CONDITIONAL AND ITERATIVE
STATEMENTS
Learning Outcomes
Types of statements in Python
Statement of Flow Control
Program Logic Development Tools
if statement of Python
Repetition of Task - A necessity
The range() function
Iteration / Looping statement
break and continue statement
Types of Statement in Python
Statements are the instructions given to
computer to perform any task. Task may be
simple calculation, checking the condition or
repeating action.
Python supports 3 types of statement:
Empty statement
Simple statement
Compound statement
Empty Statement
It is the simplest statement i.e. a statement
which does nothing. It is written by using
keyword – pass
Whenever python encountered pass it does
nothing and moves to next statement in flow
of control
Required where syntax of python required
presence of a statement but where the logic
of program does. More detail will be explored
with loop.
Simple Statement
Any single executable statement in Python is
simple statement. For e.g.
Name = input(“enter your name “)
print(name)
Compound Statement
It represent group of statement executed as
unit. The compound statement of python are
written in a specific pattern:
Compound_Statement_Header :
indented_body containing multiple
simple or compound statement
Compound Statement has:
Header which begins with keyword/function
and ends with colon(:)
A body contains of one or more python
statements each indented inside the header
line. All statement in the body or under any
header must be at the same level of
indentation.
Statement Flow Control
In python program statement may execute in
a sequence, selectively or iteratively. Python
programming support 3 Control Flow
statements:
1. Sequence
2. Selection
3. Iteration
Sequence
It means python statements are executed
one after another i.e. from the first statement
to last statement without any jump.
Selection
It means execution of statement will depend
upon the condition. If the condition is true
then it will execute Action 1 otherwise
Action 2. In Python we use if to perform
selection
Selection
Action 1
True
Condition ? Statement 1 Statement 2
False
Statement 1
Action 2
Statement 2
Selection
We apply Decision making or selection in our
real life also like if age is 18 or above person
can vote otherwise not. If pass in every
subject is final exam student is eligible for
promotion.
You can think of more real life examples.
Iteration - Looping
Iteration means repeating of statement
depending upon the condition. Till the time a
condition is True statements are repeated again
and again. Iteration construct is also known as
Looping construct
In real world we are using Looping construct like
learning table of any number we multiply same
number from 1 to 10, Washing clothes using
washing machine till the time is over, our school
hours starts from assembly to last period, etc.
Iteration - Looping
False
Condition ? Exit from iteration
True
Statement 1
Loop Body
Python supports for and
Action 2
Statement 2 while statement for
Looping construct
Error and Exceptions
Error means ‘bugs’ in a program, i.e. either
program is not running or running but not
producing the expected output.
Exceptions are those errors which appears
during the execution time of program i.e. there
are some exceptional condition in which
program is not successfully executing.
Types of Error:
Syntax Error
Semantic Error
Logical Error
Runtime Error
Syntax Error
It occurs before the execution of program.
It occurs due to violation of programming language rule
for e.g. missing parenthesis, incorrect use of operators
etc.
Syntax error due to
missing parenthesis
Semantic Error
occurs when statements are not meaningful. For
e.g. ‘Sita Plays Piono’ is syntactically and
semantically correct but ‘Piono plays Sita’ is
syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.
Take another exampe : X*Y=Z is semantically
incorrect because expression cant comes before
the assignment operator;
Logical Error
occurs when program is executing successfully but not
producing the correct output. It is one of the most
difficult error to trace and debug. It may occurs by use or
wrong operators like use of ‘*’ in place of ‘+’ Or wring
C=B/A in place of C=A/B etc.
With input 20 as n1
and 10 as n1,
expected result was
2 but output is 0.5,
because expression
is n2/n1 not n1/n2
Runtime Error
It occurs during the execution of program.
It is also known as exception.
It occurs due to some wrong operation, input, etc. the
most common runtime error is “divide by zero”
Exception handling (try & except)
try : this block is used for writing those statements in
which exception may occurs.
except : this block is used for handling the exception
occurs in try block i.e. decides what to do with exception.
if Statement of Python
‘if’ statement of python is used to execute
statements based on condition. It tests the
condition and if the condition is true it
perform certain action, we can also provide
action for false situation.
if statement in Python is of many forms:
if without false statement
if with else
if with elif
Nested if
Simple “if”
In the simplest form if statement in Python
checks the condition and execute the
statement if the condition is true and do
nothing if the condition is false.
Syntax: All statement
belonging to if
if condition: must have same
indentation level
Statement1
Statements ….
** if statement is compound statement having
header and a body containing intended
statement.
Points to remember with “if”
It must contain valid condition which
evaluates to either True or False
Condition must followed by Colon (:) , it is
mandatory
Statement inside if must be at same
indentation level.
Input monthly sale of employee and give bonus of 10%
if sale is more than 50000 otherwise bonus will be 0
bonus = 0
sale = int(input("Enter Monthly Sales :"))
if sale>50000:
bonus=sale * 10 /100
print("Bonus = " + str(bonus))
1. WAP to enter 2 number and print the largest number
2. WAP to enter 3 number and print the largest number
1. WAP to enter 2 number and print the largest number
n1 = int(input("Enter first number "))
n2 = int(input("Enter second number "))
large = n1
if (large<n2):
large=n2
print("Largest number is ", large)
2. WAP to enter 3 number and print the largest number
n1 = int(input("Enter first number "))
n2 = int(input("Enter second number "))
n3 = int(input("Enter third number "))
large = n1
if (large<n2):
large=n2
if(large<n3):
large=n3
print("Largest number is ", large)
if with else
if with else is used to test the condition and if
the condition is True it perform certain
action and alternate course of action if the
condition is false.
Syntax:
if condition:
Statements
else:
Statements
Input Age of person and print whether the person is
eligible for voting or not
age = int(input("Enter your age "))
if age>=18:
print("Congratulation! you are eligible for voting ")
else:
print("Sorry!You are not eligible for voting")
To Do…
1. WAP to enter any number and check it is even or
odd
2. WAP to enter any age and check it is teenager or
not
3. WAP to enter monthly sale of Salesman and give
him commission i.e. if the monthly sale is more
than 500000 then commision will be 10% of
monthly sale otherwise 5%
4. WAP to input any year and check it is Leap Year or
Not
5. WAP to Input any number and print Absolute
value of that number
6. WAP to input any number and check it is positive
or negative number
if with elif
if with elif is used where multiple chain of condition is to
be checked. Each elif must be followed by condition: and
then statement for it. After every elif we can give else
which will be executed if all the condition evaluates to
false
Syntax:
if condition:
Statements
elif condition:
Statements
elif condition:
Statements
else:
Statement
Input temperature of water and print its physical state
temp = int(input("Enter temperature of water "))
if temp>100:
print("Gaseous State")
elif temp<0:
print("Solid State")
else:
print("Liquid State")
Input 3 side of triangle and print the type of triangle –
Equilateral, Scalene, Isosceles
s1 = int(input("Enter side 1"))
s2 = int(input("Enter side 2"))
s3 = int(input("Enter side 3"))
if s1==s2==s3:
print("Equilateral")
elif s1!=s2!=s3!=s1:
print("Scalene")
else:
print("Isosceles")
Program to calculate and print roots of a quadratic equation:
ax2+bx+c=0(a!=0)
import math
print("For quadratic equation, ax**2 + bx + c = 0,
enter coefficients ")
a = int(input("enter a"))
b = int(input("enter b"))
c = int(input("enter c"))
if a==0:
print("Value of ",a," should not be zero")
print("Aborting!!!")
else:
delta = b*b - 4 *a * c
Program to calculate and print roots of a quadratic equation:
ax2+bx+c=0(a!=0)
if delta >0:
root1=(-b+math.sqrt(delta))/(2*a)
root2=(-b-math.sqrt(delta))/(2*a)
print("Roots are Real and UnEqual")
print("Root1=",root1,"Root2=",root2)
elif delta==0:
root1=-b/(2*a)
print("Roots are Real and Equal")
print("Root1=",root1,"Root2=",root1)
else:
print("Roots are Complex and
Imaginary")
To Do…
1. WAP to enter marks of 5 subject and calculate total, percentage
and also division.
Percentage Division
>=60 First
>=45 Second
>=33 Third
otherwise Failed
2. WAP to enter any number and check it is positive, negative or zero
number
3.WAP to enter Total Bill amount and calculate discount as per given
table and also calculate Net payable amount (total bill – discount)
Total Bill Discount
>=20000 15% of Total Bill
>=15000 10% of Total Bill
>=10000 5% of Total Bill
otherwise 0 of Total Bill
To Do…
4. WAP to enter Bill amount and ask the user the payment
mode and give the discount based on payment mode. Also
display net payable amount
Mode Discount
Credit Card 10% of bill amount
Debit Card 5% of bill amount
Net Banking 2% of bill amount
otherwise 0
5.WAP to enter two number and ask the operator (+ - * / )
from the user and display the result by applying operator on
the two number
6. WAP to enter any character and print it is Upper Case,
Lower Case, Digit or symbol
7. WAP to enter 3 number and print the largest number
8.WAP to input day number and print corresponding day
name for e.g if input is 1 output should be SUNDAY and so on.
Nested if
In this type of “if” we put if within another if as a
statement of it. Mostly used in a situation where we
want different else for each condition. Syntax:
if condition1:
if condition2:
statements
else:
statements
elif condition3:
statements
else:
statements
WAP to check entered year is leap year or not
year = int(input("Enter any year "))
if year % 100 == 0:
if year % 400 == 0:
print("Year is LeapYear ")
else:
print("Year is not LeapYear")
elif year %4 ==0:
print("Year is LeapYear ")
else:
print("Year is not LeapYear")
input()
Program to read three numbers and prints them in
ascending order
x = int(input("Enter first number "))
y = int(input("Enter second number "))
z = int(input("Enter third number "))
if y>=x<=z:
if y<=z:
min,mid,max=x,y,z
else:
min,mid,max=x,z,y
elif x>=y<=z:
if x<=z:
min,mid,max=y,x,z
else:
min,mid,max=y,z,x
elif x>=z<=y:
if x<=y:
min,mid,max=z,x,y
else:
min,mid,max=z,y,x
print("Numbers in ascending order = ",min,mid,max)
Storing Condition
In a program if our condition is complex and it
is repetitive then we can store the condition
in a name and then use the named condition
in if statement. It makes program more
readable.
For e.g.
x_is_less=y>=x<=z
y_is_less=x>=y<=z
Even = num%2==0
