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Physics investigatory project
Mathematics Class 10 (Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal)
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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO1
TIRUPATHI
PROJECT ON
To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of
incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.
Physics (042)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
[Link] Babu
Done By
[Link]
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that [Link] class XII-A has completed the physics
project entitled “TO FIND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT
LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW PRISM” under the guidance of her physics
teacher [Link] BABU .The progress of the project has been continuously
reported and has been acknowledged consistently.
(Physics Teacher) PRINCIPAL
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to owe the sense of gratitude to our physics teacher
[Link] BABU for his consistent guidance, support and
encouragement without which this project would not able to
exist in present shape.
I would also like to thank our Principal [Link], my parents for
their blessings and my friends for their help in order to complete the
project.
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C
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Aim:
To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using a
hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.
To find
refractive index of
different liquids using
hollow prism.
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THEORY
PRISM: A prism is a transparent optical element with
flat, polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can
be made from any material that is transparent
including glass,plastic and fluorite.
A prism can be used to break light up into its
constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used
to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarizations.
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REFRACTION:
The refractive index of the liquid
Is given by the formula:
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Where:
= refractive index of the liquid
= the angle of minimum deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism
FLUIDS REFRACTIVE
INDEX
Water 1.33
Glycerine 1.47
Ethyl Alcohol 1.36
Vegetable Oil 1.45
Acetone 1.36
HCl 1.34
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PROCEDURE
O Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
o Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
o Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
o Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in
the straight line.
o Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
o Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
o Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points
so obtained.
▪ Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
o Repeat this with different liquids and different angle
of incidence.
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OBSERVATION
HCL
[Link]. i e d A
1. 35 48 24 60
2. 40 52 30 60
3. 45 42 25 60
4. 50 36 26 60
5. 55 32 28 60
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Ethyl alcohol
[Link]. i e d A
1. 35 52 26 60
2. 40 44 25 60
3. 45 41 25 60
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4. 50 36 26 60
5. 55 32 27 60
Benzaldehyde
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Calculation
Refractive index of water
refractive index of benzaldehyde
refractive index of hcl
=1.34
refractive index of ethyl alcohol
=1.36
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RESULT
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.36
● CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL
o EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34
o CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF WATER
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.306
● ACTUAL: 1.33
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF BENZALDEHYDE
● ACTUAL: 1.546
● EXPERIMENTAL: 1.504
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PRECAUTIONS
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
o Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
o Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
o Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
o Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
● [Link]
● [Link]
● [Link] {[Link]}
● [Link]
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