Presents
CRACKING CODES OF BONE
CANCER
A JOURNEY FROM
CHALLENGE to TRIUMPH
Table of contents
Prevalence
Types of Bone cancer
What are the signs
and symptoms
Who are at risk?
Screening and
diagnosis
Treatment
When to consult a
doctor?
Advice from us
Bibliography
Meet our team
PREVALENCE
——————————————————————
Primary bone sarcomas are RARE
TUMOURS and comprise 0.2% of all
INDIA
cancers.
4000 new cases of bone cancer are being
diagnosed in India per year.
The rate of new cases of bone and joint
cancer is 1.0 per 100,000 men and women per
year coming under the category of
“FORGOTTEN CANCERS‘‘ .
AGE AND GENDER
———————————————————————
Happens more often in Teens are the most commonly
children ,teens and young affected age group, but people
adults mostly between the of any age can develop bone
ages of 10 and 30. cancer.
About 1 in 10 bone sarcomas Happens slightly more
occur in people older than 60 often in males than in
years. females.
TYPES OF BONE CANCER :
Bone cancer is a rare but serious disease where
malignant cells form in the bones.
There are several types of bone cancer,
Osteosarcoma ( most common ), which often affects children and
young adults, and typically starts in the bones around the knee.
Ewing’s sarcoma is another type that is more common in children
and teenagers, often starting in the bones of the pelvis, thigh, or
chest wall.
Chondrosarcoma, usually seen in adults, begins in the
cartilage cells and can occur in any part of the body.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for
improving outcomes, so awareness of symptoms
like persistent bone pain, swelling, and fractures is
essential.
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS ?
Mostly the disease lies asymptomatic .....
but symptoms do appear with progression of disease.
Bone pain and swelling
A patient with a bone tumour initially complains of pain
with an alteration in his functional capability
irrespective of the presence or absence of a palpable
mass.
The most common sites - are around the knee or in the
upper arm, but they can occur in other bones as well.
Limb pain and swelling are common in normal,
active children and teens.
These mostly resemble normal bumps and
bruises,due to which people do not visit a
doctor right away, thus delaying the diagnosis.
If your child has these
These symptoms are
symptoms and they don't
less common in adults.
go away within a few
If there is a sign,they
weeks [ or get worse], see
should go see a doctor
a doctor so that the cause
even sooner.
can be found and treated ,
if needed.
WHO ARE AT RISK?
The risk is highest for those
between ages of 10 and 30 ,
AGE especially during the teenage
growth spurt.
The risk goes down in middle age,
but rises again in older adults
[above 60 yrs ] .
Children with osteosarcoma are
HEIGHT usually tall for that age. This
also suggests osteosarcoma
may be related to rapid bone
growth.
Osteosarcoma is more
common in males than in
GENDER females .
But, females develop it earlier
as they experience their
growth spurts earlier than
males.
People who were treated
previously with radiation
RADIATION therapy for another cancer
THERAPY appear to have a high risk of
developing osteosarcoma later
in that area that was exposed to
radiation.
Genetic predisposition and
INHERITANCE mutation of certain genes are
seen.
Other than radiation , there are no known lifestyle
related or environmental causes of
osteosarcomas = so it's important to remember
that in most cases people with these cancers
could have done nothing to prevent them.
Bone cancer - is it deadly
Bone cancers are usually not fatal.
Most patients make a full recovery after
treatment, provided that the cancer hasn’t yet
spread too much across the body
The 5 year relative survival rate for bone cancer is 66.8%.This
means that 66.8% of people with bone cancer are still alive till 5
years after their diagnosis. 66.8%
Earlier the diagnosis, more the survival rate.
Survival rate also depends upon overall health, age, response to
treatment.
It is important for you to discuss the specific details of your
condition with your doctor.
Screening and diagnosis :
Accurate diagnosis is mandatory in
management of Bone Cancers.
Even though there are no accurate early
screening tests for Bone cancers, it can be
detected early with proper self awareness of
signs and symptoms.
CT scan Bone
PET scan
Biopsy
Screening
and
diagnostics
X-RAY
MRI
Complete
blood count
and Alkaline
Phosphatase
level
TREATMENT
Surgery is an important part of treatment for
most types of bone cancer. It typically includes:
• Biopsy to diagnose the cancer
• Surgical removal of the tumour(s).
The main goal of surgery is to remove all of the cancer.
If even a small amount of cancer is left behind, it
might grow and make a new tumour, and might
even spread to other parts of the body..
Tumours in the arms or legs might be treated with either:
Limb-salvage (limb-sparing) surgery: removing the cancer and
some surrounding normal tissue but leaving the limb
basically intact.
Amputation: removing the cancer and all or part of an arm or
leg.
The goal of limb-salvage surgery is to remove all of the cancer
and still leave a working leg or arm. This type of surgery is very
complex and needs to be done by surgeons with special skills
and experience.
For some patients, amputation of a part or a whole limb is the
best option. For example, if the tumor is very large or if it has
grown into major nerves and/or blood vessels.
It is also done when an infection develops after the limb sparing
surgery and the infection does not respond to treatment.
WHEN TO CONSULT A
DOCTOR
1) Persistent bone pain,swelling or tenderness
2) Lump (A hard mass)
3) Weak bones - Fractures
IF YOU EXPERIENCE ANY OF THE ABOVE IN A PARTICULAR
AREA (BONES) OVER A PERIOD OF TIME AND YOU DON’T
KNOW WHY,
CONSULT A DOCTOR FOR SURE TO AVOID DELAYED
TREATMENT AND FAST RECOVERY,
AS THE DOCTORS CAN HELP IN DIAGNOSING THE
UNDERLYING CAUSE.
BEING OPTIMISTIC : KEY TO RECOVERY
BONE CANCER IS NOT FATAL. (THERE’S ALWAYS HOPE…)
SURVIVAL RATE = 76%
CANCER MAY NOT JUST AFFECT YOU BUT ALSO YOUR NEAR AND DEAR.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO FOR YOU TO BE EMOTIONALLY STABLE
WITH A RAY OF HOPE FOR YOUR BETTER RECOVERY.
ADVICE FROM US:
# SEEK HELP FROM FRIENDS AND FAMILY TO
COPE UP WITH ONGOING STRESS - GIVES YOU
PSYCHOLOGICAL RELIEF.
# JOIN A COUNSELLING CARE TEAM - IT WILL
GIVE YOU MENTAL SUPPORT AS YOU CAN HEAR
THE SURVIVAL STORIES FROM THE WARRIORS
THEMSELVES.
Bibliography
1) Turek’s orthopedics principles and their application. (7th edition)
2) Indian journal of musculoskeletal radiology (Mss-ijmsr.com)
3) Burden of cancers in India - Estimates of cancer crude incidence
,YLLs , YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer
Registry Program,BMC Cancer.
4) American Cancer Society (www.cancer.org)
5) National Cancer Institute.
6) Clevelandclinic.org
7) BLK-MAX - Delhi
8) www.hopkinsmedicine.org
9) Pubmed central bank (pubmed.ncbi.nih.gov)
10) Epidemiology of rare cancers in India and South Asian
countries - Remembering the forgotten. Lancet Reg Health
Southeast Asia,2023.
Validated by
Dr.ANITHA NADAGOUNI
DNB General Medicine
Assistant professor
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research , Hyderabad.
Meet Our Team
P.B. BHARATH CHANDRA
Founder,
Head of Editing Team
Batch 2021
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research,Hyderabad.
NAVDEEP ASHWINI
Co-founder , Supervisor
Batch 2020
Kakatiya Medical College,Warangal.
REGULA NITHIN
Head of Social media team
Batch 2020
Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute
of Medical Sciences ,
Karimnagar.
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DASARI PRIYA TARANI NAIDU SUNAISHA ADDANKI
Head of Content creation team Head of Designing team
Batch 2021 Batch 2021
Apollo Institute of Medical Gandhi Medical College ,
Sciences and Research ,
Secunderabad.
Hyderabad.
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Content creator
Batch 2022
Mamatha Academy of Medical
Sciences , Bachupally.
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SAFORA TAZEEN ASHNA K REDDY
Designer-in-chief Co-Designer
Batch 2022 Batch 2022
Deccan College of Medical Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences
Sciences , Hyderabad. and Research , Hyderabad.
KRUTHI.K
Co-Designer
Batch 2021
Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of
Medical Sciences , Karimnagar.
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Editor in chief
Batch 2020
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences
and Research
Hyderabad.
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Editor
Batch 2022
Kamineni Academy of Medical
Sciences and Research centre
LB Nagar.
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“TOGETHER,WE STAND STRONG AGAINST BONE
CANCER : AWARENESS , SUPPORT , CURE.”
