Chp 12 Questions

1. An element crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. The edge of the unit cell is 2.86 Å and the
density of the crystal is 7.92 g/cm3. What is the atomic weight of the element (g/mol)?

55.8

2. True or False?

I. NaCl has a unit cell in which the anions sit on the lattice points that lie on the corners and faces
of the unit cell. T
II. The molecules in molecular solids are held together by weak intermolecular interactions. T
III. In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded tetrahedrally to four other carbon atoms. T
IV. Ionic compounds are typically electrical insulators because the valence electrons in ionic
compounds are not delocalized. T
V. In diamond, the carbon atoms form covalently bonded layers that are held together by
intermolecular forces.

3. Consider the unit cells shown below for three different structures that are commonly observed for
metallic elements. State True or False.

I. A is a face-centered cubic unit cell and has the greatest packing efficiency among all the unit
cells shown above. T
II. B has a coordination number of 6. T
III. C contains more empty space than that of A and B.
IV. The total number of atoms in A is 4. T
V. In C, the atoms touch only along the cube diagonal. T

4. State True or False.

I. Intermetallic compounds have definite properties and their composition cannot be varied. T
II. Intermetallic compounds are compounds rather than mixtures. Because they are compounds,
they have definite properties and their composition cannot be varied. T
III. Substitutional alloys have "solute" atoms that replace solvent atoms in a lattice, but interstitial
alloys have solute atoms that are in between the solvent atoms in a lattice. T
IV. The atomic radii of the atoms in a substitutional alloy are similar to each other, but in an
interstitial alloy, the interstitial atoms are a lot smaller than the host lattice atoms. T
V. An alloy is a material that contains more than one compound and has the characteristic
properties of an ionic salt.
 4 12 4.04x10-8 cm 2.71 g/cm3 5. Aluminum (Al) metal crystallizes in a face-centered cubic
unit cell. Find the number of atoms in a unit cell; the
coordination number of each aluminum atom; the length of the unit cell edge; density of aluminum
atom.

Atomic radius of aluminum = 1.43 A°

6. State True or False.

I) In a semi-conductor, the valence band is filled with electrons and the conduction band is empty. These
two bands are separated by the energy band gap, Eg. Band gaps greater than ~3.5 eV are so large that
the material is an insulator. T

II) When a few phosphorus atoms (known as dopants) replace silicon atoms in a silicon crystal, the
doped material is called an p-type semiconductor.

III) Metals have high electrical conductivities because they are denser than other solids.

IV) Metals have large thermal conductivities because their electrons can easily transfer kinetic energy. T

7. State True or False.

I. There is a large gap between the filled and empty levels in the energy-level diagram for graphite which
means that electrons can not be transferred easily to the conduction bands, meaning that graphite is
not expected to be good electrical conductor.
II. The slipperiness of graphite can be explained by the strong bonding within the layers of carbon atoms
but little bonding between the layers, allowing the layers to slide past one another quite readily. T
III. The basic silicon oxygen compound is silica (SiO2), which in its most common crystalline form is called
glass.
IV. In insulators, the band gap is small so that the electrons are easily promoted to the conduction band
at ordinary temperatures, resulting in electrical conductivity.
V. n-type semiconductor is a substance whose conductivity is increased by doping it with atoms having
fewer valence electrons than the atoms of the host crystal.

8. State True or False.

I. When a few phosphorus atoms (known as dopants) replace silicon atoms in a silicon crystal, the
doped material is called a p-type semiconductor.
II. Diamond has sp2-hybridized sheets of carbon atoms. The sheets are held together only by dispersion
forces. Thus, the layers readily slide past one another when rubbed, giving diamond a greasy feel.
III. Colloids are molecular substances of high molecular weight formed by the polymerization of
monomers, molecules with low molecular weight.
IV. In semi-conductors, the energy gap between the valence band and conduction band is smaller than
that of insulators, allowing few electrons to be promoted into the conduction band at ordinary
temperatures. T
V. Non-bonding atomic solids, e.g. Argon or Xenon, are held together by dispersion forces and have
very high melting points.

9. State True or False.

I. The sodium chloride structure is based on a face-centered cubic lattice. T

II. The anions sit on the lattice points that lie on the corners and faces of the unit cell. T
III. The smaller sodium cations occupy the holes between the anions. T
IV. Each unit cell contains 4 chloride anions and 2 sodium cations.
V. The charge neutrality requires that each sodium cation be surrounded by an equal number of
chloride anions. T

10. When spheres of radius r are packed in a body-centered cubic arrangement, they occupy 68.0% of
the available volume. Use the fraction of occupied volume to calculate the value of a, the length of the
cube in terms of r.

a=2.31 r

11. Chromium crystallizes with a body-centered cubic unit cell. The radius of a chromium atom is 125
pm. Calculate the density of solid crystalline chromium in g/cm3.

7.17 g/cm3

12. X crystallizes with a simple cubic structure. It has a density of 9.3 g/cm3 and a radius of 167 pm.
What is the molar mass of the metal?

208.62 g/mol