ANALYTICGEOMETRY

Overview:

The conic sections are the curve shapes that can be created when a plane intersects a
double cone. Every conic section has certain features, including at least one focus and directrix
Geometrically, it can be defined as the set of points P whose distance to the focus is a constant
multiple of the distance from P to the directrix of the conic. There are four primary conic
sections - the circle, the parabola, the ellipse, and the hyperbola. Module II presents the circle
and the ellipse. You will study the basic concepts, the standard and general forms, as well as its
application.

WORKPLAN:
Course Learning Intended Learning Week Module /Lesson Coursework Target
Outcomes Outcomes Activity/ Date of
Assessment Submissi
on
1. Demonstrate Explain the basic Week MODULE II. THE CONIC -Interactive Online
mastery of concepts concepts of circle. 7-8 SECTIONS discussion
and skills in solving (Asynchronous)
problems in geometry Use graphing IV. The Circle -PowerPoint
using the processes of calculators/ A. Basic Concepts Presentation on Circle
algebra. computer algebra B. Standard and General Forms and Ellipse
2.Prove theorems in systems in sketching C. Application -Videos:
geometry using the and analyzing graphs The Organic Chemistry
analytic method. of circle. Week Tutor. (3 February 2018).
3.Use the concepts and 9-11 V. The Parabola Graphing Circles and
principles of analytic Solve word problems A. Basic Concepts Writing Equations of
geometry in solving involving the B. Standard and General Forms Circles In Standard
mathematical standard and general C. Application Form - Conic Sections.
problems. equation of a circle. Retrieved from
4.Sketch the graphs of https://www.youtube.co
curves and conics m/watch?v=u_39J-syjB0
using the coordinate Discuss the basic
system. concepts of parabola. Jabee TV. (3 December
5.Use graphing 2019). CONIC Sections:
Use graphing Parabola. Retrieved
calculators and
calculators/ from
computer algebra
computer algebra https://www.youtube.co
systems in sketching

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and analyzing graphs.systems in sketching m/watch?v=0Wda7-NYV
and analyzing graphs 5I
of parabola.
Problem Set 2.1
Solve word problems
involving the Problem Set 2.2 Wk 8
standard and general
equation of a Quiz 2
parabola. Wk 10

Wk 11

Week 12
MIDTERM EXAMINATION: “WHAT’S THE -TION?”

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MODULE II. THE CONIC SECTIONS: CIRCLE AND PARABOLA

IV. THE CIRCLE

4.1 Basic Concepts

A circle is defined as the set of all points that are at the same distance from a given point
in the plane. The fixed given point is called the center. The circle is named after its center.

Hence in the figure, the given is a circle A.

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AX,AZ and AYare segment whose endpoints are the
center of the circle and a point on a circle.

These three segments are called radii of the circle.

 Radius of a circle is a segment whose endpoints are the center and a point on the circle.
AX, AZ and AY are examples of radius. In the figure, YX is called a chord it is segment whose
endpoints are points on the circle. YZ is called diameter of a circle.

4.2 The Standard and General Forms

Standard form of a circle at (h,K): (x-h)2+(y-k)2= r2

where (h. k) is the center and r is the radius

Standard equation of circle at the origin: x2+y2=r2

Example 1: Identify the center and radius of the circle whose equation is

a. x-42+y+32= 102 Ans: Center (4,-3), r=10

b. x2+y2=14 Ans: Center (0,0), r=14

Graphing Circle Centered at the Origin

The simplest circle to graph is one whose center is at the origin (0, 0). Because both h
and k are zero, they can disappear, and you can simplify the standard circle equation to look like
x2+y2= r2

For instance, to graph the circle x2+y2=16, follow these steps:

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 Step 1: Realize that the center of the circle is at the origin (h = 0 and k = 0)

(x-h)2+(y-k)2= r2

(x-0)2+(y-0)2= r2

Step 2: Solve the radius by solving for r.

r2=16 r2=16 r=4

Step 3. Plot the radius points on the coordinate plane.

You count out 4 in every direction from the center (0,

0): left, right, up, and down. This step gives you
points at (4, 0), (0, 4), (-4, 0), and (0, -4).

Graphing Circle Centered Away from the Origin

In pre-calculus, you work with transforming graphs of all different shapes and sizes.
Fortunately, these graphs all follow the same pattern for horizontal and vertical shifts, so you
don’t have to remember many rules.

A circle is centered at (9, 6) and has a radius of 10. Find the standard form equation of
the circle.

Equation of the circle formula: (x-h)2+(y-k)2= r2

Step 1: Identify the center of the circle that is (h, k)

(h, k) = (9, 6)

Step 2: Identify the radius of the circle that is r

r = 10

Step 3: Using the equation of the circle, substitute the value of (h, k) and r.

(x-9)2+(y-6)2= 102

Step 4: Simplify the equation

(x-9)2+(y-6)2= 100

Now, let us try to graph the equation of the circle using the Cartesian Coordinate System

Step 1: Locate the center of the circle from the equation (h, k)

x-92 meansthat the x-coordinate of thecenter is possitive9

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 y-62 means thatthey-coordinate of thecenter is possitive6

Step 2: Calculate the radius by solving for r

Set r2=100 r2=100 r=10

Step 3. Plot the center point on the coordinate plane.

Count 10 units up since our radius is 10, down, left,

and right from the center at (9, 6). This step gives
you points at (19, 6), (9, 16), (-1, 6), and (9, -4).

4.3 Application

Example 1: Find an equation of the circle with radius 3 and center (2, -5) and graph.

Solution:

Using the equation of a circle with , and , we obtain

x-22+y+52= 32

x-22+y+52= 9

Graph:

Example 2: Find the equation of the circle whose center is at the origin and which passes
through the point (3, 2) and graph the equation.

Solution:

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 We know that the standard equation is x2 + y2 = r2. The radius is not given but it is
known that the circle passes through the point (3, 2), which means its coordinates must
satisfy the circle’s equation.

By substituting the coordinates in the given equation, we have 32 + 22 = r2, or r2 =

13. Therefore, the required equation is x2 + y2 = 13.

Example 3. Find the equation of the circle whose center is at (3, 4) and radius equals 3.

Solution:

The equation of the circle is (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 32

Therefore, the required equation is (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 9