Python & MongoDB: A Beginner's Guide - Student
Handout
Project Overview: Building a Simple Python Application
that Interacts with MongoDB
Key Concepts:
MongoDB: A NoSQL database that stores data in a flexible, JSON-like format called
BSON.
CRUD Operations: Create, Read, Update, Delete operations on data.
1. Python and MongoDB Integration
Step 1: Installing the pymongo Package
Command: pip install pymongo
Step 2: Connecting to MongoDB from Python
import pymongo
# Connect to MongoDB
client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
# Access a database
db = client["mydatabase"]
# Access a collection
collection = db["mycollection"]
2. Performing CRUD Operations via Python Scripts
Create (Insert Documents)
# Example 1: Insert a single document
document = {"name": "John", "age": 25, "city": "Mumbai"}
collection.insert_one(document)
# Example 2: Insert multiple documents
documents = [
{"name": "Amit", "age": 30, "city": "Delhi"},
{"name": "Sara", "age": 22, "city": "Bangalore"}
]
collection.insert_many(documents)
# Example 3: Insert with additional fields
document = {"name": "Emily", "age": 28, "city": "Chennai", "occupation":
"Engineer"}
collection.insert_one(document)
Read (Retrieve Documents)
# Example 1: Retrieve all documents
for doc in collection.find():
print(doc)
# Example 2: Retrieve documents with a filter
query = {"city": "Mumbai"}
for doc in collection.find(query):
print(doc)
# Example 3: Retrieve specific fields
for doc in collection.find({}, {"name": 1, "city": 1}):
print(doc)
Update (Modify Documents)
# Example 1: Update a single document
query = {"name": "John"}
new_values = {"$set": {"age": 26}}
collection.update_one(query, new_values)
# Example 2: Update multiple documents
query = {"city": "Delhi"}
new_values = {"$set": {"city": "New Delhi"}}
collection.update_many(query, new_values)
# Example 3: Increment a field value
query = {"name": "Amit"}
new_values = {"$inc": {"age": 1}}
collection.update_one(query, new_values)
Delete (Remove Documents)
# Example 1: Delete a single document
query = {"name": "John"}
collection.delete_one(query)
# Example 2: Delete multiple documents
query = {"city": "New Delhi"}
collection.delete_many(query)
# Example 3: Delete all documents
collection.delete_many({})
3. Data Manipulation in MongoDB Using Python
Indexing and Querying with Filters
# Example 1: Create an index on the "name" field
collection.create_index([("name", pymongo.ASCENDING)])
# Example 2: Query with a filter
query = {"age": {"$gt": 25}}
for doc in collection.find(query):
print(doc)
# Example 3: Query with multiple conditions
query = {"age": {"$gt": 25}, "city": "Mumbai"}
for doc in collection.find(query):
print(doc)
4. Best Practices: Exception Handling, Error Logging,
and Performance Tips
Exception Handling
try:
collection.insert_one(document)
except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
Error Logging
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='app.log', level=logging.ERROR)
try:
collection.insert_one(document)
except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e:
logging.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")
Performance Tips
Use Indexes: Speed up queries on large datasets.
Limit Results: Use limit() to fetch a specific number of documents.
Batch Processing: Process data in batches to manage memory usage.
Activity: Complete the Project
1. Install pymongo and set up a connection to MongoDB.
2. Create a database and a collection.
3. Perform CRUD operations (insert, read, update, delete) on the collection.
4. Implement error handling and logging.
5. Optimize your queries using indexes and filters.
Conclusion
By completing this project, you will understand how to integrate Python with MongoDB and
perform various database operations efficiently.
