chopor-9

Ra opics, ond op-iral hrhru,pnl"

Ray
gttrovtrovels taitaoonrl. sPeed th vacuum

C 3x1o8 msec
Payfhe
he Pah of rgh,'is lled a roy
Pa
Beom - Bundle of ray is coll eo beom
Begm

Refctron of lighl
Reflection is he phehome-
hon of chanqe th
Poth of ight wrthou aohy
chavge tn medium. norma

A B

inciden Y reflecded roy)

Yey)
T TTYTTTTIT7 Mro

qs of ref tocthon
Aingle of
of inidere is eqval to angle of refle4

Lu LY
ncrden Yqy(A), refleo ed roy (B) qhd ho
rmel (M),
all he h #he Sorm.e plne.
 spheriol Mivors
(oncaue mro ohose eflocHinq Srfore trs
oloords he Cohtre of the
spher of which he miror s a fort

(ohvex MIro whose, reflecting Surfare 1s

Gay trom 4he (ontre of he
sphere..
M

Some Pottanl ders

Rodiul of (rvature. fhe dutaure bt he pole
and e Cene of (urvaluTe
of the miTror rolled rady of
CPc)
role Contre fon of flerhing Surfore o
he Mmror.

rintipal fotur (F) !. A Pont on 4he prnttpol ois

Ohe
the Mitor 9 which +4he thrdeht ays.
Oh. he mrror h a duect1o Porollelto the
mhpalars meet or PPerto diverqe
afHer reflecttons colfled prihpal torus (F).

CE

Fpcal, plone he phane Perpehdirulor to the

Tintpal axs Qhd pasng 4through the
torur of +he miror i rallec. foral plane.

Uoe In
In Case of a fonvex mirror, F isa Uiru9
Poimt, where ftom +he ray after reflection
appear to duerge.
For (onaue, F is real t. where roys ofler
relection fromthe mror octuatly mee.
SigSig fohuention!
mea sured rom pole (P) of
A islantes are

MIYTOY
Spheviral
The
he disloners easured
he dreckion of
toNer os fotive 9vé ohd
qre
thidence fiqht
4he
4he disqnres meosyied o dinecth ofposte
4o 4he divection f hcidente of i9ht
he o ph as heg9fiue

ohd perpendrgor
he heiqhBs meosyred puoards
Postive
to 4he hcpol axis ave Nen
doon tards are
ahd the herghls meqsyred

taRen as negfive.
hdenl h .
dis fance glonq intider
Heighls
pwords
lighBliqht ve
P.

distagnulA
Heighs innident igt
ve A
downwad
Ove Mirar

ahd radis or
Reladionbetweon foral length.
fuYvatme
lehe fonre of curvalive. of he miwor be C.
onider aa Yoy
Yay
Povollel do 4he rinipal ari,
a,
iniden al M. Ir! angle o md inrdehte be

M
A MDC
10
D
P fan0 MD
C
C D

Sor A MDF
Han0 MD
for Small FD.

So mp 0=MO
cD FD

from
.
e and O

mp
mD FD CD
fD cb
or Small ahgle O

FDFP CF), CO CP CR)

O Ima qes
qes foYDied by ftoo nclined plane mirror
he humber (h of he m9qesof.9h gyect
placed etweeh tto0 plane hirrorr hched

Qh, hoe .
(1 360 even tndeger theh, h 60 -1 |

( ) f 36 o dd hteqer
(a) he obyreds h Symnetrirol fohditoh heh

|h= (340 -1

/2 obyect
7777T77T
77

) he
She obecf S h osymmetrica fohds 4heh
h 360

object

Ti7TiTTyTi7TI
Some Imporfan Yules
ars
4he Pincipal
() hident ray parallel to
aeors to be
be
hrough the fotur
or
Passes
afler relection.
Pastmg +hrough i

hcndent vay passhg hrovgh +he. (onBre of

offer
(orugture relurns an he Same pa th
.

eflectioh.

fotus befomes
(C) neiden roy fosmg hrovghhe
vollelo the prihttpal aris after Teflection.

dd he Yay thciden on he Pole, fhen reflected

Yays
Yqus obtame Fqul ahle rinapalavis.
 Fe
C

MroY Pquahonmor or mul

te an
objecf AB c hrld prPen dirdar 4o 4he

incipal ais of he mior beyond C

6y he gfometry

q. 0ABC ad ABC are similoy,So hot

AB CB -0

Agsen
Agon os D ABP and 0 P ane Sinilar, So

4hat AB PB
PB
 CB PB
C PB'

by meosring alt di'skonce rom P

CB PB-Pc. ahd CB Pc PB

Sb PB-Pc PB
Pc+P PR
uSinq Siqh fohventions
P8 4, P c -A, P -
disonce of object fror the Pale
distonce of mage trom the
U pole
4+R
- R +u

UR+R=

66y divdng both siele -by uuR

UR +uR 2uV
uUR uUR uuR

F
L
 hhis relations colled yator torlg.
ineay ma ghification (m)
of 4he
Tis defined ar the rofio' of e height
hage (h') o he hi height of the objrc4 Ch).
epresented by m"
m =Heiqkt,of tmeqe h
h
Height, of objecf
Yom A ABP qnd a ' ' P Qrp Similar

So AB Pe
A'B' PA

P m A B
AB AB

On 4Sthg 4he Sigh Coiuehsio

uSin
-v -u h

u
h , h,y andv
mh are aken attorcsg
to Sqn louen fion
 Note ni
0Lohen I ima qe ormPd fsmaqhifird
when ImkT
haqe ,fornedi Diminithod
when m is fositueInaqe murt he etect
(.e Virdy4l)
when mir heqofiue, mage mus e thvertr
Ci.e teal)
Immaqe formation for sphericol mn ror
tor Concqve mior

() Loheh objert is phred. at intinte Cu=o)

ato fus
Real
Inuertedted (m-ve)
Very Sall in ize ( Highly diminishrd)

6) tohen oketis plared beloeen ininte qhd (onhre

of fyrvaBure
mage
b4o F and c
Reel
Inuer ed (m: -ve)
Small tn Si2e ( dminished
 C)
when obee4i placed a (Pdre oP (uvgfyre"
mage
at C
Real
huerlrd (m:-Ve)
qual n Si2e

(d)when obyecdisplaced between Cehlre of tvatue

and focus

maae
B t C qnd o
Rel
nverked (m -ve)
lorqe in Si2e thMagnified)

Im1>
(e) when obrect is plared ak. fbrus
tmaqe
aB oo

Inveyted (m-ve)

Very farge in se
(Highly maqnitie)
mlYL
 f ohen obect i plarrd betoeen Fotes qhd pole
Imaqe
Behid he mror
Uryal
C
Erecf (m 4ue)
lorgeth si2e ( maghified
Iml

tor Conlex fmIror

fanaqe
mage totmed
y (oyvex Mirror
is aloas viral, erect
and Soaller in Size (drmisished)
()Lohen bheet is ploced o h finide

Imaqe
qtf
Uithal
Tec4 "m 4UVe)
VPry Smell in Srze (HighBy dimnshed)
ImlKL

(6) when object i pleced ahy tohere oh the printipal

maqe
Btw Pohd F
Vrtual C

Erec4C 4Ve)
Snall h See ( dimmhished
fmN
Nofe Ih Cose of Cohfove mror. moghiticotron
may be
moy Posfive ar heggtrue , buf n Cose
of ConVex miTO, maghific fion s Positue
only
(onCoUe Miors ove ured in Vehicler heodlighh
qhd chavihg mivrors

(ohUex
(onUex rors qve sed h reorUiew MTor
ih
th vehicles and shop Serrty miror.

Refroction
etroction is 4he benoiq ot
llhght rqys tohen it posses from ohe medm
to Qhother medu. he bèndmg is Cosed
to
due to he differentes in densty (opiel dexnly)
etuoeen e too me diym.

hchdent Relecled

YQy
.

Cnlass Y
fe
Retractve mdex Re rofio of speed of light in
lght in
vatwm br qir to he speed of
hght in e medium is called he refroctive thdex
() of a medkum,

Speed ight in varvymlair (C)

of

SPeed of light in medium (U)

when light pasies from one neohym 1 to ghofher
medym 2, the refractue hdex of medhym 2 with

resect 1 sorifen as 'M, or H

Ha hd is

Called rela we retrg chue tnder

Ha
.c/v
SPeed of light in medwm 1
speed o light im mealm

>H1, lghtrovels slouer ih medim 9hd

teracted vay bends touonds e horma.
Such a medium i's taltled ah opreally denir

hedhsm+han medrum 1.
htio heon(arr)
gle
(medn 2)
rekractedrqy
 hoh Qrr
waler On op-ically donser medum
So
So rehorled ray bevd tisar ds hor ma
't

H U

So

VaVoeher
,,light trovels Fopter in nPdrum d
he refrocted ay ehds owoy
rom
Trom

+he hormal. Such a medum is called an opty

he
Yarer medumthan nPdym1.

hideh!
n denC glass)

re frocted
medium
Ty
(cogder)

wqter is oplically g r e r fdiym +han glas.

on

roM hormo.
So
So efrartod yoy Phd 0wgy
U
V2
Vondo
 Refroue lhdex or aiv
C

Steed of ove

So Speed of
V

iqh!
freqnty)
(d qve Ierq4 h)
Fd (U Speed of woe)

durinq he refiortion, tequety of light doeh

chang
So tor nedsm

for medim V Fda

Yelatue refrathue index
He
H

H Va

(K,) d)
Ayedvlet So 4lot red Med ole
 Durmg he rerocfio
Durihg

[Link] d folour of light roy. dont ckange,

don'l ckonqe
tooue lenq4,veloidyhd direhon of tght chasge.

laws of Reraction
The th Crdent Yqy , the refrocted foy hd horm,
al le h Same plane
Shelt's lauo e rahio o the Sine of hgle o
thcidente t to he She oP ghgle of
elracthon (r) is (onstant. fora

Sn Ha H
Sinr
4,Sini N Sir
Telroctwe index of medhum .[Link] 1

Re hgcdion are recdangular sab

glaus sla
Qr (Ha)

shift/displ«rearnf
glasst afer9

9 ) MA
 A Shett's low ot

Sin t Hg 0

Aplymg Snell's loo atM

Hg Siht Sin HaSinYa
,
Ha Sm2
trom O and

Sinl SinTa
Sin Sin tg

rom fiqe So SinlgSi

.So, Snt Sth2

Or

h e emerqenk Yay is p9rollel to the hciden Yqy

1 h e emevqen roy is laterally shited / de plared
w.r.t he inident ray.

laleral displerenent t Smi, ( 1 os

thiekhess of glar sa
l a v e tefrvcwe der of qus slob wt 9r
inrident Qnqle
 Real dep#h ad -paren depth ofa fonK.
Oevyer

T4 ..o
real degthtobecd di.)
Pporen depth haqe di.)
di ploremen /sh/Fl
=
h h'
-

NoYmal
PParenk dep+h real depth
eloue relractive idr
of medvn4 medn

amb depth eel drh

h
Pro

AUoYm al shift=h -h h( Mwa

Forly Smise Delsyed Sesel t As tiot Com

toing
 iF
rom
Tom Passes hroah 4he
He Sun atmosphere,
s
resut'of which, he Sun
9erefroleo. As
Qhd aér
Visible beore he aclyol Suhhse

acual Sunse. e tme d:f. *Sekween qrha

Suhise/Syhsel qnd appaent Suhisef Kunsel is

two mmue. Re Uirtua lallening (oval shape)

to
OF Sn al Suhrise Ghd sunset s also due

amospheric refrartion f ligh

Horinonla
O
forh

Am
dewer .

edium

Total Indernal ze-Reflection (TIR) J

when aa rqy of lrqh trovels from onoP4ically dehser
of
mdimo an ofticolly rarer meium if angle ,

inCidene (i) is greher han 4he citicol angle, then

+he ray of ght is tompletely refleried ba c to
the
he Sqme medhym . 17is is olle TIR.

(rcl angle. is fhe qhgle of inidente at which

angle of refsotion ts 9

e prose,lrd by OR ic
 (trdru 2)
(tarer
hvm

toafer (dener ed
(hodrum 1)
USnqSnel's louo
Sinte , Sin9
HSintc H

Sihtc Sinlc
tefrachive holer of denwer
medum with
resect to Yqrer mediym
wlbe
Sin le

Sini Ha qs le, theh

So, tor more denser medium,
the valve of triteol
gnle s less So c e

,
Sphericat Pefrachrg Surboces
A Yerra ctinq Syrface wkich. torms a part
of sphere of transporant retrackihg maerial
is Colled a spheri al refracding Surtoce.

Refracdion al spheriraSufare:-

edum2
H)
O

mdrum(H,)
Accordingg to Shetl's la
H, Sin H Sinr
tor Small angles

0
As erderna anqle of a riongle is egvol to Su
Sem
of nteralopasie angles +here foe n 0iAc

Br+y,' B-
Simi lavdy in: o AC

i4P, Y: P-Y{
trom
 Srface is mall,
As apertme -of the sphericol

Somi cloe fo P
MoPo, mcePc
mi Pi

n 0AM tqn AM AM
mo Po
h ABC
fanB AM. AM

9ny Am Am

rP and , are Small So hn0 )

d AM B Am AM

Po Pe

the values of d,P ad y 1 P 9

Pul
Am
,AM + AM AM
fc
21 . fo Pc

Ha
Po P
H i
o P PC

USing Stoh foen Sio

Po-U P t j Pc 4R
 +

R
u,u ondR are +aten aoroling to
Sigh (onvention
, Re fractive hdex oP he mednum from
which 4he ayis (ominq (incident ray)
Re Re frartive thdex of 4he medym n
ohich 4he ray is going (refracded rau)

lenses A lens is qrons parént tefrecting

medium bound by ttoo spherical Surfetes atleast
Ohe of which should e spherical.

ypes oflons
(ohvex or (onvergin enses
+hic er ih the mid dle,+hin at the edqe,.
edre

Bt Convex ens Plano -owe ohcavo (onuex

Doble (onvex lens
 (ohfove or Drverqrhg lehs
+hin at middle qhd thick edge).

6 Confov Plaho -fonta ve (ohueXo- (onfave

.Jens len

mpordan term
R,RYadiyi or
C (enkre of
vae (Urvaure
he the joihing4he
t o (ehey of vgtre
ofleus (alled for (onvx
itipal ai.
R -Ve
C

for foncave
R
R,-Ue
C2
Rtte
 optical (onre. A pt. on
pntipal oris:ot Irhs

+hrough tohich aoy of ight

goes hdeviqted.

C C caC2
,

fotus foch lehs hs too forus on he

Pincpal axS
t i s t orus

Seto hd orus (mam toru

#e Ve
oral lent5
nes
he haKer' forulg .
Assem on
.les is thin
edhym'on both Sides qre Sqme
Sqme.

(onsider s of rods
4he folloong double (ohuer

of (rvBure R, d R
1e mo
ma qe Formohon wiltoNe Ih two Sfefs
he ge

O he reachng rfae 1 (reg les image Tof

4he objef o.

he
he tnage 'T arts 9S uirual obect for he
efractn Syrfoce which Forms +he, na! image

mdun hedum 1
C4)
(H)
Ca T C

Pdun

usin
4Sing for avl of spheri tal sn fore
H
 fOY Firs S»rfare olehs
R, div ot
(yrvgBue
H-H
-0 fbr t SuT fare
oF tens.
for Setohd Sr oce of leh

V
M-H -

Addmg bothqua

Hi

:*(1) [%, 2.)|-0

when oecf is at infhity,1maqe is forarol al
4he principal fotur of +he ens.
wheh V = F ( tocal lengBh of lPnu)

(-1) R
7
(o1
ram Poo 3 9d
 .

This fs alled +he 4kn lehs tormula

inegmaghiticof ionm rodured by o lenslm).

T s defihed as 4he rotio o the si2e of the

imaqe (' fo the she of the objec )(1).

,

ha(ohuey?hs

DABo qhd A6o qe

U
Soilor So
AB oB h

So

Mh V
ower of.a ens
he abily of 4he lensto
(on Uerge
(oh Uege a beom o light falling On he lens
is alled Power of ens

he recip of foral
T S meaSred qs
lehgfh oF +he enhs
Pr

ACCording fo lens maNev's ormylg

M-4 (,
P (!) R2

tov
tor aa (ohue rqinq lens ( tonuer) , foweris fositive

qhd tor diverqrng lens (ohcave) , Power is

neqatve .

h e ST h of Powev sdioptre.( D)

dioptre i is 4he Potoe of lens of Forel lengt5

Ohe metre.

tohenis in Cmn P loo

Combination ofenses h (odoct.

Consider +too
foral
A and B of Iongh F
lenss
4he, object is plorod ol pt o, then
dfa le
Produtes maqe Twhich
gets as
he firsl lens
lehses 9re
aUryaobjct for Se tond Iehs.
qlP.
Ahin So
hin, So oPtical Centve of ttso fenses Coi'hide

L
CA)A
)

ehs to rhula'tor lens

ehs tor mula tor lens R

oddmg e o
u
 Iet the o lenSes be eplh red. by a Single tens
of fotal leqth F which torms image L of dih
oF an obect at olisth u from he O

fo s lehs

rom e &

F
tor
for hh umlers of +hin lenSes in fontard toth foral

length F,fa, Fa,, h

+
F fn

Not et foa length for (ohuer 1e,s ) +F

-F
fo cal lehg!h for Concove less

ern
teram offower
P P +3+P,4 +,
Ne maqificafion of the fombihhohs ofehjes
 Suck Sysfem e seddh opical Atrymeat
comerq
i c roSfope, +eleisrope

ReFrection Hhrouqh Prism

sm

is a (ombinatOh of a refrackinq
Sm A pvism
Surfoces
Srfe ce s where 4he tnciden gnd the emerqont
Syr Face s are hot Poraltel

Agle Angle of prism angle bta +he n ciden gnd

he emergent foce.

Angle of deviaton qhole bto he thCiden rqy

Prodyted toroard ahd +he emeryen
ray Produred backwards
Consider +he follo3ihg0 Prism ABChe 9hgle of
hciden and refrartion on fore AB ge iahd Y
+he ghgle of
resprctuely while on +he o+her fare
re frachen ghd emergeh e are Y 9hd eresperfively,
4

e
-

B
(onsider Ahe. qua drile tero1 ALoM

LA+Lo " L + tm 180°)

LO LA+ lo +lLtLm
from 4ri9nqhe LOm `6)
Lr,+rtLo= 180' 9

+a A
Angle of oleviation
In ALNM S LNLM + LNmL

S t (e-r
S . i+e) - (r,tra)-
fom e d
S i+e)-A
the anale of inçidente hente
devigion depends on

beteen iad S
ploding greph

S
MIh
hen e, 4he cb devia tion S =Sm
is Mihin4m ie .

A inimym. deviation,h e vefrqct od rqy betomes

+he base f +he prism which
Parltel o
implhes = Y1he ve fore
= A

A,

and S-Ce) - A
ie)
So
So i-A

i=
4he medymoyder
etrctve thdex of prism Lo
Sih Sm+A

Si A)
for Small gle prism
Sn A (AtSm)
S(A l
S M1).A
 which
Simple microStope t is an
Instryment

See large
sused to
mage of Small objecf.

Ray diaqrom
A

B
f

D
ofa (ohuex ehs.
heory Stmple micro S(oPpe fonsis
btw fotus gnd opticol o nfre of
obyect is plated
lens
ens and a virtual magni fied image sformed
he
the

anqular moqni firafion maqnitym Power D+ is dened

S6tended by imoge to the

as he rotio o angle
gngle Sub tended by object

Case image formed al near Pomf

for smalgn qts

 AB
m tan
BC
tand AB BC

m
-u

ens tormula

m e ) "e)
m=-U

P
Case Image is tormed a o

B
D

tanP AB
= Be
AB Bc -e
gc
 Compound microscofe TH is device ohich
ssed to See uery

Small Porticle.

Pay dia grqm eye leh

objechive
lehs
Ue

B
Fo Fe

A''
Ve

heory
Theory he
he rqy dagram of (om poynd aCe
Microstofe
shoon in
hqure .Tt Consis4of two
wo
(ohuex ns one oP arge aperre and other of
Short for ture . 1he lons wth shor qporure Sis
placed hear +he obye c+ hd other lens is plated
he eue
m.
maghification t
=

ahqular maqnificqhon
TH is defined Qs the
the
Or
Fymq owe !
magmi Py
maghi
atio of angle Subtended by
mage
maqe to he angle subfended by objeck.
A'G"
for Shall angles anP D

tan B'C
AB

=A'p Sneof image C

AB Size of objecf

AB A'B A'B AB

m= me X m

sformed at foink
Case when final 1n9qge hear

e +D
me
fe
hen m oXMe (1+D

fufo, U,aL (L= lehq#h of he tule)

(t+
 Total lgth of he tube L= U.+e

is form ed at oo
Case li. henihg imaqe

me
Fe

MX
Me

Fe
for t

m D
to fe
sS
hdicates +hat he fih1ma qe
Negative Sign
hUerted.
siqm
Tdal lehgth of ule L= V,+ te

T o ge larqe magnifica ion for Smal| obects ,

the
+he obctive ghd eyepiece should hue Smal
fofal leng4h (so fooer hgh

Telescope Astrohomic al telestope) 1.

h stry mA
oheh is ysed for obsekung distmc imaqes of
of

heauenly
heguenly 6odiesRe SHars, planels [Link]
heory hes lehs Se parated by
Some dislare. he lens totaords he object is
Called lons e lens o toa rds+he ye ws
Pye
obectiue
Coll ed eyelens o6jrctve tehs ha arger glen
{han yeleys.

Ray diogrom for med

mcqe S a
tnfihiy
objecthve lens
Pyeles

C P
A

ma
gnifrakron 1 Ts defhed a he ratio of angle
subtended by moqe to he angle
subtended by object
m for Smel angles

m an AB
and
B'Ca
A'B' Fe
Im B'c
ve Sigh of m ndicates thaf in
-fe
tmaqe inverfed.
Phgth f the telestope L- t
Mote'
Peftochingq telestofe s have an a dditional pair of

InUerting lenses o make the fial tmaqe erect.

To ih(reasihq +he recoluing Power of he tele -

aperfure of 4he obectwe lehs is

Sfofe, larqer
ysedh an qstroho mirgl +eles (ofe.

Refloc 4inq +elestofes

he e 4eles topes h mirro obecthves are (alled
reflecthue +ele Sofes.
Aduan tages
he e gre no
chromatic aberra tion S
spherical aerrations qe alto removed.

(asseqrqin telescofe
n his Obectiwe irror is onfowe efohdery
Qho
mIror s
miror (onvax. irs,lhght ray eflected hrou gh
through
obyectiue i rror then setondary mirro r. at ler reflocla
Tqy PaSsIngthrough hle th he objective Primary

Yor - o b e c v e mirov

SMondy
mirro ye pete
O1 (alrylote 4he dstance of an obiect of heigh! h
from a (onfave mirror of Yadys of (urvgt te
1

So obtain a reol imqe of magh

-fcolh 2. fnd +he loation of imaqe also
(u -1Scm, V=-3ocm)
fo rms a uidvol maqe, 3
A

0.9
Q. A (oh (ove mimo
Aines larger hon 4he obiect " fhe rqdius of
(urvstune of miror is 36 cm Find ouf the
Pasition of obiect 9 (us-12rm)

03. A! a distonce of IS cm froht of a lon(ave

miror, cbect is Nept. find the akne ,pasiion

Ond moqnifiofion of Hhe imoge formed by the
mirror: The fotal longth of he mirror is lo Cm
(V= -3o(m,M-)

Q4 aht ontres he o hrough Some medum then there

is totol interhal reflecton of Hhe hght roy a
time critical Ongle n Hhe air throvgh the
AAis
is 36°. Find out refroctve ndex o the
medium
me dium 9

the hature qhd foral lohg th of enges

Hen fhd
 OG. he fota! longt of aa fowey lons is 2cm.A»di;
uruge oF of spheia! Syrfares of the lens
le
qre lo (m qhd find refqcive index
of madenigl of 4he lens. (H5)
qir glars =-s
H
fosition of

R= locm

qir

gloss

Gg he forol teath of a (onvey lons of gla.s (y= 1-5)

If his lens is, immersed igud,
fotal tengh 9 TF the refror he
Ihdex of ligvid is (2s9 (Scm)
Oto AA onvey lens of foral longth 3o Cm is plared
(on ave of fo tal length Qo
of
ley! (- o.6M,
 bitonvex Irh of vefacdive index \47 is
liquid ,i! betomes invisiale ond begues Qs9s
o plane glos pla le. he vefrochive mdor of He

Q.19. An cbyect tis plored 3o Cm nfron! of o ploo - (onver

urature
lehs oith 4 spherical Ssrfore of rody of
Qo cm. if the re froctive hder of
the malerol of
He posiioh ayhd nohne
o the image
inage
Uirthol, eret, mag)
thoqa
O.13 A deuble ronuer les s mode of qloss y= (S).
find roduy of ruvstune veguined f fotal tengtb
is

0.4. A (ontove lens of refratlive ihder [Link] is Imonerse

in o medrgm of refroc tive inder th6s. ohot is
He nare of 4he lons 9 (Cohvex, oerg
O1S A lonyersnq
forver shq lehs has a foral longth of 2o cm i
air. î is hado fo malerial of refractve tnder
im mersed 9 liqud of refrathup
der .3, fhd the neo torol egth 9
Q6. alrulate the rodus of torv gture of an egti
(on(oue lens of refroctive thdor l.5,
I.S, wheh Nop!
Ih
medum of refrçcive hder I4, to kave
Po toer of -sD 9 3s

O.19 Aray of lrght on posing through on

qlas pnsm, suffers aa mininum deuiotion Puol to
+he anqle of pr'sm. Be valye of refrortiue
ihdex of the motenial of prisn is9
(yB)
0.18 An eguilateral qlas prsm has o refrocfive index
1.6 in aiv, laleulate the angle of minmum devioto
of 44e prism whon Rept in a medim of
refrac tiye inder yA/s
Q.19. A roy of tight passng frofn air throvgh
equjlateval gla.s prism ndergoes minmm devioton
Lohein angle of inidente is 3,s of the onqle
of prism. (aleulaBe the,[Link] light h the
(9.19 Xom/,ol
Q. Qo A ray of Waht intidont on an equilatera! glas
prism o reraetue ihdex 3 move aratte to the
base ine of prism. Fid agle of oidente of
Yay? (so°)
Q. ON. he fo fal enth o f a (onUen le oF sinple
is em Tf 4he inim distore of
disfrt loleor vision ts Qocm 4ho Find mognifying
fower of simple microstofe
he

[Link], TRe total moqnifrotion produte d by a Comfound

he maqnifitabion procvred by the
Ao.
mittostofe is he obiehie
S. Re distonce botoeen
eye piere is
obseryed to be ry cm qyd ifA
and Oye preee is is Qo (m,
distoe of stet vision
east Ahe lonser 9
length of both
Caltulate the foral
lengths of objecive and eye piere of
@. 98. Ae foral
ostronomiral teleseofe
power of talestofe,
Find magnfying
resfectively s formeo
also
Lohile Ahe imgge telestope 9
+he tube of
Find loht, of

30cm