AIM OFEXPERIMENT
To study the dependence ofpotential difference V across a resistor on the current I and
determine its
resistance. Also plot a graph betweenV and I.
Apparatus. Voltmeter of range 0 to 1.5 V, given resistance wire, key, rheostat, an ammeter of range 0 - 1.5A,
dry cell, connecting wires, sand paper.
Theory. According to Ohm's law, physical conditions (temperature, etc.) remaining the same, P.D. across ends
of a conductor is directly proportional to the current passing through conductor i.e.,
VocI
V= RI
or,
V’
constant called resistance and it depends uponnature of conductor, its temperature and dimensions
where R is a
(length, area or radius, etc.).
straight line.
Since Voc I, the graph between V and I is a
Dry cell
Rheostat (Rh)
Plug-key
K
Rh Resistance wire
Connecting wire/
V Ammeter Voltmeter
Fig. (a) Circuit diagram (b) Block diagram
help of sand paper.
Procedure. 1. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with the
block diagram. Be sure that ammeter
2. Draw the circuit diagram.Arrange the apparatus on table as shown in
to unknown resistor.
is put in series and voltmeter in parallel
corrections of ammeter and
and voltmeter. Als0 note down zero
3. Determine the least count of ammeter
voltmeter.
through
key, K. Adjust the rheostat Rh to pass small current
4. Show connections to teacher and insert plug in Apply zerocorrection to each.
circuit. Record voltmeter and ammeter readings.
voltmeter and
adjusting slider of rheostat. Note the readings of
5. Increase the current in small steps by in all.
ammeter. Apply correction to each reading. Take 6 readings
6. Draw a graph taking V on X-axis and Ion Y-axis.
Observations and Calculations
Range of voltmeter x =
Number of divisions on voltmeterN=
Least count of voltmeter
N
Zero correction of voltmeter = ...........V
Range of ammeter y = ...A
Number of divisions on ammeter N=
Least count of ammeter = ...............A
N'
Zero correction of ammeter = A.
10 PRACTICAL SCIENCE (X C.B.S.E.)
S. No.
Voltmeter reading V Ammeter readingI V
-R
=R
Observed Corrected Observed Corrected
1 ......v. ...V A ......A ..Ohm
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mean R = .Ohm.
Graph. Graph between Vand Iis a straight line, therefore, Ohm's law
Result. 1.Since graph between Vand Iis a straight line arnd also V/I is constant, therefore, Ohm's law is verified.
Ohm.
2. Resistance of given resistor = the curren
Precautions, 1. Get the circuit checked by teacher before passing
2. Rub the ends of the wire properly with sand paper.
3. Connections must be neat and tight. immediately after it.
4. Put the plug in key, Konly when reading isto berecorded. Take off plug versa.
terminals of voltmeter and ammeter should be connected to positive of the celland vice
5. Positive
negative terminals with the same wire.]
6. Never short circuit the cell(i.e., never connect positive and
