INTERNET
OF
THINGS
INTERNET OF THINGS
• The Internet of Things describes devices with
sensors, processing ability, software and
other technologies that connect and
exchange data with other devices and
systems over the Internet of other
communications networks.
• The Internet of Things encompasses
History of IOT
• The term “ Internet of
Things” was coined in 1999
by the computer Scientist
Kevin Ashton.
Communication Protocol of IOT
• IOT Communication protocols from the backbone of IoT
systems and enable network connectivity and coupling to
applications.
• Communications protocol allow devices to exchange data over
the network.
• Protocols like perception layer, datalink layer, network layer,
transport layer, and application layer are the protocols used for
devices and routing of packets from source to destination.
• Other functions of protocols include sequence control, flow
Communication Protocol of IOT
HTTP CoAP MQTT XMPP DDS
Application Layer
WebSocket
Transport Layer TCP UDP
Network Layer IPv4 IPv6 6LoWPAN
802.3 802.16 2G/3G/4G
Data Link Layer Ethernet WiMax Cellular
802.11 WiFi 802.15.4 LR-WPAN
Perception Layer RFID Sensor
Sensor Gateway
Sensors Nodes
Application Layer
• Application layer protocols define
how the applications interface with
the lower layer protocols to send the
data over the network.
• In application layer the port numbers
are used for application addressing.
• Application layer protocols enable
process to process connection using
HTTP
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method
for encoding and transporting information
between a client (such as a web browser) and a
web server.
• HTTP is the primary protocol for transmission of
information across the Internet.
• HTTP includes comments such as GET, PUT,
POST, HEAD, TRACE, OPTIONS, etc.
CoAP
• Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is
a specialized Internet application protocol
for constrained devices, as defined in RFC
7252.
• CoAP enables those constrained devices
called "nodes" to communicate with the
wider Internet using similar protocols.
WebSockets
• WebSocket is a computer communications
protocol, providing simultaneous two-way
communication channels over a single
Transmission Control Protocol connection.
• The WebSocket protocol was standardized
by the IETF as RFC 6455 in 2011.
MQTT
• MQTT is a lightweight, publish-subscribe,
machine to machine network protocol for
message queue/message queuing service.
• MQTT is designed for connections with
remote locations that have devices with
resource constraints or limited network
bandwidth, such as in the Internet of Things.
XMPP
• Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol is an open communication
protocol designed for instant messaging,
presence information, and contact list
maintenance.
• Based on XML, it enables the near-real-time
exchange of structured data between two or
more network entities.
DDS
• Data Distribution Service (DDS)
• The Object Manage Group (OMG) has
designed DDS which is used for real time
application using peer-to-peer
communication.
• The DDS is broker-less and used for
multicasting with high reliability for low
AMQP
• The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
is an open standard application layer
protocol for message-oriented middleware.
• The defining features of AMQP are
message orientation, queuing, routing,
reliability and security.
Transport Layer
• The main role of the transport layer is to provide
the communication services directly to the
application processes running on different hosts.
• The transport layer provides a logical
communication between application processes
running on different hosts.
