1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

TRAINING

Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge

that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving one's
capability, capacity, productivity and performance. It forms the core of apprenticeships
and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology (also known as technical
colleges or polytechnics). In addition to the basic training required for a trade, occupation
or profession, observers of the labor-market recognize as of 2008 the need to continue
training beyond initial qualifications: to maintain, upgrade and update skills throughout
working life. People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of
training as professional development.

Apply knowledge learned in the classroom. Again, there’s a big difference between
learning about strategies and tactics and actually applying them. Interning for an
organization helps students learn how their classroom knowledge applies to real
situations and reinforces concepts taught in classes.

Gain valuable work experience. In most fields, no longer can a college graduate land
an entry-level job with merely a bachelor’s degree and no prior work experience.
Trainings help students get this real-world experience while still in school. Training
programs are a great way to generate more work samples for your professional portfolio
and give you real accomplishment stories for your resume and online profiles.

Decide if this is the right path for you. Working for a company in your industry can
give you valuable insight into whether or not the industry is the right choice for you,
potentially avoiding the costs of obtaining a degree in a field you’re not interested in. It’s
best to know as early as possible, and an training can help you do that.

Develop and build upon skills. Learning new skills in an training can help you in future
employment opportunities and might give you a leg up on your competition in future
application processes.
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1.2. MEANING OF TRAINING

 A learning process and a task oriented activity.

 The process of teaching new employee the basic skills they need
to perform their job.

1.3. DEFINITION

“Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a
particular job.”

-Edwin flippo

1.4. SCOPE OF TRAINING

1. Might find future employer

An training program is something common in large companies, but SMEs are
having more and more interns as a way to increase their HR capacity and create some
branding through such trainings. Fall trainings, summer trainings, semester trainings, or
quarterly trainings, doing any training program means you have an ongoing pipeline of
future employers and references.

2. Test-drive knowledge and skills

Let’s be honest. Just because you are getting a degree in a specific subject, does
not mean you are passionate about it. You might have a marketing degree and find out a
couple of years later that is more than just thinking of TV commercials. Doing antraining
gives you grounded experience of what your studies might look like in a work
environment.
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3. Find role-models

Yes, there are plenty of leaders and worldwide known role-models. But they are
not the norm, rather the exception. Doing an training can give you opportunity to meet
different managers, with diverse leadership styles and that gives you experience on how
to manage your boss. One of the biggest assets you can have when you get out of college
is how you adapt yourself to your boss style and become an added value to his/her team.

4. Strengthen the CV
It’s natural and obvious that if you have more experience, we will have a better
CV. Yet, most students and graduates don’t have work experience when they leave
college. They limit themselves to having great grades, do the school program and then go
to the market. To be clear, there is nothing wrong with that. The different will come
when you have to perform and demonstrate that you understand the business in a fast
way, know how to work on a team and assume responsibilities. Having a training
experience might give you a story to tell beyond having spent your university life
studying.
5. If do well, have a network
Sometimes the different between getting your dream job and not getting it is that
one reference, one call that you missed to have in comparison to someone else. An
training gives you the opportunity to increase your network, expand your professional
branding, and having probably one or two personal ambassadors that would be glad to
help you when you need them.

1.5. OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING

 To provide job related knowledge to the workers.

 To impart skills among the workers systematically so that they may learn quickly.

 To bring about change in the attitudes of the workers towards fellow workers,
supervisor and the organization.
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 To improve the productivity of the workers and the organization.

 To reduce the number of accidents by providing safety training to the workers,

 To make the workers handle materials, machines and equipment efficiently and
thus to check wastage of time and resources.

 To prepare workers for promotion to higher jobs by imparting them advanced

skills.

1.6. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING

Higher Productivity

It is essential to increase productivity and reduce cost of production for meeting

competition in the market. Effective training can help increase productivity of workers by
imparting the required skills.

Quality Improvement

The customers have become quality conscious and their requirement keep on
changing. To satisfy the customers, quality of products must be continuously improved
through training of workers.

Reduction of Learning Time

Systematic training through trained instructors is essential to reduce the training

period. If the workers learn through trial and error, they will take a longer time and even
may not be able to learn right methods of doing work.

Industrial Safety

Trained workers can handle the machines safely. They also know the use of
various safety devices in the factory. Thus, they are less prone to industrial accidents

Reduction of Turnover and Absenteeism

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Training creates a feeling of confidence in the minds of the workers. It gives them
a security at the workplace. As a result, labor turnover and absenteeism rates are reduced.

Technology Update

Technology is changing at a fast pace. The workers must learn new techniques to
make use of advance technology. Thus, training should be treated as a continuous process
to update the employees in the new methods and procedures.

1.7. LIMITATION OF TRAINING

 Training is a costly affair and expensive process.

 Training may result dislocation of work and loss of output because regular
office work is likely to be interrupted or delayed because of the time spent in
training.

 Sometimes, it is difficult to obtain good training instructors and leaders.

 Self-reliance and capacity for new ideas might be stiffed

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CHAPTER II - COMPANY PROFILE

2.1. COMPANY INDRODUCTION

Welcome to the Capital Clothing Company a category of Promotional-

Merchandise, designed to meet your every business need.

Capital Clothing Company is a one-stop for your entire Textile and garment
sourcing requirements from India. We offer you quality goods that fit and suit your
requirements at prices that are attractive and what more, we deliver them within
necessary time lines.

The Capital Clothing Company works with high-qualified professional who are
dedicated to serve individuals and companies in the search of different services or
complete packagers in the apparel industry.

We are a professionally managed company engaged in the field of manufacturing,

supplying and exporting of high quality knitted and hosiery garments. We started with a
zeal and determination to redefine fashion in the industry. Standing on the grounds of
style and elegance, we offer knitted and hosiery garments that are abreast of the changing
international trends.

We combine marketing expertise and creative imagination to deliver designer

garments with unique textures, designs and colors. Each garment is exclusively designed
as per the changing fashion trends that reflect fine craftsmanship and elegance that suit
the aesthetic tastes of our clients all across the globe. We serve our customers with high
quality of products along with a wide range of variety of designs and fabrics.
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2.2. COMPANY PROFILE

Name of the company Capital Clothing Company

All Kinds of Knitted garments for High, Medium and Low

Type of Business Ranges. Specialists in Ladies, Children’s and Men’s
Nightwear’s.

Year of Establishment 2000

Type of Concern Proprietor Concern
SF No. 47, Andipalayam Pirivu,
Registered Office and
Mangalam Road, Tirupur - 641 187
Factory
Tamil Nadu. India.

Designing and Packing In-House

Mr. [Link]
Tel : 0091 421 2260457
Contact Person
Fax: 0091 421 2260458
E-mail: info@[Link]

Certificate OEKO-TEX, SA8000.

Machinery 100 Stitching Machine, Germany.

Focus Markets Worldwide

Basic – 185,000 Pieces / month, Fancy – 105,000

Production Capacity
Pieces / month
Production by Sub-
20% of Production
Contracting
Domestic Fabric - 45 to 60 days, Imported
Lead Time
Fabric - 120 to 150 days
Annual Turnover US $ 5.0 Million
100% confirmed irrevocable Letter of Credit at Site and
Mode of Payment
Transferable
2.3 OUR STANDARDS
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The testing and certification system of the Oeko-Tex® Standard 100 satisfies the
many and varied requirements consumers make of modern textile products and at the
same time takes into account the complex production conditions in the textile industry.
Manufacturing textile products of all types, ecologically harmless for humans.
Simplifying and accelerating terms of delivery for manufacturers and retailers who wish
to offer their customers textile products which pose no risk whatsoever to health. A
reliable product label for consumers who specifically aim to buy textiles which are
harmless to health.

OEKE
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SA8000 is an auditable certification standard based on the UN Universal

Declaration of Human Rights, Convention on the Rights of the Child and
various International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions.

SA8000
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SA8000 covers the following areas of accountability:

01 No child labor
02 No Forced labor
03 Health and Safety
Freedom of Association and Right to Collective
04
Bargaining
05 No Discrimination
06 Discipline
07 Working hours
08 Compensation
09 Management Systems for Human Resources

OUR CLIENTS
Capital Clothing Company Export it's product to prestigious clients located all over the
world.
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Asia - 10 % South America - 10 %

Europe - 55 % Australia - 7.5 %
Africa - 5 % Antartica - 0 %
North America - 12.5 %

SERVICE

We understand different types of business systems and the Indian system of

business gives you the ultimate edge in the wake of globalization. A plan of action will
be devised on each department and all policies and strategies will be discussed with all
managerial personnel and staff. Practice of modern management for a best service. we
follows Buyer's compliance guidelines and work closely with departments to ensure all is
done as per buyer's requirement. We inspect goods on every stage of production on the
following ways.

We'll keep you up-to-date about relevant industry trends and bring you innovative
product ideas to help you grow. You will rest easy knowing that your operations are in
the hands of our highly capable sourcing professionals.

We at Capital Clothing Company can provide you the best service among the
competitors. We have our own Handlooms, Automated looms, Power looms, Stitching
units, Dyeing factory and Packing units. We can produce large quantity of products and
deliver without affecting the quantity and qualities based on your requirements and
deliver it promptly.

We at Capital Clothing Company have adopted a team of persons at different

countries to know their requirements according to their new Trends and Fashion. The
samples are made according to the needs for order appraisal.

LOGISTIC

The Capital Clothing Company not only takes care in producing the products but
also on the prompt shipping. A team of persons were dedicated for prompt shipping the
goods. We have tie ups with world class forwards for shipping the goods. We deliver
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quality and quantity goods based on the buyers requirements and needs to their
destination.

2.4 INFIRASTRACTURE

We believe in producing garments without guilt and as such completely

understand our social responsibilities towards our employees. Our factory is free of child
and forced labor. All health and safety standards are strictly followed.

Size (in Square Feet) : 13,000

No. of Office Staffs : 30 Staffs

No. of Employees : 200 Employees

Production capacity : Basic – 185,000 Pieces / month,

Fancy – 105,000 Pieces / month
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2.5 VISSION & MISSION

Capital Clothing Company has been well aware of its responsibilities towards
society.
Besides commercial activities we are involved in various social activities.
We are an organization committed to helping orphans in orphanages, free medical
camps, educational support, etc. We support orphanages in Tirupur to provide better
services.

We are contributing regularly in money-wise, food-wise and others to one of local

orphanage "Karunai-Illam" in the outskirt of Tirupur. There are some 180 Children who
are either orphans or semi orphans taken care at this orphanage.

Naturally CAPITAL CLOTHING COMPANY is lending hands in many ways for

the social concerns like eye camp, blood camp, literacy works and so.
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CHAPTERR – III INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

3.1. Introduction

The garments in India traditionally, after agriculture, are the only industry that has
generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labor in Garments. The
Garments continues to be the second largest employment generating sector in India. It
offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. The share of textiles in total
exports was 11.04% during April–July 2010, as per the Ministry of Textiles. During
2009-2010, Indian textiles industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services
domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135
Garments finishing factories in all of India. According to AT Kearney’s ‘Retail Apparel
Index’, India is ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.

India is first in global jute production and shares 63% of global garment market.
India is 2nd in global textile manufacturing and also 2nd in silk and cotton production.
100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in textile sector. Rieter, Trutzschler, Soktas,
Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT, E-land, Nissinbo, Marks &
Spencer, Zara, Promod, Benetton, Levi’s are the some of foreign textile companies
invested or working in India

3.2. History

The archaeological surveys and studies have found that the people of Harrapan
civilization knew weaving and the spinning of cotton four thousand years ago. Reference
to weaving and spinning materials is found in the Vedic Literature. There was textile
trade in India during the early centuries. A block printed and resist-dyed fabrics, whose
origin is from Gujarat is found in tombs of Foster, Egypt. This proves that Indian export
of cotton textiles to the Egypt or the Nile Civilization in medieval times were to a large
extent. Large quantity of north Indian silk was traded through the silk route in China to
the western countries. The Indian silk was often exchanged with the western countries for
their spices in the barter system. During the late 17th and 18th century there were large
export of the Indian cotton to the western countries to meet the need of the European
industries during industrial revolution. Consequently, there was development of
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nationalist movement like the famous Swadeshi movement which was headed by the
AurobindoGhosh.

Production

India is the second largest producer of fiber in the world and the major fiber
produced is cotton. Other fibers produced in India include silk, jute, wool, and man-made
fibers. 60% of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based. The strong domestic demand
and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 have led to huge growth of the Indian
textile industry. In December 2010, the domestic cotton price was up by 50% as
compared to the December 2009 prices. The causes behind high cotton price are due to
the floods in Pakistan and China. India projected a high production of textile (325 laksh
bales for 2010 -11). There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to
seven percent in five years. The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic
producers of the [Link] Made Fibers: This includes manufacturing of clothes using
fiber or filament synthetic yarns. It is produced in the large power loom factories. They
account for the largest sector of the textile production in India. This sector has a share of
62% of the India's total production and provides employment to about 4.8 million
[Link] Cotton Sector: It is the second most developed sector in the Indian Textile
industries.

It provides employment to huge amount of people but its productions and

employment is seasonal depending upon the seasonal nature of the production.

The Handloom Sector: It is well developed and is mainly dependent on the SHGs
for their funds. Its market share is 13%. Of the total cloth produced in India.

The Woolen Sector: India is the 7th largest producer. of the wool in the world.
India also produces 1.8% of the world's total wool.

The Jute Sector: The jute or the golden fiber in India is mainly produced in the
Eastern states of India like Assam and West Bengal. India is the largest producer of jute
in the world.
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The Sericulture and Silk Sector: India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in the world.
India produces 18% of the world's total silk. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar, and Muga are the main
types of silk produced in the country. It is a labor-intensive sector.

Cotton textiles in the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in
the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw materials,
market, transport, labor, moist climate and other factors which contributed to localization.
In the early twentieth century, this industry played a huge role in Bombay's economy but
soon declined after Independence. While spinning continues to be centralized in
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralized. As of 30
September 2013, there are 1962 cotton textile mills in the country out of which about
80% are in the private sector and the rest in the public and cooperative sector. Apart from
these, there are several thousand small factories with four to ten looms.

India exports yarn to Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France,
Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries. India has the second largest installed
capacity of spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles (30 March 2011) after
China. Although India has a large share in world trade of cotton yarn, its trade in
garments is only 4% of the world's total. This is due to the incompetency of local
spinning and weaving mills to process yarn . There exist some large factories, but most of
the production is fragmented in small units, which cater to the local market. This
mismatch is a major drawback for the industry. As a result, many of the spinners export
yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric. Power supply is erratic
and machinery is outdated that needs to be upgraded. Other problems include low output
of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.
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Jute textiles

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the second largest
exporter after Bangladesh. There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010-11, most of
which are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hooghly River, in a
narrow belt (98 km long and 3 km wide). Factors responsible for their location in the
Hooghly basin are: inexpensive water transport, good network of railways, roadways and
waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to mills, abundant water supply, and
cheaplabour from neighbouring states.

3.2. TOP TEN GARMENT INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

1. ARVIND MILLS

Arvind Mills, now Arvind Limited, is one of the largest manufacturer of textile
products. Headquartered in Naroda, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Arvind Limited was founded in
1931.
Arvind Mills is one of the largest manufacturer and exporter of denim in India and fourth
in the world. The company’s product portfolio includes:
 Denim
 Knits
 Woven
 Engineering
 Retail
 Telecom
 Agri Business

2. BOMBAY DYEING

Bombay Dyeing is the second largest producer of textile in India. Headquartered

in Mumbai, Bombay Dyeing was established in 1879.
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The key products of the company include: Towels, Bed linen and Furnishings.
Apart from textile manufacturing, the company is also involved in the manufacturing of
chemicals.

3. GRASIM INDUSTRIES

Grasim Industries Limited is another big name in the textile industry of India,
established in the year 1947. Grasim Industries Limited is the flagship company of
the Aditya Birla Group and involved in the production of Textile, Fibre and pulp,
chemicals and cement.

4. RAYMOND

Raymond is the 90 years old (as in 2015) Indian textile manufacturing company
established in 1925. Headquartered in Thane, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Raymond Industries
is the largest producer of worsted fabric in India.
It is the largest woolen fabric and one of the largest textile exporter of India, with
exports to countries like Japan, USA, Canada and many other countries.
Apart from manufacturing, the company also makes readymade suiting & shirting and
sells it them under its various brands.

5. RELIANCE TEXTILES

Reliance Textiles is a subsidiary of an Indian conglomerate holding company:

Reliance Industries Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd is among the top 10 companies of India
by market share.
Established in the year 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt Ltd started
manufacturing synthetic fabrics, polyester, auto-textiles, silk-Amino suiting fabrics and
water-repellent fabrics for defense/police services, with “Vimal” becoming the flagship
retail brand of the company in the later years.
Today, Reliance Industries Ltd. operates majorly in 5 segments:
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6. JCT LIMITED

JCT Limited is one of the largest producer of nylon, polyester and cotton yarn
and fabric in the country. The company produces fabric with multiple blends, like:
nylon/polyester, cotton/polyester and many other types of yarn & fabrics

7. LAKSHMI MILLS
Lakshmi Mills is the biggest yarn and cloth manufacturer in South India.
Headquartered in Coimbatore, Lakshmi Mills was started in 1910.
The product line of the company include:
 Textile Yarn
 Textile Garments
 Weaving
 Spinning

8. MYSORE SILK (KSIC)

Mysore Silk Factory is one of the largest silk weaving factories in India, which is
owned by the Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC).
The company is responsible for producing high quality silk yarn and make pure
silk fabric, in various shades and designs, for Sarees and suits. They also manufacture
wide range of silk based products, in their Mysore based factory. The products include:

 Saree
 SalwarKameez
 Kurta
 Shirt
 Silk Dhoti and many more.

9. VARDHMAN GROUP OF COMPANIES

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Vardhman Group is next on this list, which was incorporated in the year [Link]
company manufacture high quality products and exports to nations like Spain, Japan, US,
Germany, U.K and some Asian and African Countries.

10. FABINDIA

Fabindia is one of the largest Indian garments retailer with more than 150 stores
in India and abroad. The company mainly sources its products from the rural part of
India, to increase the employment opportunities in villages and small towns.

3.3 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GARMENTS INDUSTRIES

INTRODUCTION
The Textile Industry occupies a vital place in the Indian economy and contributes
substantially to its exports earnings. Textiles exports represent nearly 30 per cent of the
country's total exports. It has a high weight age of over 20 per cent in the National
production. It provides direct employment to over 15 million persons in the mill, power
loom and handloom sectors. India is the world’s second largest producer of textiles after
China. It is the world’s third largest producer of cotton-after China and the USA-and the
second largest cotton consumer after China. The textile industry in India is one of the
oldest manufacturing sectors in the country and is currently it’s largest.

The Textile industry occupies an important place in the Economy of the country
because of its contribution to the industrial output, employment generation and foreign
exchange earnings. The textile industry encompasses a range of industrial units, which
use a wide variety of natural and synthetic fibers to produce fabrics. The textile industry
can be broadly classified into two categories, the organized mill sector and the
unorganized mill sector. Considering the significance and contribution of textile sector in
national economy, initiative and efforts are being made to take urgent and adequate steps
to attract investment and encourage wide spread development and growth in this sector.

Growth of Garments
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The textile policy of 1985 and the economic policy of 1991 accelerated the
economic growth during 1990s. Garment sector growth has been led by the spinning and
the manmade fiber industry. The number of cotton/ manmade fiber textile mills rose from
1035 in 87-88 to 1741 by December 1997. The number of spinning mills number rose to
1461 in December 1997 from 752 in 87-88. Liberalization led to the installation of open-
end rotors and setting up of Export Oriented Units (EOU).

Currently India has the second highest spindle age in the world after China.
Aggregate production of cloth during 1996-97 was 34,265 million sq. meters, an increase
of nine percent over 1995-96. India's contribution in world production of cotton textiles
was about 12 per cent a decade back, while currently it contributes to about 15 per cent of
world cotton textiles

3.4. PRESENT POSITION OF GARMENT INDUSTRIES

The Indian apparel industry, which took off in the mid-60s, is worth around $15
billion now. In fact, the industry has advanced gradually in terms of technology adoption
and has reached a critical mass today. One of the primary drawbacks in India’s clothing
chain is the lack of adequate fabric / garment processing capacity of requisite quality
standards. While the issue of fabric processing has been debated for long, the area of
garment wet processing has started creating interest only in the recent past.

A significant part of the apparel export from India is dominated by Cotton

garments. Out of the total exports, men’s shirts, T-shirts and to some extent skirts and
kids garments have a large use of cotton fabric. These are not only high growth areas in
India’s apparel export, but also expose themselves to a variety of wet processing options.
Further, categories such as trousers, shorts and denim apparel, which internationally are
high growth categories, have wet processing as an integral part of its value addition.
Thus, one of the prime reasons for garment wet processing sector’s rising importance is
its ability to introduce a variety of aesthetic and functional innovations.
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Garments have been subjected to a wide range of performance-enhancing

functional finishes in the recent years. Some of the more widely used functional finishes
include but not limited to Water & Oil Repellent (WOR), Wrinkle Resistant (WR), Anti-
Microbial, Anti-Ozonize, UV resistant, Fire Retardant, Moisture Management, Sensory
Perception etc. A large number of Domestic Brands have been employing the above
functional finishes quite widely and have accepted these in their finish program. Unlike
the aesthetic appeal, these finishes build in a specific functional characteristic in the
apparel and hence make the garment more intelligent. This helps in raising the unit value
realization and also provides with a differentiation strategy.

While the garment sector in general has been traditionally in the unorganized
sector, the wet processing sector has been further relegated due to its low importance in
the initial years of garment manufacturing in the country. Even till date, garment
exporters continue to accord this department lowest priority, which can be seen from the
fact that the laundry is either manned by masters or on contract basis, unlike other
departments

Location of Industries

 Cotton as a raw material=lightweight, non-perishable.

 Cotton to yarn/textile =hardly any weight loss.

 Therefore, proximity to raw material site=not essential, doesn’t offer great cost-
saving in transportation. (unlike sugar, cement or steel industry)

 Result other factors become more important in industrial location viz.

 nearness to market

 nearness to water body (for dyeing, bleaching)

 Energy to run power looms and textile machines

 cheap labor supply

 availability of capital/finance

Climate Factors
 23

 In dry climate, the cotton-threads will break quickly during spinning. Machine halts,
you’ve to join the threads again to restart operation=not good for mass production.

 on the other hand, humid climate= thread will rarely break. So, cotton textiles were
setup near coastal areas. (e.g. Mumbai, Osaka, Lancashire).

 Today we’ve humidifiers that can artificially increase the air-moisture in

factory/workshed= you can setup factory anywhere, run it efficiently, irrespective of
climate outside.

CHAPTER IV - DEPARTMENTS
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4.1. DEPARTMENTATION

Departmentation means grouping of activity of people. Departmentation is very

important to every concern. In order to work systematically and distributing
responsibilities that the departmentation is needed. Each department is separate duties.
They must to the entrusted work correctly without careless delay.

 Purchase Department

 Production Department

 Marking Department

 Sales Department

 Finance Department

 Personnel Department

4.2. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

The purchase department plays a vital role in the organization. Because purchasing in
one of important functions in the development and developing concern.

Since it’s a mass production industry they depends upon a continuous flow of right
materials and it’s also supply of raw materials.

Purchase implies getting materials, machineries and service needed for production.
This department found the best sources of supply and place order. The main function of
this department is purchasing suitable materials from various places.

Purchase department perform the following functions under various heads.

 Function of Purchase Department

 Purchase Department Chart

 Purchase of Raw Material

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 Purchase of Items

 Details of Raw Material

 Manufacturing Process

 Purchase Procedure

Functions of the Purchase Manager

The main function of the purchase manager is to prepare purchase requisition and find
out the suitable material for production. Purchase manager is responsible for the
continuous supply of raw material and purchase suitable material from various places.

He is responsible for all in related with purchase. The purchase manager identifies
and decides the need for raw materials and supplies the material according to demand.
He is also takes over the function of inventory control and maintains the purchase
account.

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT CHART

The Purchase of raw material is important for all organization. The purchase
department has concluded the following members.

MANAGING DIRECTOR
 26

GENERAL MANAGER

PURCHASE MANAGER

SUPERVISOR

WORKERS

4.3. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production department is one of the major departments in the concern. After

purchasing of raw material, the next is producing the goods. The production department
depends upon the purchase and financial department.

Production means step by step conversion of raw materials into finished goods. The
production process is the logic functions of an industry around in which all other
activities of the organization are revolving.

Production department perform the following function under various heads.

 Function of production department

 Production department chart

 Production process

 Production methods
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FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

 Production planning and Control

 Quality control

 Inventory control

 Other function

Production Planning and Control

It manages the supply of goods at a proper time to execute the order received by the
company. It also helps to control over the production process. It involves the decision
when, what, how, why to produce the goods.

Quality Control

The production manager is also responsible for the maintaining a quality of the
product steps should be taken to produce the goods according to the specification.

Inventory Control

Production manager is supposed to have control over the cost of Production by

reducing the wastage of materials. He is determining the economic lot size, economic
order quantity, order levels.

PRODUCTION PROCESS

FABRIC INSPECTION

When the fabrics are received from the dyeing and finishing section, it needs to be
checked, because, faulty fabrics can be supplied from dyeing and finishing. But the
cutting section has to check it. Otherwise the end products will be faulty. For this, the
fabric is being inspected by the quality inspector of the cutting section. They check the
fabric fully and find out the faults. Then mark it so that, these faulty portion of the fabric
can be rejected during spreading and cutting. Then the fabric is being stored for
relaxation.
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CUTTING

After testing the fabric, if it is seemed that, the fabric quality is ok, and then test
cutting is done. Here a little amount of fabric is cut and sewed in sewing section. Then
the garments are compared with the approved sample. Sewing allowance and other
measurements are also observed. If everything is ok, then the approval is given and the
fabric is ready for bulk production.

Printing

Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs.

In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to
resist washing and friction. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the
whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, whereas in printing one or more
colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns.

In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreens can be

used to place colours on the fabric. Colorants used in printing contain dyes thickened to
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prevent the color from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or
design.

STITCHING

After receive the garments components from cutting section, all the garments parts are
joined and sewn as sequentially. Obviously all the components are sewn respects on
buyer requirement.
Sewing section is the most important department of a garment manufacturing industry.
Sewing machines of different types are arranged as a vertical line to assemble the
garments. Sequence of types of sewing machine arrangement depends on sequence of
assembling operations.
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Checking

 Fabric Store
In the fabric store fabric is being checked before issuing it to cutting department.
In general not all the fabric is checked. Usually 10% of fabrics are checked for good
fabric suppliers. For power loom fabric and printed fabric 100% checking is done.
Fabrics are checked in flat table, flat table with light box or on fabric checking
machine. 4 point system for fabric inspection is used to measure the quality level of
the incoming fabric.
 Trims & Accessory
Trims quality is also very important for having a quality garment. Trims
inspection is done randomly against the given standards, like color matching. But for
trims and accessories quantity checking is essential.
 Cutting Room
It is said that cutting is the heart of production. If cutting is done well then
chances of occurring defects in the following processes comes down. In cutting
room, check points are – i) marker checking, ii) cut part audit and iii) bundle
checking.
 Printing Checking
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Printing is not a compulsory process. If printing is done in fabric form then

printing is being checked in fabric store. For knits garment, maximum printing is
done in cut panels. So before issuing cuttings to sewing department, each panel is
being checked properly. Defects that are found here is print placement, color
matching, misprint or print overlapping or shade variation.

IRONING PROCESS
Garments Finishing
Garments finishing means, mainly applies of pressing, folding & packing of
garments.
Pressing
Pressing is a finishing process done by a cloth to heat and pressure with or
without steam to remove creases and to impart a flat appearance to the cloth or
garments. In garment industries pressing is also called ironing. After completing
pressing the garments have to be folded.

Pressing
Folding
After completing pressing, the garments are folded with a predetermine area. Garments
are folded according to the buyers direction, requirements in a standard area.
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Folding

Folding classification depends on the fabric types. There are mainly four types of folding.
They are –
Stand up
Collar is folded and situated at 90* angle.
Semi stand up
Collar is folded with body and situated at 45 degree angle.

Semi stand up

Flat pack
Collar is separated as a hole on the body of shirt.
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Flat pack
At the end of the folding, garments are placed into a polythene packet.
Packing
After folding, garments are packing the size of polythene packet is permanent.
Specially, it is needed to ensure the placement of sticker in proper place.

Packing is the part of garment finishing. It is done by the requirement of buyer.

Various types of packing accessories are available in store room such as polybag, packing
board, tissue paper, hanger, scotch tape, gum tape, carton etc.
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Flow Chart of Packing Section

Make shipping mark according to P/O, Spread sheet

↓
Approve from buyer
↓
Carton measurement confirm from Q.C dept
↓
Sample make (carton)
↓
Re-approved from buyer
↓
Ensure net and gross weight
↓
Go to bulk production
↓
Complete the carton with garment

PACKING
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4.4 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct flow of goods service
from produce to customer or ultimate user. Marker is considered to be an essential
activity for every business enterprise because major income of the company depends
extremely on market. The company followed the open market sales.

Open Market sale

The company products are directly distributed to the customer at fixed price with own
name. The products are best quality to suitable for customers needs. The company
sales the product to all the village and towns at Madurai. The demand for PVC pipes
increasing day to day.

Marketing Mix

The marketing departments have to give equal attention to all the aspects of a
marketing mix. It includes 4p’s of marketing. It consists of product, price, place and
promotion. The decision regarding mix was done by joint director, general manager and
marketing manager.

Product

Product refers to anything, which is offered to the public for sale. It may be a physical
object, service or an idea. It includes the decision requesting the quality feature, design,
packing etc.

Price

Consumers have to pay money in exchange for goods. Price is the only element that
products revenue. All other three elements i.e. the product promotion and place involve
expenditure& increase the expenditure.
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Promotion

Promotion performs the function to persuade and motivate people to buy the product
etc. Place it includes the use of various links in the chain of distribution like retailer,
dealer, agents etc.

4.5 SALES DEPARTMENT

Sales function is one of the important functions to the business concern. Actually
the major problem of business is not a production, but selling the product. A system of
documentation and controls to reduce the selling expenses.

The PVC pipe is otherwise called as “Blue pipe”. That the industry sales two types of
pipes such as super thick pipes and pasted pipes.

Pasted pipe are used to agricultural purpose and super thick pipes are used to electrical
purpose to the house. The capability of the pipes ranging from 1/2 inch to 7inches. Rigid
PVC pipes are sold by the sales department to the co-operative pipe unit at fixed rate
when is determinable by the director of the company.

FUNCTION OF THE SALES DEPERTMENT

 To analysis the market condition

 To submit the report is every month to managing director

 To improve the sales volume

 To obtain the qualified sales force

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4.6 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

It is the art of recording classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in

the term of money transaction and events which are in the part at least of financial and
interpreting the results there at.

The account may be placed in the various ladders to their qualifications. Finance
department is the control department. So the financial planning and budgeting are to be
determined by the fiancé manager. In this concern account department includes cash
department is also entrusted with the work of the receipt of cash.

Function of Finance Department

 The important function of account department is maintaining all the cash as well
as credit transaction of the company.

 It determines cash book, general ledger, journal and personal ledger of the
industry.

 It maintains cashbook, general ledger, journal and personal ledger of the

individual.

The finance department maintained some accounts. The following accounts are
maintained by the finance department. They are as follows:

 Cash account

 Purchase account

 Sales account

 Wages account

 Banks account

 Main ledger account

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Cash Account

All transactions about cash flow is maintained in the cash account. Main purpose of
cash account is used to transact the amount from suppliers to dealers and to receive the
amount from buyers.

Sales Account

In the company all sales transaction are maintained in the sales account.

Wages Account

In the wages account it maintain the wages and salaries details of all the employees.

Purchase Account

In this account amount of raw materials and machines are purchased and its cost is
entered into the purchase account.

Banks Account

The banking transactions are entered into the bank account for verification.

Main ledger Account

In this company all administrative expense, selling and distribution expenses are
posted in the ledger according to the journal entry.

Working Capital

Working capital refers to company investment in short term securities account

receivable and inventories. The organization requires fund to meet its day today needs
and expenditure such as purchase of employee wages. Storage costs, equipment, and
plant maintenance cost, experiencing the time by between the sales of the products and
payment for term
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SOURCES OF WORKING CAPITAL

 Funds from business operation

 Other incomes such as division’s donation interest from investment.

 Sales of non-current aspects such as useless and absolute plant and machinery.

 Long term borrowing.

 Issue of additional equity capital (or) preference share capital.

4.7 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

The factor of the production namely man, machine, money, material and method are
important for the successful meaning of an industry. Managing of personnel department
is involves assessment of the man power requirement organizing selecting and devising
their compensation package and sub staining their motivation.

The personnel function is concerned with all of the human relationship among
workers are people. The management may be determined of the planning organization
directing and controlling of the procurement development, composition and maintained
of human resources for the purpose of attaining the organization goals.

FUNCTIONS OF THE PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

The personal department deals with recruitment, selection, training wages, salary, welfare
and healthy measures. The above functions are done by the officer. Personnel
department perform the following function under various heads.
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 Recruitment

 Selection

 Interview

 Shift timing

 Over time

 Holidays

 Provident fund

 Bonus

Recruitment

It is process of finally and attracting capable applicants for employment recommendation

employees taken into the account while recruiting employees.

Selection

It is the process of the picking individuals with required qualification and complete of
fill job in the organization.

Interview

The personal manager calls the applicants for the personal interview for locating right
job to the right person.

Shift Timing

The workers are working in the industry on the basis of the shift timing.

[Link] SHIFT WORKING HOURS

1 I SHIFT 8 am to 4 pm
2 II SHIFT 6 pm to 2 am
 41

Over time

The employee who is workers more than his schedule working hours called ‘over time’.
It over time is made by the workers, be can be receive the company for his work from the
company.

Holidays

Weakly one day is provided as a holiday for the workers. The company provided
holidays for festival and national holidays.

Provident Fund

Provident fund is given for both the employees and the employers. The provident
fund contribution by the employee is 12%is given in all level.

Bonus

Bonus is given that the time of Deepavali. The bonus is given up to 20% to 25% in
their total earning.

Promotion

Vacancy may be filled of by giving a promotion to the employees of the industry. In the
pipe industry promotion policy is simply and it course helps to increase the morals,
among the staff members of the industry.

Leave Wages

Leave wages is given to the employees. All together the employees are given 34 days
which includes casual leave and other national and regional holidays.

Compensation

The compensation is payable by an employer to his workers incase of accident upon

the type and extant of injury.
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CHAPTER – V CONCLUSION

This traning is very useful to get more information for the completing this project.
A very good experience has been gained in working in different kinds of people. Which
is found in valuable and the environmnet is good and interesting. The knowledge
gained will be very useful in my life.
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REFERENCES

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]

 Author Andrew [Link], Essential of management, Thomson Southwestern,2012

Principles of Management.