Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PI introduction ‘Keeda int" - The fue! cell converts directly the &NEniest energy inte electrica energy without going through InterMEdiate stages of conversion. Compared with tnecomentional electricity generation devices, the production sfolecricity from fuel coll systems has some major advantages, = Less CO, emission Higher efficiency. AE and Vibration free. — Required tess space: However, the fuel cell is an open S¥stem. To ensure its proper Operation, "it ‘requires auxiliaries. such az “air compressor cooling/heat exchanger, power ¢lectronic converter, ete. All those auxiliaries are strongly coup!¢d and interdependent. Fuel Cell Principle EMeeda + Afuct coll + an electrochemical devde that combines hydrouen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat is its by- [- product er and bene ass BY pues it 1 revere RecroneS—> Pram of Uris cybelicly to SOK Pf ous + Similar to a baNeTy-BUT the fue! ls continually supplied + Ailfuel cells have two electrodes (anode « sl cathode -) + Allfucl cots have an electrolyte and. eatniyst to speed up the + 2H,(hydroren) + O,oxycen) ~ 245 (water) + olectetelty sheat + Hydrogen can be preduecd 2. trom wmer cloctrolysts eeaee 2) from reformed fosall tac 2 figh temperature fuct cell may also directly use fossil fuel as fuel supply and the gas reform occurs inside those fuel cells as part of the conversion process. Fuel Cell Operation Ekeeda MEC) working: ir) node side and oxygen (ambient Hydrogen is supplied at the ix Supplied at the cathode side: ‘The two reactant gas (hydrogen and ©; channel of each side, and diffuses (thro to the catalytic layers: At the anode catalytic layer, the hydrogen molecules (H3) are * (H+) and electrons (e-) by losing the gen) flows in the supply 2h gas diffusion layers), disassociated into proton: electron of each molecule . | ty The electron cannot pass through the fuel cell electrolyte. because vable to electrons. ne@iBetrofyte mate non permeable. : th ae i price v | circuit from anode side to us, it takes eper the path of the esternal ; cathode side through the output load. * Scanned with CamScanner6 electrolyte, from anode to éathode: 7. At the cathode catalytic Tayer. the electrons from external circuit combine with the protons migrating through the electrolyte plus the oxygen molecule (O;): Water molecules (F,O) are formed. 8. The water can be rémo ‘by the gas supply channels. Besides heat ii I generated during, this process joule efiecr. In order fo) facilitate the ooljyis/channels can, be added to fuel cell. +Other fuel cells. the major (difference is the electrolyte used. Instead of proton (H*) rearatiol, in PEMEC, other fuel colls allow exygeh ions (07), hydroxide ions (OF), or carbonate ions (CO?) to migrate through their . i 3 + According to the electrolyte types of different fuel cells, water, the J electro. al product, i be formed either at'daihe 6. At the Same time, the proton migrates through the s&iMeetto Mscross a material that splits them into lectrons and protons work together t lish two main things. First, the electrons are used ate electricity. Second, the electrons tons recombine with oxygen at the end of the progess in order to create one of the main uts of a fuel cell: water. tricity. This means that a fuel cell ular bonds) of a hydrogen molecule lectricity, a fuel cell uses an Scanned with CamScannercerry 7 a fuel cel] uses an a a) Classification Fuel cel) types can be divided in — Lowy, High Temperature - Electrolyte Types * Polymer Elec Membrane) * Alkaline * Phosphoric Acid / * Molten Carbonate 1 * Solid Oxide * Direct Methanol 4 \ trolyte Me Proton Exchange Memb rane Fuel cafi™ > The PEMFC (or pol 1950s. ~ Currently. this type of fuel cell applications, such’ a Portable power supplies. 4 > Avery thin solid membrane a used as the electro}; most “widely used mated Is A Nation (sulfon: ymer ele Iyte fuel cell) was invented in the is used for transportation electric vehicles or mobile systems, such ne lyte. One of the ated tetrafluoro thylene - based Jucropolyme; olymer). he electrodes are made of eatban paper oe ine particles of catalyst (usually platinum), ae. tion temperature of PEMFC is around 80°C. Therefore. pa li uid form is presented in PEMEC during its operating and erst dispose properly Of such humidity. ‘arbon cloth coated with setnate W Scanned with CamScannerAnode: Ala — aH- + 2e- Cathode: %0l 2 SH- + 2e-— H20 Cell: Hoa+uwy O2z — HsO Alkaline Fuel Cell ine fuel cell (AFC) is considered because they have been widely used ing water). 7 Electrolyte used in AFC is gener; the most developed fitel cell, fer space missions (power and ally a fi Porous matrix material saturated with an Aqueous alkaline solution, such as the Potassium hydroxide (KOH). ( At anode: H+ 2(OH)> 2H,0 + 2¢- Al cathode: :% 02+ HO + 2e--> 2(OH)- Cell: H2+ % 0, H,0 > Oper: ng temperature of the / * Can use a vari Which are relatir r catalyst (nickel, silver, Platinum) ‘pensive (compare to Platinum in PEMEG), but the ‘order of magnitude smaller compared to the PEMFE: \ ayy Scanned with CamScannerz . Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Ebeedo bonate Salts unic matrix of trolyte used consist Of molten and chemically inert trolyte like LIAIO,. pie provide COs ions then form water with porou: Olid eh to anod ‘om cathode ticles, ~ Operating temperature is above can be used | ~ Non precious a metal so less system costs. Anode: H,+C0,*-H,0+C0, +26 Cathode: %0, + CO, +2 CO? Cel: Hy + 40, +C0,—H,0 +00, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Pesta > SOFC is generally used in ac ations. Output power Varies from the order of several kilowatts (kW) to several megawatts (MW). > /This type of fuel cell uses dense cefamic materials as electrolyte,yttrium- {stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which ifates the gas from anode and cathode, to block electrons and to conduct oxygenlion (0) from cathode to anode. ‘The typical value is around 700-1,000 C. At this temperature, the CO in the reformed gas can be used directly as fuel SSFSFURLCELL > The high temperature non consumed fuel gas El at the outlet of fuel cell can also be used to power a gas turbine, achieving incréased overall system performance. + Nickel (Ni) is an inexpensive catalyst is used. Anode: Hy +O? > HO +2e Cathode: % 0, +2e°— O* \ Cell: H,+'20.> H,O tiny Scanned with CamScanner