A rectangular spread footing supports an interior 300mm x 400mm column supporting a service dead load
of 1800 kN and a service live load of 1250 kN. The column is built with 24.1 MPa concrete and it should
use 20-mm diameter longitudinal bars with 𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎. The depth of the footing should not exceed at
2m and the preferred thickness of the foundation should be at least 450mm. The top of the footing will
be covered by soil with unit weight of 18.8 𝑘𝑁⁄ 3 and a 150mm thick basement floor. The basement floor
𝑚
loading is 4.8 kPa. The limiting smaller dimension of the footing is 3m. If necessary, use 25mm diameter
reinforcing bars with 𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 for bearing connection between column and footing. The observed
value of the ultimate soil bearing capacity was 870 kPa. Use FS 3.0. Determine the following:
A. Recommended longer dimension of the rectangular footing.
• Consider the soil bearing pressure condition (dimension assessment)
𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 870 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑞𝑛𝑎 = = = 290 𝑘𝑃𝑎.
𝐹𝑆 3
𝑞𝑛 = 𝑞𝑛𝑎 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑞𝑛 = 290𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 4.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 23.544(0.15)
𝑞𝑛 = 241.9336 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃
𝑞𝑛 >
𝐴
1800𝑘𝑁 + 1250 𝑘𝑁
241.9336 𝑘𝑃𝑎 =
(3)(𝐿)
𝐿 = 4.2023 m
Try: B = 3.0m, L= 4.225m
𝑃𝑢 = 1.4𝐷𝐿 = 1.4(1800) = 2520 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿 = 1.2(1800) + 1.6(1250) = 4160𝑘𝑁
Use: 4160 kN
𝑃𝑢 4160 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑛𝑢 = = = 328.2051 2
𝐵𝐿 3.0(4.225) 𝑚
• Check for two-way shear (punching shear)
d = T - cc - 𝑑𝑏
d = 450mm – 75mm – 20mm
d = 355mm
𝑏0 = 2(𝑐1 + 𝑑) + 2(𝑐2 + 𝑑)
𝑏0 = 2(0.3 + 0.355) + 2(0.4 + 0.355)
𝑏0 = 2.82𝑚
𝑣𝑢𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 [(𝐵𝐿) − (𝑐1 + 𝑑)(𝑐2 + 𝑑)]
𝑘𝑁
𝑣𝑢𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 328.2051 2 [(3𝑚)(4.225𝑚) − (0.3𝑚 + 0.355𝑚)(0.4𝑚 + 0.355𝑚)]
𝑚
𝑣𝑢𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 3997.6944 𝑘𝑁
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (1) = 0.75(0.33)√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑜 )(𝑑)
1
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (1) = 0.75(0.33)√24.1 (2820)(355)(1000) = 1216.357 kN
2
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (2) = 0.75(0.17)(1 + )√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑜 )(𝑑)
𝛽
2 1
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (2) = 0.75(0.17) (1 + ) √24.1(2820)(355) ( ) = 1566.521 𝑘𝑁
400 1000
300
𝑎𝑠 𝑑
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (3) = 0.75(0.083)(2 + )√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑜 )(𝑑)
𝑏𝑜
40(355) 1
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (3) = 0.75(0.083) (2 + ) √24.1(2820)(355) ( ) = 2160 𝑘𝑁
2820 1000
Use: 1216.357 kN (least)
Since 𝒗𝒄𝑻𝑾𝑺 < 𝒗𝒖𝑻𝑾𝑺 , therefore, NOT OK!
So, equate the capacity and actual.
𝑣𝑢𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 (1)
𝑞𝑛𝑢 [(𝐵𝐿) − (𝑐1 + 𝑑)(𝑐2 + 𝑑)] = 0.75(0.33)√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑜 )(𝑑)
𝑘𝑁 𝑑 𝑑
328.2051 2 [(3𝑚)(4.225𝑚) − (0.3𝑚 + ) (0.4𝑚 + )]
𝑚 1000 1000
1
= 0.75(0.33)√24.1 [2(𝑐1 + 𝑑) + 2(𝑐2 + 𝑑)](𝑑)( )
1000
𝑘𝑁 𝑑 𝑑
328.2051 2 [(3𝑚)(4.225𝑚) − (0.3𝑚 + ) (0.4𝑚 + )]
𝑚 1000 1000
1
= 0.75(0.33)√24.1 [2(300 + 𝑑) + 2(400 + 𝑑)](𝑑)( )
1000
𝑑 = 724.3345mm
𝑇 = 𝑑+ cc + 𝑑𝑏
𝑇 = 724.3345 + 75 + 20
T = 819.3345mm
Use:
T = 825 mm
d = 730mm
Check if 𝒗𝒄𝑻𝑾𝑺 > 𝒗𝒖𝑻𝑾𝑺
𝑘𝑁 730 730
𝑣𝑢𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 328.2051 𝑚2 [(3𝑚)(4.225𝑚) − (0.3𝑚 + 1000) (0.4𝑚 + 1000)] = 3778.0017kN
𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 = 0.75(0.33)√24.1 [2(0.3 + 0.73) + 2(0.4 + 0.73)](0.73) = 3831.6897 𝑘𝑁
(check the other two 𝑣𝑐𝑇𝑊𝑆 )
Therefore, 𝒗𝒄𝑻𝑾𝑺 > 𝒗𝒖𝑻𝑾𝑺 .Ok!
• Check for one-way shear
Area 1
𝐵 𝐶1
𝑣𝑢𝑂𝑊𝑆 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 (𝐿)( − − 𝑑)
2 2
3 0.3
𝑣𝑢𝑂𝑊𝑆 = 328.2051(4.225) ( − − 0.73) = 859.733 𝑘𝑁
2 2
1
𝑣𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑤𝑠 = 0.75 (0.17)(√24.1(4225)(730)(1000) = 1930.4932 KN
Therefore, 𝒗𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒘𝒔 > 𝒗𝒖𝑶𝑾𝑺 , OK!
Area 2
𝐿 𝐶1
𝑣𝑢𝑂𝑊𝑆 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 (𝐵)( − − 𝑑)
2 2
4.225 0.4
𝑣𝑢𝑂𝑊𝑆 = 328.2051(3) ( − − 0.73) = 1164.306 𝑘𝑁
2 2
1
𝑣𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑤𝑠 = 0.75 (0.17)(√24.1(3000)(730)(1000) = 1370.764 KN
Therefore, 𝒗𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒘𝒔 > 𝒗𝒖𝑶𝑾𝑺 , OK!
• Check for Flexure
Longer Direction
𝐿 𝑐 1 𝐿 𝐶2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 (𝐵)(2 − 22) 2 (2 − )
2
1 𝐿 𝐶
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 (𝐵)(2)(2 − 22 )2
𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑢 = 1800.6923 3
𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝞥(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄)(𝒂)(𝑩)(𝒅 − )
2
𝑘𝑁 𝑎 1 2
1800.6923 3 = 0.9( 0.85)(24.1)(𝑎)(3000)(730 − )( )
𝑚 2 1000
𝑎 = 46.0507 𝑚𝑚 so c = 54.1773mm
600
𝑓𝑠 = (𝑑 − 𝑐)
𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = 7484.5735 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦
𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
600
𝜀𝑡 = (𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐) = 0.03742 > 0.005
𝑐
C=T
0.85(24.1)(46.0507)(3000) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 0.002(3000)(825) = 4950 𝑚𝑚2
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Number of Rebar:
𝐴𝑠 6819.38
N=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 21.7068 pcs
4
𝐷2 4
(20)2
Therefore, use 22 – 20mm∅ main bar / longer bar
Spacing:
3000 = 2(75) + 22(20) + (22-1)S
S = 114.7619 mm < 3T = 3(825) = 2475mm
< 450mm
Therefore, use 114.7619 mm
Shorter Direction
1 𝐵 𝐶1 2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑛𝑢 (𝐿)(2)( 2 − )
2
𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑢 = 1263.6 3
𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝞥(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄)(𝒂)(𝑳)(𝒅 − )
2
𝑘𝑁 𝑎 1 2
1263.6 3 = 0.9( 0.85)(24.1)(𝑎)(4225)(730 − )( )
𝑚 2 1000
𝑎 = 22.5709 𝑚𝑚 so c = 26.5439 mm
600
𝑓𝑠 = (𝑑 − 𝑐)
𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = 15894.7243 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦
𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
0.003
𝜀𝑡 = (𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐) = 0.07947 > 0.005
𝑐
So 𝝫 = 0.9
C=T
0.85(24.1)(22.5709)(4225) = 𝐴𝑠 (415)
𝐴𝑠 = 4707.208 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 0.002(4225)(825) = 6971.25 𝑚𝑚2 . 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) > 𝐴𝑠
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔𝟗𝟕𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Number of Rebar:
𝐴𝑠 8971.25
N=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 22.19 pcs
𝐷2 (20)2
4 4
Therefore, use 23 – 20mm∅ shrink / temp bars
Spacing:
4225 = 2(75) + 23(20) + (23-1)S
S = 164.318 mm < 3T = 3(825) = 2475mm
< 450mm
Therefore, use 164 mm
• Check for Bandwidth (BW)
Bandwidth Area = 𝛿𝑠 (𝐴𝑠 )
2
BWA = 𝐿 (𝐴𝑠 )
+1
𝐵
2 𝜋
BWA = 4.225 (23)( 4 )(20)2 = 6000.5507 𝑚𝑚2
+1
3
Number of Bandwidth Reinforcement
6000.5507
NBWR = 𝜋 = 19.100 pcs (say 20 pcs)
(𝐷)2
4
Therefore, 23-20 = 3 (say 4 to make symmetrical)
Therefore, use 24 pcs of 20mm ∅ for shrink / temp bars (20 pcs inside BW)
Spacing inside BW
3000 = 20(20) + (20-1)S
𝑆1 = 136.8241 mm < 5T = 5(825) = 4125mm
< 450mm
Spacing outside BW
4225 3000
− = 75 + 2(20) + 2𝑆2
2 2
𝑆2 = 248.75 𝑚𝑚 < 5𝑇 = 4125𝑚𝑚
< 450 mm
• Check for Bearing Connection / Dowel
𝑨𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒙 𝟎. 𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑎1 2
= ; 𝑎1 = 1650 𝑚𝑚
825 1
Along shorter direction
𝑥𝐵 = 𝑐1 + 2𝑎1 = 300 + 2(1650) = 3600𝑚𝑚 > 𝐵
𝑥𝐵 = 𝐵 = 3.0𝑚
Along longer direction
𝑥𝐿 = 𝑐2 + 2𝑎1 = 400 + 2(1650) = 3700𝑚𝑚 < 𝐿
𝑥𝐿 = 3.7𝑚
𝑨𝟐 = (𝟑)(𝟑. 𝟕) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝟐
11.1 1
𝐵𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑝 (1) = 0.65(0.85)(24.1)(0.12)(1000)2 (√0.12)(1000) = 15367.436 kN
1
𝐵𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑝 (2) = 0.65(2)(0.85)(24.1)(0.12)(1000)2 (1000) = 3195.66 kN
Use 𝐵𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 3195.66 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑩𝒖𝒄𝒂𝒑 < Pu = 4160 kN (NEED DOWELS!!)
Check for number of rebars
∆𝑃𝐵 = 𝐵𝑢(𝑐𝑎𝑝) − 𝑃𝑢 = 𝛷𝐴𝑠𝑑 𝑓𝑦
4160 – 3195.66 = 0.65(𝐴𝑠𝑑 )(415)
𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 3574.938 𝑚𝑚2 > 0.005(400)(300)
𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 3574.938 𝑚𝑚2 > 600 𝑚𝑚2
Use 𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 3574.938 𝑚𝑚2
Number of Rebar:
𝐴 3574.938
N = 𝜋 𝑠𝑑2 = 𝜋 = 7.28 pcs
𝐷 (25)2
4 4
Therefore, use 8 – 25mm∅ dowel bars
• Check for Development Length
For Dowels:
a. 𝑙𝑑 0.24(415)(1)
𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛 =( )(25)=507.2315 𝑚𝑚
√241
b. 0.043(415)(1)(25) = 446.125 𝑚𝑚
c. 200 mm
Use: 507.2315 mm (larger)
𝑙𝑑 = 𝑇 − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑏 − 𝑑𝑏 − 𝑑(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟)
𝑙𝑑 = 825 − 75 − 20 − 20 − 25
𝑙𝑑 = 685𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑𝑐 ok!
𝑚𝑖𝑛
For longer bar (Main Bar), Since
cc = 75mm > db = 25mm
S = 114.7619mm > 2db = 50mm
Therefore, case 2 will apply.
415
𝑙𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (20) = 805.1008 > 300𝑚𝑚.
2.1√24.1
Use 𝒍𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟖𝟎𝟓. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝐿 𝑐2
𝑙𝑑 = − − 75 = 1837.5𝑚𝑚 > 𝑙𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑘!
2 2
For shorter bar (Temp/Shrink Bar), Since
case 2 will apply.
415
𝑙𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (20) = 805.1008 > 300𝑚𝑚.
2.1√24.1
Use 𝒍𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟖𝟎𝟓. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝐵 𝑐1
𝑙𝑑 = − − 75 = 1275𝑚𝑚 > 𝑙𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑘!
2 2
Therefore:
B = 3m , L = 4.225m
T = 825mm
Main Bar: 22 – 20mm ∅
Shrink /Temp Bar: 24 - 20mm ∅ (20 pcs inside BW)
Dowel Bar: 8 – 20mm ∅
