Aviation &

space
Jay, Hawra, Ranvir, Araina, Dia, Rihaan, and Suhaani
 Exhibits

1. 2.
HOT AIR KITE
BALLOON
 Who invented the hot air
balloon?
● The Montgolfier brothers, Joseph and Stephen
Montgolfier invented the hot air balloon in 1783.

● They first experimented with silk bags filled with

smoke and eventually came up with the idea of
the hot air balloon

● They also discovered that heated air was lighter

than cooler air.

● Their balloon was made of linen and paper and

was inflated with hot air from a fire.
How have hot air balloons been
used throughout history?
 What is a hot air balloon made of and
how does it work?

● Hot air balloons are made of ripstop nylon, a lightweight,

fire-resistant fabric.

● The fabric is sewn into a large envelope that holds hot air.

● The envelope is attached to a wicker basket where passengers ride.

● A propane burner heats the air inside the balloon, making it less

dense than the surrounding air.

● This causes the balloon to rise.

● To descend, the pilot releases some of the hot air, making the

balloon denser and causing it to sink.

 Science behind a hot air balloon
● The hot air inside the balloon is less dense than the surrounding air.

● This creates a buoyant force that pushes the balloon upward.

● The more hot air the balloon contains, the greater the buoyant force and the higher the balloon can

rise.

What is Buoyant force?

● Buoyant force is the upward push that a fluid exerts on an object.

● The more fluid an object displaces, the greater the buoyant force.

● If the buoyant force is greater than the object's weight, the object will float.

● If the buoyant force is less than the object's weight, the object will sink.
 THE TEA BAG DEMONSTRATION
Materials: PROCEDURE:

● An empty teabag 1) First cut open the top of the teabag and empty all the tea
● A lighter or match inside into a plate
● Plate or dish
2) Place the tea bag on a flat surface so its standing like a
cylinder

Safety Tips: 3) Take a lighter and light to top of the teabag on fire.

● Always have an adult present

when performing this experiment.
● Be careful not to burn yourself Observation:
with the flame.
● Do not perform this experiment ■ We see that the tea bag appears to float in the air due to the
near flammable materials. difference in density between hot and cold air.
 HOW DOES THE TEA BAG EXPERIMENT
RELATE TO THE HOT AIR BALLOONS?

❏ The flying tea bag experiment and hot air balloons work on the same principle: hot air
rises.
❏ In both cases, the air inside the object is heated, making it less dense than the
surrounding air.
❏ This causes the object to rise.
❏ The rising air creates a buoyant force that pushes the object upward.
❏ This buoyant force is what allows the teabag and the hot air balloon to float in the air.
Kite
 DOES THE SHAPE OF A KITES WING AFFECT ITS SPEED?

AIM HYPOTHESIS:
If all kites are flown in identical wind conditions, the kite with an open
To test whether the shape of a kite’s
wing and slow drag design which will reduce resistance will have the
wing affects its speed.
highest speed, and the kite with a large wing and greater surface area
will have a slower speed.

PROCEDURE:
Materials:
● fly two kites at a time
■ different types of kites(with ● Measure the speed of each kite using a GPS tracker
different wing sizes) ● Or measure the speed my placing two markers at a known
distance(eg.100 meters)
■ GPS tracker or 2 markers and a ● Then measure the time it takes for each kite to cover the
stopwatch distance
● Find the speed using this formula
■ calculator Speed=Time/Distance
 Who invented the kite?
1.In ancient China, the kite was created more than 2,000 years ago.
Chinese philosophers Mozi and Lu Ban are often acknowledged with
creating the first kites.
3.Bamboo and wood were used to make the first kites.
4.Originally, these kites were not used for fun but rather for military
communication and signalling.
5.Over time, kite-making knowledge traveled from China to other
regions of Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
 uses of Kites through history
Uses Of Kites:
● Military: Kites were used in the military to guide two separated units to each other or for
combat by attaching lots of black powder and a fuse to the frame and flying it over enemy
lines.
● Science: in the 1800’s kites were used to help measure temperature and humidity in the air
and in 1792 where it was used to help better the understanding of lightning which paved way
to advancements in electricity.
● Celebration: kites are used in china to honor the dead and are used in India to celebrate
Makar sankranti a annual kite flying day.
● Sports: Large kites are used in water sports such as kite surfing and paragliding to make a
person fly over water.
 What are the basic principles of
aerodynamics?
The upward force The forward force
that keeps a kite in

LIFT
the air. It's created
by the shape of the
that propels a kite
forward. It's created THRUST
kite and the way the by the wind pushing
wind flows over it. against the kite.

The backward force The downward

that slows a kite

DRAG down. It's caused by

the friction between
force of gravity that
pulls a kite toward WEIGHT
the kite and the air. the ground.
 How do kites fly?
SHAPE PRINCIPLES

The key features of a typical kite are its The weight of the kites is balanced by
shape, its tail and the way the string is two forces. The force of the wind
attached. These elements of the kite underneath it and a less obvious force
ensure that it flies at the correct angle called the lift which is caused by the
to the wind. shape of the kite.
 How to make a kite?
● Cut the fabric into a diamond shape.

● Cut two thin sticks and attach them in a cross shape.

● Attach the sticks to the edges of the fabric.

● Reinforce the edges with tape or string.

● Attach the string to the bottom intersection point of the crossed sticks.

● Add a long ribbon or string as a tail to the bottom of the kite.

● Find an open area with good wind.

● Run with the kite until it catches the wind and lifts off.

● Gradually release the string as the kite rises.

● Adjust the angle of the kite to keep it flying steadily.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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