluble
(c) AgClO3= Soluble
(d) K2S = Soluble
