1.

In case of insurance companies, no of claims, they have to pay,

correlation is a) + b)  c) 0
2.If there is a constant  in the series, then the obtained graph is a)
Convex b)Concave c) Parabola d) Straight line from left to right
3.In case of employed person “Age & Income” Correlation is a) + b) 
c) 0 d) None
4.Speed of an automobile & distance required to stop the car often
applying brake – correlation is a) + b)  c) 0 d) None
5.Sale of woollen garments & day temperature _____ correlation a) + b)
 c) 0 d) None
6.Sale of cooldrink & day temperature _____ correlation a) + b)  c) 0
d) None
7.Production & Price/unit _____ correlation a) + b)  c) 0 d)
None
8.Correlation coefficient is _____ origin & _____ scale a) ID b) DI c) II d)
DD
9.Covariance measure _____ a) V(x) b) V(y) c) Joint Variation
10.Covariance can be _____ a) + b) c) 0 d) + or or 0
11.Covariance always be _____ a) T b) F c) None
12.Restriction of covariance _____ a) Cov X.Y b) Cov X.Y c) Cov=
X.Y d) None
13.If r=1, all points in a diagram lie, a) On a straight line from lower left
to lower right, b) On a straight line, c) On a straight line from lower
left to upper right
14.If sum of product of deviation from X, Y from mean is 0, then
coefficient of correlation? a) 1 b) 1 c) 0 d) None

 
15.If x, y are independent, then Cov (x, y) =? a) x.y b) c) d) 0
 

16.N=10, X =5.5, Y =4, X2=385, Y2=192, (X+Y)2=947, r=? a) 0.6 b)

0.6 c) 0.8
17.Calculate r, for n = 10, ∑ 𝑥 = 55, ∑ 𝑦 = 40, ∑ 𝑥 = 385, ∑ 𝑦 =
192, ∑(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 947,

18.Calculate r, for n = 10, ∑ 𝑥 = 50, ∑ 𝑦 = 150, ∑(𝑥) = 290, ∑𝑦 =

300, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = −115,

19.Find n=? r = 0.5, XY=120, X2=90, 𝜎 =8, X, Y deviation taken from

A.M. a) 10 b) 11 c) 12

20.Given r = -0.8, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 60, 𝜎 = 2.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∑ 𝑦 = 90, where x and y

are deviations taken respective from AM, find the number of items?
A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 0
 21.Find correlation coefficient of x, y
X Y
No. of Items 15 15
A.M. 25 18
Sum of square of deviation from mean 136 138
Sum of product of deviation of X, Y from mean = 122, a) 0.89 b)
0.89 c) 0.69

22.Calculate r, for n = 10, ∑ 𝑥 = 100, ∑ 𝑦 = 150, ∑(𝑥 − 10) =

180, ∑(𝑦 − 15) = 215, ∑(𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 − 15) = 60, A) 0.365 B)
0.305 C) 0.25 D) none

23.A computer while calculating correlation coefficient between 2

variable x, y for 25 pairs, X=125, Y =100, X2=650, Y2=460,
XY=508. It is found that, instead of (8, 12) & (6, 8), wrongly taken
as (6, 14), (8, 6). Find r=? a) b) c) d) None
24.Find corelation coefficient
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
Y 10 15 18 20 18 15 10
a) 0.2 b) 1 c) 0 d) 0.4

25.If r (x, y) =0.73, x, u are related by 2x3u+1=0, y, v are related by

5y4v+6=0, find r (u, v) =? a) 0.73 b) 0.73 c) 0.37 d) 0.37

26.If the correlation coefficient b/w variables x and y are +, then the
coefficient of correlation b/w –x and –y is A) + B) - C) 0 D) none

27.If the correlation coefficient b/w variables x and y are 0.4, then the
coefficient of correlation b/w 2x and –y is A) + 0.4 B) -0.4 C) 0 D)
none

28.If the correlation coefficient b/w variables x and y are 0.8, then the
coefficient of correlation b/w –x and –y is A) + 0.8 B) – 0.8 C) 0 D)
none

29.If correlation between x, y is r, then correlation between (u, v)

 
where u= , v= , find r(u, v) =? a) r b) r c) r d) 0
30.If r =0.58, correlation co-efficient of u= -5x+3 and v = y+2 is A) 0.58
B) -0.58 C) 0.62

31.If r (x, y) =0.38, 3x+5u=3 ;8y7v=44 find r (u, v) =? a) 0.38 b)

0.38 c) 0.40

32.If r (x, y) = 0.60, u = 3x+5 v = 5y-7 find r (u, v) =? a) 0.60 b) 0.60

c) 0.6 D) -0.6

33.If the correlation coefficient between the variables X and Y is 0.5,

then the correlation coefficient between the variables 2x – 4 and 3–
2y is (a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) –0.5 (d) 0

 
34.If r(x, y) =0.6, u = ,v= , find r (u, v) =? a) 0.6 b) 0.6 c) 0.4 d)
0.4

35.Correlation coefficient between x, y= 1, then coefficient of

correlation between (x, x+y)=? a) 1 b) 1 c) 1 d) None

36.Correlation between (x, ax) =? if r (x, y) =1, a) 1 b) 1 c) 0 d)

None
Rank Correlation:
In real world certain things cannot be measured and expressed
numerically hence they are called qualitative measure or characteristic.
Example: Intelligence, taste, emotions, gender, nationality, honesty etc
are attributes.
∑
Formula: 𝜌 = 1 − 6 Where D = Difference in the ranks
( )
number of pairs given.
Properties of Rank Correlation:
1. 𝜌 value always is from -1 to 1.
2. If 𝜌 is equal to +1 Ranks of x & y are perfectly and positively correlated.
3. If 𝜌 = -1, ranks of x, y are negatively but perfectly correlated.
4. If 𝜌 = 0, there is no correlation between the ranks of x & y
5. For other values of rho the same degree of relation gives for ‘ r ‘
6. For other values of rho the following grading can be used

Rho value Degree (Measure )of

grade strength
0.9 to 0.99 Very high
0.75 to 0.9 High
0.6 to 0.75 Average
0.4 to 0.6 Moderate
0.1 to 0.4 Poor
0 to 0.1 Very poor

Note: Rank correlation is based on the ranks of variables and not on the
Magnitude of the variable.
1.Find the rank correlation coefficient
x 25 32 40 60 59 59 70 59
y 20 19 40 40 50 46 60 63

2.If the sum of square of deviations of ranks of 8 students is 50 then the

rank correlation coefficient is A) 0.40 B) 0.45 C) 0.5 D) none

3.If 𝑥 , 𝑥 , … 𝑥 are the ranks given to n – candidates based on above the

character A. The same candidate is given ranks 𝑦 , 𝑦 , … 𝑦 with
respect to another character B. The ranks are 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑛 + 1 the
rank correlation coefficient is =? A) 1 B) -1 C) 0 D) none
4.Candidates A, B, C, D, E attended an interview based upon the
performance two managers M1 & M2 ranked the candidates in the
following manner, find rank correlation A) 0.5 B) 0.4 C) 0.8 D)
none.
M1 E C B A D
M2 C B A E D

5.For 10 observations (pair) the sum of the differences in the rank are
75. Find the spearman rank correlation coefficient? A) -.01 B) .54C)
0.3 D) none’

6.The spearman rank correlation coefficient is – 0.4. The sum of the

squares of the rank 165. Find the value of n=? A) 10 B) 11 C) 12
D) none

7.If 𝜌 = 0.6, ∑ 𝑑 = 66, 𝑛 = ? A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) none

8.The rank correlation coefficient for 10 pairs of observation is 0.8, at
the time of checking the data it is found that the differences in the
rank for 1 pair is taken 3 instead 7. What would be the correct value
of rank correlation? A) 0.5 B) 0.257 C) 0.572 D) none

9.The rank correlation coefficient for 10 students is 0.5, at the time of

checking the data it is found that the differences in the rank for 1
pair is taken 7 instead 5. What would be the correct value of rank
correlation? A) 0.8 B) 0.9 C) 0.7 D) none

10.When each individual gets exactly opposite rank by 2 judges then the
rank correlation is? A) 1 B) 0 C) -1 D) none

11.In spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, sum of difference of ranks

b/w variables shall be A) 1 B) -1 C) 0 D) none.

12.If 2 judges asked to rank 3 candidates for their proficiency in job.

Judge A: 2, 1, 3 and Judge B: 3, 2, 1 then rank correlation coefficient is
A) 0.8 B) 0.5 C) -0.5 D) none.
 13.For the data, calculate coefficient of rank correlation is X: 1,2,3,4,5
and Y: 2,3,1,5,4 A) 0.93 B) 0.4 C)0.6 D) none

Correlation by concurrent deviation Method: -

It is the simplest, easiest, quickest method of inding correlation.
In this method the direction of change alone is considered and not the
magnitude of the variable.
Each observation in x is compared with its preceding value.
If it increases, then it is positive in value. If it decreases then it is negative in
value.
Note: The 1st observation has no preceding value. Hence it’s change cannot
be measured. Similarly each observation in y is compared and changes are
marked.
| |
In this method the correlation coef icient is given by 𝑟 = ±

Where c- number of pairs having concurrent signs or number of positive

signs in dxy column and m – number of pairs actually compared. And m = n-
1, where n is given no. of pairs.
| |
(i.e) 𝑟 = − 𝑖𝑓 2𝑐 − 𝑚 < 0

=0 if 2𝑐 − 𝑚 = 0
| |
=+ 𝑖𝑓 2𝑐 − 𝑚 > 0

Properties of Concurrent deviation:

1. The value of rc is always -1 to 1 (i.e) −1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1
2. The correlation coef icient is positive; negative is determined by using
2𝑐 − 𝑚 > 0.
3. If 2 consecutive values are same then change is marked as zero.
4. If c = n then rc =1, If c =0 then rc = -1, If c = - n then rc =0
Problems:
14.Find the correlation coefficient by concurrent deviation method
x 25 32 40 60 59 59 70
y 20 19 40 40 50 46 60

15.For 10 pairs of observations the number of concurrent signs is 4.

Find the coefficient of correlation A) 1/3 B) 0.2 C) -1/3 D)
none

16.In concurrent deviation the coefficient is positive only if A) 2𝑐 − 𝑚 >

0 B) 2𝑐 − 𝑚 < 0 C) 2𝑐 − 𝑚 = 0 D) none
17.In concurrent deviation method of the correlation is negative only if
A) 2c > m B) 2c < m C) c < m D) None

18.𝑟 = , c = 6 find the value of n=? A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11.

√
 19.If c = 4, number of pairs given = 11, rc =? A) Positive B) Negative C)
Non

Regression
Introduction: Returning or back tracking analysis.
 It is a study of estimation. It predicts the value of one variable if other
is given.
 It is stepping back towards an average.
 It is calculated by an average mathematical relationship between 2
variables.
 It is an absolute measure.
Sir Francis Galton used the word regression, while studying the
characteristic in 1877.
Example: He found that tall father had tall sons and short father had short
sons.
Further the average height of the sons of the tall father was less than that of
the tall father.
The average height of the sons of the tall father was less than that of all
fathers.
The average height of the sons of the short father was more than that of all
short fathers.
The tendency of the average heights of different sections of sons was move
towards the average height of all fathers.
This tendency is called regression. The line which average relationship
between 2 variables is known as the regression line and the corresponding
equation is called regression equation or estimating equation.
Applications: 1. In Economics Price, demand and supply are interrelated
Probable demand can be determined corresponding to any speci ied price
and supply
 2. In business Pro it, revenue and expenditure on
advertisement are interrelated. Probable amount can be predicted on the
basis of any speci ied pro it and expenditure on advertisement.
3. It is using in the determination of the demand curve, supply
curve, consumption function etc. from market survey.
4. It facilitates predictions of daily sales; annual pro its at regular interval
say 1 yearr, 1 month
Example: Sales in the textile shop are recorded in Rs cores for last 10 yr. can
be itted using the method of least of square and we calculate trend line.
1.For 9 observations explained and unexplained variations are 24, 36.
Find coefficient of determination and standard error of estimate of Y
on X? A) 0.4, 2 B) 0.3, 5 C) 0.8, 7.

2.Calculate Standard error of the estimate of Y from the regression of Y

on X for n=10, ∑ 𝑦 = 90, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 120, ∑ 𝑥 = 200, where x and y are
deviation taken from AM. A) 0.4555 B) 1.34 C) 1.8 D) none

144
3.Is the relation r2 = 1- ( ) possible, A) Possible B) not possible C)
100
cannot be said D) none

4.𝑏 =0.9, 𝑏 = -0.4 r=0.6 test the data is consistent, A) Consistent B)

inconsistent C) cannot be said D) none

5.The 2-regression coefficient are 1.12 and 0.9 test the consistent A)
Consistent B) in consistent C) none
6.70% of variation are not explained if one reg. Coefficient =10, find r=?

7.If bxy = 0.4, byx =1.6, find r=?

8.If r = - , bxy= - find byx=? A) 4 B) -4 C) 2 D) -2

9.If cov(x, y) = 0.6, 𝜎 = 2, 𝜎 = 1, bxy = ? A) 0.1 B) 0.3 C)0.6 D) 0

10.The correlation coefficient between x and y is − , bxy= - , find bxy=?

A) -2 B) -4 C) 0 D) 2

11.If y is dependent of x, regression coefficient y on x=? If r=0.2, 𝜎 =

2, 𝜎 = 4 A) 0.2 B) 0.4 C) 0.8 D) none

12.If 𝜎 = 4, 𝑏 = 0.48, 𝑟 = 0.6, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜎 =? A) 5 B) 7 C) 9 D) 6.5

 √
13.If byx, r and 𝜎 are ,− 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 respectively, Find variance of x? A) 2
B) C) 4 D) 2

14.Find regression coefficients 𝑏 , 𝑏 , if SD of X and Y are 4 and 3

respectively and correaltion coefficient b/w x and y is 0.8 A) A) 0.6,
0.2 B) 0.6, 0.3 C) 0.6, 1.07 D) none

15.____ of regression coefficients is greater than or equal correlation

coefficient a) A.M. b) G.M. c) H.M. d) None

16.The restriction on 2 regression coefficients is A) No restriction B)

both should be +ve C) their product should not exceed 1

17.Blood pressure X depends on age Y then A) X on Y line B) Y on X line

C) Cannot be said

18.The sales Y depends upon the advertisement X then A) X on Y line B)

Y on X line C) Cannot be said D) none

19.If 2 regression lines are identical then the value of r is A) +1 B) -1 C)

 1 D) none

20.If r=0 then 2 regression lines are A) Perpendicular B) parallel C)

coincide D) none

21.If 2 variables are uncorrelated then regression lines are _____ a)

Parallel b) Perpendicular c) Coincident d) Inclined at 45 
22.If r = + 1 or - 1 then the two regression lines __ a) Have 30  angle
between them b) Have 45  angle between them c) Coincide d)
Perpendicular to each other

23.If 2 regression lines are parallel then A) r=1 B) r2=1 C) r=-1 D) r=0

24.Correlation coefficient is ………………….. of origin and …………………………

of scale
A) Independent, Independent B) Dependent, Independent
C) Independent, Dependent D) Dependent, dependent

25.The regression coefficient is independent of the change of (a) Origin

(b) Scale (c) Scale and origin both (d) None of these

26.Out of the following which one affects the regression coefficient: a)

Change of origin b) Change in scale c) Change of origin & scale d)
none

27.If one of regression coefficient is ______ unity, the other must be _____
unity. a) Less than, greater than b) Greater than, less than c) (a) or (b)
d) None

28.Points lie on regression lines A) AM of x,y B) bxy, byx C) 0,0

29.If 𝑥̅ , 𝑦 are the A. M’s, x and y & 𝜎 𝜎 are the S. D’s, bxy, byx are of
regression coefficients of variables x & y respectively. The point of
Intersection of regression lines x on y & y on x is _____ a) 𝑥̅ , 𝑦B) 𝜎 𝜎
C) bxy, byx D) none

30.if bxy, byx =0 then r=? A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) none

31.The lines of regression lines are perpendicular to each other
A) bxy=byx B) bxy=- byx C) bxy byx =1 D) bxy≥ byx

32.___________ Regression coefficient is > r A) A B) G C) H

33.The lines of regression lines passes through____ no. of points on both

x, y A) ≠ B) = C) A or B D) none

34.The method of applied for deriving regression equations is known as

A) concurrent deviation B) product moment C) least square D) normal
equation

35.If correlation coefficient = 0.6, if x, y are multiplied by -1 then the

resultant correlation coefficient =? A) 0.6 B) -0.6 C) 1/(0.6) D) none

36.Correlation coefficient ______of 2 regression coefficient A) A B) G C) H

37.The two lines of regression intersect at the point: a) Mean b) Median
c) Mode d) None

38.If r(x,y) = 0.8, byx = 0.5, find r(u, v) and buv = ? if 𝑈 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 =
A) 0.7, 0.26 B) 0.8, 0.25 C) 0.9, 0.23 D) none
39.If b xy = 0.4 and b yx =9 If x and u are related by 2x+3u+10=0, and y, v
are related by 3y-4v+1=0 find buv and bvu =?

40.If u=2x+5 v = -3y-6 if b xy =1/4 and b yx = 1/9 find buv and bvu=?

41.If v(x+y) =28 and v(x)=10, v(y)=12, find cov (x, y) bxy, byx =?

42.v(x+y) =32 and v(x-y) =20 find Cov (x, y)=?

43.v(x+y) =28 and v(x-y)=12 v(x)=16 find the Cov (x, y), v(y)=?

44.If r (husbands, wives) = 0.8 in a community, the average age of H and

W are 25 and 22 years and their SD were 4 and 5 respectively, Find
the expected age of H when W age is 18 years, expected age of W
when H age is 32 years? A) 22.44, 29 B) 23.56, 25.6 C) 22, 25 D)
none
 45.If mean of X and Y variables is 20 and 40 respectively and the
regression coefficient Y on X is 1.608 then the regression line of Y on X
is: a) Y = 1.608 X + 7.84 b) Y = 1.56 X + 4.84 c) Y = 1.608 X + 4.84 d) Y
= 1.56 X + 7.84

46.For some bivariate data the following results were obtained for the
following 𝑥̅ , = 53.2 𝑦 = 27.9, byx = -1.5, bxy= -0.02 the most probable
value of y when x=60 is A) 15.6 B) 13.4 C) 19.7 D) 17.7

47.𝑥̅ =16 𝜎 = 4.8, 𝑦= 0.2 𝜎 = 9, r = 0.6 then regression coefficient of x on

y? a) 0.03 b) 0.3 c) 0.2 d) 0.05

48.Find regression lines x on y for n=10, ∑ 𝑥 = 30, ∑ 𝑦 = 90, ∑ 𝑥 =

110, ∑ 𝑦 = 858, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 294, Find estimated value of x, when y=8?
49.What is the coefficient of regression of X on Y from the following
information,𝜎 = 4, 𝑥̅ = 25, 𝑦 = 20, 𝑟 = 0.6 , Standard deviation of Y =
5? (a) 0.48 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.90 (d) 0.58

50.What is the coefficient of regression of X on Y from the following

information, 𝜎 = 8, 𝑥̅ = 30, 𝑦 = 36, 𝑟 = 0.7, Standard deviation of Y =
6, (a) 0.40 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.93 (d) 0.65

51.The two regression equations are 2x+3y+18=0 and x+2y-25=0, find

the value of y if x=9 A) -8 B) 8 C) -12 D) 0

52.If regression lines are 8x – 10y + 66 = 0 and 40x – 18y = 214 then A.M
between x & y is a) 17, 13 b) 13, 17 c) 12, 14 d) None

53.The regression lines X on Y, 6x-y=22, Y on X, 64x-45y=214, find the

mean of x, y =? A) 8,6 B) 6,6 C) 6,8 D) 8, 8

54.The mean of x, y are 3,1 find the equation of 2 regression lines

A)5x+7y-22=0, 6x+2y+20=0 B) 5x+7y-22=0, 6x+2y-20=0 C) 5x-7y-
22=0, 6x+2y+20=0 D) none
55.if 2 lines are x+y=1 and x-y=1, find AM of x, y =? A) 1,0 B) 0,1 C) 1,1 D)
none

56.The lines of regression of y on x and x on y are respectively y=x+5

and 16x=9y-94, find the variance of x if the variance of y=16. Also find
the co-variance of x and y?

57.The equations two lines of regression for x & y are 5x = 22 + y and 64x
= 24 + 45y, then the value of regression coefficient of y on x will be a)
5 b) C) C) 0

58.Two regression lines for a bivariate data are 2x-5y+6=0 and 5x-
√ √
4y+3=0. Then the coefficient correlation shall be a) B) C) 1 D)
0
59.If 8x-3y+7=0 and 14x-7y+6 =0 are two regression equations then the
correlation coefficient, r =? a) 0.86 b) -0.86 c) 0.45 d) -0.45

60.Find r=? For x+y=6, x+2y=10

61.If regression lines are 8x – 10y + 66 = 0 and 40x – 18y = 214 then
correlation coefficient between x & y is a) -1 b) 0.6 c) -0.6 d) 1

62.X+2y=5 and 2x+3y=8 are two regression lines then regression line y
on x is a) x + 2y -5 =0 b) 2x + 3y -8 =0 c) Any of these d) None of
these

63.If the two lines of regression are x +2y – 5 = 0 and 2x+3y –8=0, then
the regression line of y on x is (a) x +2y – 5 = 0 (b) x +2y = 0 (c) 2x +
3y – 8 = 0 (d) 2x + 3y = 0
64.If the two regression lines are 3X = Y and 8Y = 6X, then the value of
correlation coefficient is a) –0.5 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.75 (d) –0.80

65.If y = 18x+5 is the regression line of x on y then the value of bxy is

______ a) 18.5 b) 18 c) 5

66.For 100 students, the regression equation of marks in statistics (X) on

marks in Economics (Y) is 3Y-5X+180=0, the mean marks in Y is 50
and variance of X is of the variance of Y. Find the mean of X and
correlation coefficient b/w X &Y? A) 65, 0.8 B) 66, 0.9 C) 58, 0.3 D)
none
67.For 100 observations, regression equation Y on X and X on Y are 8x-
10y+66 = 0 and 40x-18y=214. Calculate AM of x and y, coefficient of
determination, SE of y on x, given that SD of X is 3? A) 13, 17, , 3.2 B)
17, 18, , 8.2 C) 18, 19, , 5.2

68.If 4x-5y+33=0, 20x-9y-107=0 are two regression lines, find 1) mean

of x, y 2) byx, bxy 3) r 4) 𝜎 =? 𝑖𝑓 𝜎 =9 5) y=? If x=3 6) x=? If y=2

69.Given x=4y+5, y=kx+4 are the lines of regression of x on y and y on x

respectively, find k? And correlation coefficient if k= ? A) , B) )
, C) ) , D) none
Problems:
1.Two divisions of probability are A) subjective B) objective C) A or B D) A and
B

2.Subjective probability is used in A) maths B) statistics C) management D)

accounts

3.Limitations of classical definition of probability A) applicable when total

number of events is finite B) applicable if events are ELE C) applicable if
events are IE D) A and B.

4.Statistical definition of probability, then probability of an event A is A) limiting

value of the ratio of the no. of times the event A occurs to the number of
times the experiment is repeated B) ratio of the frequency of the occurrences
of A to the total frequency

5.Which of the following is mutually exclusive A) students reads in a school and

studying English B) x born in India and he is a doctor C) y is good singer &15
years old D) z is under 15 and voter

6.If A = reading book B= playing game then A and B are A) MEE B) IE C) DE D)

EE

7.find which of the two event do not occur simultaneously A) MEE B) IE C) DE

D) EE

8.if P(A)=1 then A is A) sure B) impossible C) A or B D) A and B

9.if P(A)=0 then A is A) sure B) impossible C) A or B D) A and B

10.If P(A) = P(B) then A and B are A) same events B) MEE C) ELE D) IE

11.If P(A) = P(B) then A and B are A) same events B) different events C) ELE D)
IE

12.If P (A and B) =0 then A and B are A) same events B) MEE C) ELE D) IE

13.If P (A and B) ≠ P(A) P(B) then A and B are A) same events B) MEE C) ELE D)
DE E) MEE or DE

14.If P (A or B) =1, then A and B are A) same events B) MEE C) ELE D) EE

15.If P(A/B) = P(A) then A) A is IE of B B) B is IE of A C) complements are IE D)

all

16.If A and B are IE then A) MEE B) not MEE C) not IE D ) both B and C

17.If A and B are MEE then A) MEE B) not MEE C) IE D ) not IE

18.If P(B/A) is defined by A) A is sure event B) B is sure event C) A is not an

impossible event D) B is an impossible event

19.If P(A/B’) is defined by A) B is not a sure event B) B is sure event C) B is an

impossible event D) B is not an impossible event

20.If p: q are the odds in favour of an event, then the probability of that event is
A) B) C)

21.If P(A)= then odds against the event A is A) 5:9 B) 5:4 C) 4:5 D) none
22.A, B, C are bidding for a contract. It is believed that A has exactly half the
4
chance that B, in turn, is th as likely as C to win the contract. What is the
5
probability for each to win the contract? A) , , B) , , C) , , D)
, ,

23.3 horses A, B, C are in race. A is twice as likely to win as B and B is twice as

likely to win as C. what are the probabilities of winning respectively? A) ,
, B) , , C) , , D) , ,

24.A, B and C are MEE and EE, so that P(A)=2P(B)=3P(C), find P(B)=? A) B)
C) D)

25.If the probability of horse A winning a race is 1/6, a chance of horse B to win
is ¼, find the chance that one of the horses will win? A) 5/12 B)7/12 C) 1/12
D) none

26.If the probability of horse A winning a race is 1/6, a chance of horse B to win
is ¼, find the chance that both will win? A) 5/12 B)7/12 C) 1/12 D) none

27.If an average 9 ships out of 10 return safely to a port, the probability of one
of the ships return safely? A) 1/10 B)8/10 C) 9/10 D) none

28.If an average 9 ships out of 10 return safely to a port, the probability of one
of the ship does not return safely? A) 1/10 B)8/10 C) 9/10 D) none
29.In a family of 2 children has a girl, what is the probability that the other child
is also a girl? A) .50 B) .25 C) 1/3 D) 2/3

30.If two letters are taken at random from the word HOME find the chance that
none of the letters would be vowels? A) B) C) D) none.

31.5 horses in a race, Mr. A select two of horses at random and bets on them, the
probability that Mr. A selected the winning horse is A) B) C) D) none

32.The probability of winning game of a team is . What is the probability of

winning more than half of games? (P(X>2) =? reason being half of 3 is 1.5 is
chance is )A) B) C) D) none.

33.3 coins are tossed together, find the probability of i) no heads, ii) exactly 1
head, iii) exactly 2 heads, iv) at least 1 head, v) all heads. A) , , , , B)
, , , , C) , , , , D) none
34.Two coins are tossed together, find chance that the second coin would show
a tail given that the first coin has shown a head? A) 0.5 B) .25 C) .75 D) .125

35.The probability of getting at least 3 heads in 8 Tosses of an unbiased coin is

A) 197/256 B) 199/256 C) 219/256 D) 217/256

36.A bag contains 6 green and 5 red balls, one ball is drawn at random. The
probability of getting a red ball? A) 5/11 B) 6/11 C) 5/6 D) none

37.Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 5 white and 7 black balls at
random. What is the probability that they would be of different colour A)
B) C) D) .

38.A box contains 3 white, 5 red and 8 blue balls. 3 balls are taken at random,
find the probability i) all of them are white ii) exactly one white iii) at least 1
white iv) each ball is of different colour A) , , , ,
B) , , , , C) , , , , D) none
39.Bag contains 4 red and 5 black balls. Another bag contains 5 red, 3 black
balls. If one ball is drawn at random from each bag. Then the probability that
one red and one black ball drawn is A) 12/42 B) 25/72 C) 37/72 D)
13/72

40.A box contains 12 bulbs of 5 are defective, 3 bulbs are taken at random, find
the probability i) all are defective, ii) at least 2 defectives? A) , B) ,
C) , D) none

41.Find a chance of getting at least one defective item if 3 items are drawn
randomly from a lot containing 6 items of which 2 defective item? A) .30 B)
.20 C) .80 D).50

42.A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random
from the bag. Find the probability that none of them will be blue? A) B)
C) D) none
43.An urn contains 3 white, 5 black and another urn contain 4 white, 2 black.
One ball is drawn from each of the bag find the probability of getting both
white balls. A) B) C) D) none

44.A class consist of 80 students, 25 of them are girls and 55 boys. 10 of them
are rich and the remaining poor, 20 of them are fair complexioned, what is
the probability of selecting a fair complexioned rich girl? A) B) C)
D) none

45.A university has to select an examiner from a list of 50 persons, 20 of them

women and 30 men, 10 of them knowing Hindi and 40 not. 15 of them being
teachers and the remaining 35 not. What is the probability of the University
selecting a Hindi-knowing women teacher? (a) 0.024 (b) 0.420 (c) 0.240 (d)
0.42

46.A committee of 5 members is to be selected from 8 boys and 3 girls the

probability that in which 2 particular girls include A) B) C) D) none
47.If four couples are placed in a room, two are selected at Random the
probability that the two were a gentleman and lady but not a couple? A) B)
C) D) none

48.A team of 4 is to be selected from 6 boys and 5 girls, find the probability that
it includes Exactly 2 girls: A) B) C) D) none

49.A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing
a blue ball from the bag is twice that of drawing red ball. Find the no of blue
balls in the bag? A) 10 B) 12 C) 14 D) 16

50.A bag contains 5 red, 4 blue and M green balls if the probability of getting
both the balls Green, when two balls are selected at random is , find M? A) 5
B) 4 C) 9 D) 6
51.An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, 4 are blue and 2 green.
Three balls are drawn at random without replacement from the urn. The
probability that the 3 balls have different colour is? A) B) C) D)

52.A card is drawn out of standard pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that
it is a king or Red colour? A) B) C) D)

53.Find the probability of drawing spade on each of 2 consecutive draws from a

well shuffled Pack of cards when the draws are without replacement? A)
B) C) D) none

54.One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability it is a king
or queen=? A) B) C) D) none

55.From a pack of cards with joker then chance of getting spade king? A)
B) C) D) none
56.In a game, cards are thoroughly shuffled and distributed equally among four
players. What is the probability that a specific player gets all four kings? A)
× × ×
B) C)

57.The odds that a book will be reviewed favourably by 3 independent critics

are 5 to 2, 3 to 4, 4 to 3 respectively, then the probability that out of 3 critics
the majority will be favourable? A) B) C) D) none

58.The odds that a book on business statistics will be favourably reviewed by 3

independent critics are 2:3, 4:3 and 3:2 respectively. Find the probability of
3 review i) all will be favourable, ii) majority will be favourable, iii) exactly 1
of them favourable, iv) exactly 2 of them favourable, v) at least 1 of them
favourable? A) , , , , , B) , , , , ,
C) , , , , D) none
59.If odds in favour of A is 5:7 and odds against B is 9:6 of solving a problem
then probability that a problem can be solved is A) B) C) D) none

60.The odds against a solving a problem are 4 to 3. And the odds in favour of B
solving the same problem are 7 to 5. What is the probability that the
problem will be solved if they both try? A) B) C) D) none

61.If 7:6 are the odds favour for the person ‘A’ will alive 5 years hence and 5: 3
are the odds favour for the person ‘B’ will alive 5years hence, then the
probability for at least one will alive 5 years hence is A) 35/104 B) 21/26 C)
12/26 D) 43/52

62.A problem in statistics is given to 3 students A, B and C whose chances are

, , respectively. Find the probability i) problem to be solved; ii) only one
of them will solve? A) , , B) , , C) , , D) none
63.Three marks men can hit the target with probabilities , , respectively,
find the probability that there are exactly 2 of them hits, if they hit together?
A) B) C) D) none

64.Ram is known to hit a target in 2 out of 3 shots where as Shyam is known to

hit the same target in 5 out of 11 shots. What is the probability that the
target would be hit if they both try? A) B) C) D) .

65.The probability that a girl student gets scholarship is 0.6 and that of a boy is
0.8, then probability that at least one gets the scholarship is: A) 0.48 B) 0.92
C) 0.08 D) None

66.The probability that a cricket team winning a match at Kanpur is 2/5 and
losing match to Delhi 1/7. What is the probability team winning at least one
match? A) 3/35 B) 32/35 C) 1/35.
67.Arun & Tarun appear for an interview for 2 vacancies. The Probability of
Arun’s selection is1/3 and that of Tarun’s selection is 1/5. Find the
probability that only one of them will be selected A) B) C) D) 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒

68.The probability that new airport will get an award for its design is 0.16, the
probability that will get an award for the efficient use of material is 0.24 and
the probability that it will get both awards is 0.11, find the probability that
will get at least one of the two awards? A) .29 B) .34 C) .89 D) none
[use :P(A) −𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)+P(B) −𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)]

69.Addition theorem on probability is

A) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
B) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
C) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
D) none

70.Compound probability states

A) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
B) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
C) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
D) none

71.For any two events A and B,

A) P(A-B)=P(A)-P(B)
B) P(A-B)=P(A)- P(A∩B),
C)P(A-B)=P(B)- P(A∩B)
D) P(B-A)=P(B)+ P(A∩ B)

72.If A and B are MEE then

A) P(A-B) = P(A)
B) P(B)=P(A-B)
C)P(A)= P(A∩B)
D) P(B)= P(A∩B)
73.For any two events A and B,
A) P(A)+ P(B)>P(A∩B)
B) P(A)-P(B)<P(A∩B)
C) P(A)+P(B) ≤P(A∩B)
D) P(A)+P(B) ≥P(A∩B)

74.If P(A-B) = P(B-A), then two events satisfy

A) P(A)=P(B)
B) P(A)+P(B)=1
C) P(A∩B)=0
D) P(A  B)=1

75.For two events A, B which of the following is true?

a) P(A∩B)≤P(A),
b) P(A  B) ≤P(A)+P(B)
c) P(A) ≤P(A∪B)
d) All of the above

76.A and B are events of sample space, P(A)= , P(B) = and P(A∪B) = ,
find P(A∩ B), P(A-B), P(B-A), 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∪ 𝐵), P(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵)=?
A) , , , ,
B) , , , ,
C) , , , ,
D) none.

77.if P (A U B) = 0.8 and P (A͵Ո B) = 0.3 then P (𝐴̅) + P (𝐵 ) is equal to:

(a) 0.3
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.9
(d) 0.7
78.For two events A and B, given that P (A) =0.5, P(B) = and P (A∩B) = , find
P(A/B), P(A  B), P (𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) =?
A) , ,
B) , ,
C) , ,
D) none.

79.If A and B are independent, P (A) = 0.4, P (A∪B) = 0.7. Find P (B) =?
A) 0.5 B) 0.6 C) 0.3

80.If A and B are IE events, P (A) = 0.4, P (A∪B) = 0.8. Find P (A and B) =? A) 0.5
B) 0.6 C) 0.3

81.An investment consultant predicts that the odds against the price of a certain
stock going up is 2:1 and odds in favour of the price remaining the same are
1:3, what is the probability that the price of the stock will go down? A)
B) C) D) none

82.If 2 dice are rolled simultaneously then the probability that their sum is
neither 3 nor 6 is 0.5 B) 0.75 C) 0.25 D) 0.80

83.If a pair of dice is thrown what is the probability of occurring neither 7 nor
11? A) 1/6 B) 1/8 C) 2/9 D) 7/9
84.Two dice are tossed what is the probability that the total is divisible by 3 or
4? A) 20/36 B)21/36 C) 14/36 D) none

85.If P (A) = , P (B) = , P (A  B) = Find P (𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) =? A) B) C) D) none

86.Let A and B are two events in a sample space such that P (A) = , P (B) =8, P
(A∪B) = , Find P (𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵 ) =? A) B) C) D) D) none

87.If P (A) = , P (A/B) = , P (B/A) = , A and B are mutually exclusive A) No B)

Yes C) cannot be said D) none

88.If P (A) = , P (A/B) = , P (B/A)= , A and B are A) independent B) mutually

exclusive C) equally likely D) none
89.If P (A/B) = P (A) then A & B are A) Mutually exclusive B) dependent C)
independent D) composite

90.If A and B are independent, P (A) = 0.2, P (B) =0.3 P (A∪B) = 0.4. Find P (A/B)
=? A) 0.5 B) 0.6 C) 0.3

91.For two events A and B, given that P (A)=0.4, P(B) = p and P (A∪B) =0.6, find
p=? If A and B are independent A) 0.2 B) 0.3 C) 0.5 D) none

92.For two events A and B, given that P (A) =0.4, P (B) = p and P (A∪B) =0.6,
find p=? If A and B are Mutually exclusive A) 0.2 B) 0.3 C) 0.5 D) none

93.P (not A) = 0.4, P (A∪B) =0.7, and A and B are independent events, find P
(B)=? A) 0.5 B) 0.2 C) 0.25

94.P (not B) = 0.4, P (A∪B) =0.75, and A and B are independent events, find P
(A) =? A) 0.5 B) 0.2 C)

95.If P (A ∪B) = P (A) then P (A∩ B) =? A) P (A) P (B) B) P (A) +P (B) C) 0 D) P

(B)
96.If P (A) = .45, P (B) = .35 P (A and B) =.25 then P (A/B) =? A) 1.4 B) 1.8 C)
.714 D) .556

97.if P(A)=1/2 P(B)=1/3 P(A∪B)=2/3, then P(A∩B)= ? A) 1/4 B) 1/6 C) 2/3 D)

none

98.If P (A) =2/3 P (B) =3/8 P (A∩B) =1/4, then the events A and B are A) I.E and
M.E.E B) I.E but not M.E.E C) M.E.E but not I.E D) neither I.E nor exclusive.

99.If P(A)= P(B)= , P(A∩B)= , then P(A/B)= ? A) B) C) D) none

100.If P(A)= P(B)= , P(A∩B)= , then P(A/𝐵)= ? A) B) C) D) none

101.A and B are events 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑃(𝐴 ∩

𝐵 ) =? A) B) C) D) none.
102.Let A and B be the events, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴̅) = , then A
and B are A) equally likely and mututally exclusive B) equally likely but not
independent C) Independent but not equally likely D) mutually exclusive
and independent

103.If C and D are two events such that C D and P(D) ≠ 0 then the correct
( )
statement is A) P(C/D) < P(C) B) P(C/D) = C) P(C/D) = P(C) D)
( )
P(C/D) ≥ P(C)

104.One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered 00, 01, 02,... 49.
Then probability that the sum of the digits on selected ticket is 8, given that
the product of these digits is 0, equals A) B) C) D) [Hint: sum 8
=08,17, 26, 35, 44 product 0=00,01…08, 09, 10, 20, 30 ,40]

105.On rolling a die find P (>2/even no.)=? A) B) C) D) none

106.There are 7 cards with red card = 5, and king = 2, Find P(king/red)=? A)
B) C) D) none
107.In class 40% students read mathematics, 25% biology and 15% both
biology and math, one student is select at random, the probability he reads
math if it is known that he reads Biology? A) 2/5 B) 3/5 C) 4/5 D) none

108.In class 40% students read mathematics, 25% biology and 15% both
biology and math, one student is select at random, the probability he reads
Biology if it is known that he reads math? A) 2/5 B) 3/5 C) 4/5 D) none

109.For a city population, the probability of selecting i) male or smoker is , ii)

male smoker is , and iii) male, if a smoker is already selected is , find the
probability of selecting I) non smoker II) male III) a smoker, if a male is first
selected. A) , , , B) , , , C) , , , D) none
110.A bag contains 4 red, 7 green balls another bag contain 8 red and 4 green
balls, Bag is selected at random and single draw of two balls is made, find the
probability that one of them would be red and other green ball? A) B)
C) D) none

111.During a survey of road safety, it is found that 60% of accidents occur at

night, 52% are alcohol related and 37% are alcohol-related as well as at
night. Find the probability that an accident i) was alcohol related given that
it occurred at night? ii) did not occur at night given that it was alcohol
related? A) , B) , C) , D) none

112.If two dice are thrown together then the probability of getting multiple of 3
on one die and multiple of 2 on other die is A) B) C) D) none

113.If there are 3 white, 2 black balls in Urn I, & 4 white, 6 black balls in Urn II if
one ball is taken from Urn I & transferred to Urn II & a ball is taken from Urn
II then probability that the ball drawn from urn II is white is A) B) C)
D) none
114.Box contains 5 white and 7 black balls, two successive drawn of 3 balls are
made i) with replacement ii) without replacement, the probability that I
draw would produce white balls and second draw would produce black balls
A) 6/321, 3/926 B) 1/20, 1/30 C) 35/144, 35/108 D) none

115.A bag contains 4 white, 2 black and 3 yellow, 3 red balls find the probability
of getting White or red ball in a single draw A) B) C) D) none

116.An urn contains 2 red and 1 green balls; another urn contains 2 red and 2
green balls. An urn was selected at random and then a ball was drawn from
it. If it was found to be red then the probability that it has been drawn from
first urn is A) 4/7 B) 3/7 C) 2/3 D) 7/12.

117.3 boxes with following composition, Box-I 5 red, 7 white, 6 blue balls, Box-II
4 red, 8 white, 6 blue balls, Box-III 3 red, 4 white, 2 blue balls, if one ball is
 drawn at random, find a chance that would be of same colour? A) 89/729 B)
97/729 C) 82/729 D) 23/729.

118.3 urns contain respectively white, black and red balls. I-1, 2 and 3, II- 2, 1
and 1, III- 4, 5,3. One urn is chosen at random and two balls(one white, one
black) are drawn, find the probability that it comes from i) urn I ii) urn II. A)
0.279, 0.466 B) 0.722, 0.664 C) .466, 0.568 D) none

119.Two urns, I urn contains 3 red and 5 black balls II urn contains 4 red and 6
black balls, a ball is taken at random from the first urn and transferred to
second urn, now another ball is taken from the second urn, find the
probability that the second ball would be red? A) 7/20 B) 35/88 C) 17/22 D)
3/20

120.or a group of students 30%, 40% and 50% failed in physics, chemistry and
at least one of the two subjects respectively. If an examine is selected at
random, find the probability that he passed physics if it is known that failed
in chemistry? A) ½ B) 1/3 C) ¼ D) 1/6
121.8 identical balls are placed at random in 3 bags, find the chance that first
bag will contain 3 balls? A) .2732 B) .3256 C) .1924 D) .3443

122.X and Y stand in a line with 6 people other people, what is the chance that
there are 3 persons between them? A) 1/5 B) 1/6 C) 1/7 D) 1/3

123.A speaks truth 4 out of 5 times. A die is tossed; he reports that there is a 6,
find the chance that actually there were six? A) , B) C) , D) none
124.A company produces scooters in 2 plants (P) I and II, P-I = 70% of scooters
and P-II= 30% of scooters, standard scooters produced by P-I=80% and P-II
=90%, A scooter is taken is of standard quality, find the chance it is from P-
II? A) 0.325 B) 0.235 C) 0.532 D) none

125.An insurance company insured 2,000 scooters drivers, 4000 car drivers
and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of accidents is 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15
respectively. One of the insured person met with an accident, find the chance
that he is scooter driver? A) , B) C) , D) none
 126.A random variable x = -1, 0, 1, 2 whose respective probabilities are , , , .
Compute i) E(x) ii) E(x+2), iii) E(4x), iv) var(x), v) var(x+4), vi) var(2x)
A) , , 2, , , B) , , 2, , , c) , , 2, , , , D) none.

127.Find the expected value of the following probability distribution

X: -20 -10 30 75 8
P(x=x): , A) 20.5 B) 22.5 C) 21.5 D) 24.5

128.If X: -2 3 1
P(X): 1/3 ½ 1/6 ind E(2x+5)=? And E(X2)=? A) 7,6 B) 8, 9 C) 1,4
D) none
129.If X: -3 -2 -1 0 1
P(X): k 2k 5k 3k k ind P(X≤1)=? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) none

130.If E(x) = 10, var (x) = 25, find the positives of a and b such that E (ax-b) =
0and var (ax + b) = 1. A) , 2 B) ) , 5 C) , 9 D) none

131.The probability of winning of a person is 6/11 and the result he gets Rs

77/- find the expectation of person? A) Rs 35/- B) Rs 42/- C) Rs 58/- D)
none

132.A food item costs Rs 3 and it sell for Rs 4 on the same day. Unsold items are
a loss. It is estimated that its demand can be either 5 or 6 or 7 with
probabilities 0.2, 0.7, 0.1 respectively. If a firm stores 6 items, find the
expected profit? A) 5.20 B) 5.60 C) 6 D) none
133.A box contains 12 bulbs of which 3 are defective, 3 bulbs are taken at
random, find the average of defective? A) 0.75 B) 0.5 C) 0.25 D) none

134.If the probability of certain stock will remain the same is 0.46, probability
that stock will increase by Rs 0.50 or 1.00 per share are respectively 0.17
and 0.23, and probability that its value will decrease by Rs 0.25 per share is
0.14, what is the expected gain per share? A) 28 paise B) 56 Paise C) 89
paise D) none

135.If a coin is tossed twice, we get, Rs 5 if two heads appear, Rs 2 if one head
appear, Rs 1 if no head appear. Then the expected income? A) 3.5 B) 2.5
C) 4 .5 D) 5.5.

136.A player tosses 3 coins. He wins Rs. 5 if 3 heads appear, Rs. 3 if two heads
appear Rs. 1 if one head appears and a loss of Rs. 15 if no head appear. Find
his expected gain in Rs. A) 0.5 B) 0.25 C) 0.2 D) None
 137.Two unbiased dies are thrown then the excepted value of sum on the sides
of the die A) 3.5 B) 7 C) 6 D) 12

138.Find the sum of 2 dice (x ≥ 7) when 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, A)

B) C) D) none

139.The sum of 2 no’s obtained in a single throw of 2 dice is S, then the

probability of S will be maximum when s=? A) 5 B) 7 C)6 D) 8

140.Find the mathematical expectation on rolling a die? A) 3 B) 1 C) 6 D) 3.5

141.find the mathematical expectation on rolling a 2 dice? A) 7 B) 256 C) 50 D)

0
142.Cumulative distribution function of RV is given by A) F(x) = P(X≤x) B) F(X)
= P(X≤x) C) F(x) = P(X≥x) D) F(x) = P(X=x)

143.A coin is tossed until heads appears, what is the expectation of no. of heads
of tosses required? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D)5

144.Unbiased coin tossed 3 times, find the expected value of number of heads?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 1.5 D) none
145.Match list I (equality/Inequality) with list II (inference) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (equality/Inequality) List II (inference)
A) P (A) + P (B) =1 1. A and B are M.E.E
B) P (A) + P (B) =0 2. A and B are Exhaustive event.
C) P (A) + P (B)  0 3. A and B are Sure events
D) P (A).P (B) =1 4. A and B impossible events.
5. A and B are not equally likely
event.
Codes: A B C D
i) 2 1 4 3
ii) 3 1 5 2
iii) 2 4 1 3
iv) 1 3 2 5

146.A random number variable x has the probability distribution

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) .15 .23 .12 .10 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.05

147.For the events E= (X is a prime number} and F = (X<4},

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) 0.15 0.23 0.12 0.10 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.05
the probability P(E∪F) =? A) .87 B) .77 C) .35 D) .50

148.Find the expected value of the following A) 20.5 B) 21.5 C) 22.5 D) 24.5.

X - 20 -10 30 75 80
P(X) 3/20 1/5 ½ 1/10 /20
149.X: 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, P(X=x) 0.15, 0.20, k, 0.15, 0.10. Then the SD of X is A) 3.04
B) 3.04 C) 6.18 D) 1.67

150.If it rains, a taxi driver can earn Rs 100 per day. If it is fair, he can lose Rs 10
per day. If the probability of rain is 0.4. What is the expectation of earing? A)
23 B) 34 C) 35 D) none

151.The probability is 0.99 that a 30-year-old man will survive one year more.
Insurance company officers to sell such a man a Rs 10, 000 one-year term
life insurance policy at a premium of Rs 110. What is the insurance
company’s expected gain? A) 14 B) 12 C) 10 D) none.

152.There are 1000 tickets in a lottery. The purchase price of the ticket is Rs 2
per ticket. Out of these 1000 tickets only two tickets bear the price of Rs 500
each. A person purchased 2 tickets, find his expected Amount? A) 7 B) 2
C)-2 D) none
 153.An urn contains 4 white and 2 black balls. A person selects 3 balls at
random and he receives Rs 10 for each black ball and he has to pay Rs 7 for
each white ball. What is the expected amount gained by the person? A) 4 B) -
4 C) 5 D) -5

154.A bag contains 6 white and 4 red balls, if a person draws 2 balls and receive
Rs 10 and Rs 20 for a white and red balls respectively, then his expected
amount is A) 170 B) 176 C) 178 D)180

155.A packet of 10 electric components is known to include 3 defectives, if 4

components are selected from the pocket at random what is the expected
value of the number of defective? A) 1.2 B) 1.21 C) 1.69 D) 1.72
156.The probability that there is at least 1 error in an account statement
prepared by 3 students A, B and C are 0.2, 0.3 and 0.1 in the respective 60,
70 and 90 of such statement. Find an expected number of correct
statements? A) 170 B) 176 C) 178 D) 180

157.A random variable X takes three values -1,2,3, with the respective
probabilities P (-1)= 1/3,P (2)=1/3, P(3)=1/3, then is A) 3/2 B) -5/2 C) 2 D)
9/2

158.Let the distribution function of a random variable X be F(x) = P(X <x) then
F(5)-F(2), a) P(2 <x<5) b) P(2<x <5) c) P(2 <x <5) d) P(2<x<5)

159.The probability density function of a continuous random variable is defined

as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1. The value of c is a) 1 b) – 1 c) d) 0.

160.A continuous random variable has a probability density function (𝑥) = −

𝑎𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4. The value of a is a) 1/8 b) 7/8 c) 3/16 d) none
161.A continuous random variable has a probability density function (𝑥) =
𝐾(𝑥 − 1), 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. The value of k is a) -1 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0

162.f (x) = then mean is A) B) C) D) none

1.Theoretical distribution A) exist in real life B) only in theory C) A and
B D) none
2.Probability distribution may be A) discrete B) continuous C) infinite
D) A or B
3.An important discrete probability distribution is A) BD B) PD C)ND D)
none
4.An important continuous probability distribution is A) BD B) PD C)ND
D) none
5.Parameter is a characteristic of a) population b) sample c) probability
distribution d) a) & b)
6.Example of parameter A) sample mean B) Population mean C) BD D)
n
7.Binomial Distribution is …………………..A) continuous B) cannot be
said C) discrete
8.An example of bi-parametric discrete distribution A) BD B) PD C)ND
D) none
9.Results of ODI matches b/w India and Pakistan A) BD B) PD C)ND D)
none
10.Trail is an attempt to A) make something possible B) make
something impossible C) prosecute an offender in a court of law D)
produce an outcome which is neither certain nor impossible
11.The important characteristic of BD A) each trail is associated with
two outcomes B) trails are independent C) trails are infinite D) A and
B
12.The probability mass function of BD is A) 𝑛𝐶 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑞 B) 𝑛𝐶 ∙ 𝑞 ∙
𝑝 C) 𝑝 ∙ 𝑞 D) none
13.If X is a BD with parameter n and p then x can assume A) any value
b/w 0 to n B) any value b/w 0 to n both inclusive C) any whole
number b/w 0 to n, both inclusive D) any value b/w 0 to ∞.
14.If x is a binomial variate it can take value A)   to  B) Natural No’s C)
Real No’s D) whole number with finite terms
15.In a binomial distribution with parameters n & p, X assumes values
between a) 0 & n b) 0 & n both inclusive c) between 0, 1 d) between
0, ∞.
16.𝑥̅ , 𝜎 of binomial distribution is depend on A) p & q B) n C) p D)
B&C both
17.The 𝑥̅ , 𝜎 of binomial distributions are A) np, npq B) none C)
both
18.Binomial distribution is A) Uni – modal B) Bi – modal C) a or b
n n
19.The variance of Binomial distribution is A)  B)  C) <4n D)
4 4
none
20.SD of BD is A) np B) npq C) 𝑛𝑝𝑞 D) none
21.Variance of BD A) 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝) B) n(1-q)q C) 𝑛𝑝𝑞 D) none
22.For Binomial Distribution a) Variance < Mean b) Variance > Mean c)
Variance = Mean.
23.If mean > variance, the distribution is A) BD B) PD C) ND D) none
24.For BD mean and mode A) never equal B) equal at q=0.5 C) always
equal D) do not exist
25.In Binomial distribution 𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 are equal A) True B) p = 0.5 C)
false D)𝑞 =
26.The method usually applied for fitting a binomial distribution is
known as a) method of probability distribution b) method of
deviations c) method of moments d) method of least squares.

27.What is SD of number of recoveries among 48 patients when the

probability of recovering is 0.75? A) 36 B) 81 C) 9 D) 3

28.If x is BV, with n=16,what is the mean of x if X is symmetric? A) 5 B)

10 C) 2 D) 8

29.If X~B(n, p), what is the greatest value of variance of X if n=16? A) 2

B) 4 C) 8 D) √5

30.The max.variance of Binomial distribution = 3.5 find the Binomial

distribution? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) none.

31.In Binomial Distribution, μ = 4 and 𝜎 = 3 then mode =? A) 4 b) 4.25

c) 4.5 d) 4.1
32.Parameters of BD are 15, mode=? A) 5 B) 5,4 C) 5.5 D) 6

33.In BD if σ2 = mean2, then n,p are A) 1, B) 1, 1 C) 1, D) none

34.In BD, X~B(n, p) and Y= n-x, follows A) B(n,1) B) B(n,X) C) B(n,p)

D) B(n,q)

35.An experiment succeeds twice as of as it fails, find p=? A) B) C)

D) none

36.An experiment succeeds twice as of as it fails. 5 experiments are

conducted, find the probability that 3 of them succeeds? A) 0.3292
B) .2929 C) .9292 D) none

37.An experiment succeeds thrice as often it fails. If the experiment is

repeated for 5 times. What the probability of none is succeeded?
A) B) C) D) none

38.In a binomial distribution mean is K times the variance then what is

the value of K =? A) p B) C) D) 0
39.For a binomial distribution𝐵(6, 𝑝), 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 9 𝑃(𝑋 = 4), then p is
A) B) C) D) none.

40.For a binomial distribution, n=6, p= ,𝐾 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2), then

k=? is A) 4 B) 5 C)6 D) none.

41.In BD mean=3, 𝑆𝐷=1, find q=? A) A) B) C) D) 12

42.In BD mean=3, 𝑆𝐷=1.5, find n=? A) A) 2 B)4 C) 8 D) 12

43.In BD mean=6, 𝜎 =3, find p=? A) A) B) C) D) none

44.Mean of a binomial distribution is 6 and variance is 2. Find P? a) B

) c) 1 d) none
45.Mean & variance of a BD are 2 and respectively. Find P(x≥1)=? A)
B) C) 1 D) 0

46.If x ~ B (5, p) and p (x = 2) = 0.4362 and p (x = 3) = 0.2181 then p = ?

a) ¾ b) 1/3 c) 2/3 d) ¼

47.If x ~ B (6, p) and p (x = 3) = 0.2457 and p (x = 4) = 0.0819 then p = ?

a) ¾ b) 4/13 c) 2/3 d) ¼

48.The binomial distribution with mean 3 and variance 2 is=?

A) + B) + C) +

49.The mean of binomial distribution is 20 and S.D = 4 then a) n = 100,

p = 1/5, q = 4/5, b) n = 50, p = 2/5, q = 2/5 c) n = 100, p = 3/5, q =
4/5, d) n = 100, p = 3/5, q = 1/5.

50.In B.D. n=9, p = . What is value of 𝜎 = ? a) 8 b) 4 c) 2 d) 6

51.In BD E(X) =2, var(x)= , find n=? A) 7 B) 6 C)8 D)9
52.The parameters of Binomial distribution are (10, 0.6). Find 𝑥̅ , 𝜎, 𝜎 ,
C.V, (+ or -) skewed, Mode, p(0), 𝑝(𝑥 ≥ 1) =? A) 6, 1.54, 2.4, 25.66, -
skewed , 6.6, (0.4)10, 1-(0.4)10 B) 6, 1.54, 2.4, 25.66, + skewed, 6.6,
(0.4)10, 1-(0.4)10 C) 6, 1.8, 2.4, 25.66, symmetric, 6.6, (0.4)10, 1-(0.4)10
D) none.

53.The Binomial distribution is of (0.8 + 0.2) , Find the parameter,

𝑥̅ , 𝜎, 𝜎 , C.V,test of skewness, p(x=0), p(non-zero success)=?A) 16,
0.2, 3.2, 1.6, 2.56, 50%, +, (0.8)16, 1-(0.8) 16 B) 16, 0.2, 3.2, 1.6, 2.56,
50%, +, (0.8)16, 1-(0.8) 15 C) 16, 0.2, 3.2, 1.6, 2.56, 50%, -, (0.8)16, 1-
(0.8) 16 D)none

54.The parameter of Binomial distribution is (16, ),find C.V,

Max.variance, Mode? A) 27, 4, 8 B) 27, 3, 8 C) 25, 4, 8 D) none.

55.If overall pass percentage of success in an exam is 60, find the chance
that out of a group of 4 students at least 1 pass? A) 0.6535 B) 0.9744
C) .8704 D) 0.0256
56.If overall pass percentage of success in an exam is 40, find the chance
that out of a group of 6 students at least 4 to pass? A) 0.655 B) 0.54
C) .870 D) 0.026

57.What is the probability of making 3 correct guesses in 5 true or false

answer type questions? A) 0.3125 B) 0.158 C) 0.15 D) 0.144

58.Find the probability of getting 3 heads if 6 unbiased coin is tossed

simultaneously? A) 0.5 B) 0.25 C) 0.3125 D) 0.6875

59.It is known that the chance of missile hitting target is 1/8, find a
chance out of 10 missiles fired at least 2 will hit a target? A) .42 B)
.39 C) .52 D) .36

60.If X is binomial variable so that 2 P(X=2) = P(X=3) and mean of X is

known to be 10/3 find a chance that X assume at most that value 2?
A) 16/81 B) 17/81 C) 47/243 D) none
61.Assuming one-third of the population are tea drinkers and each of
1000 enumerators takes a sample of 8 individuals to find out
whether they are tea drinkers or not, find how many enumerators
are expected to report that five or more people are tea drinkers? A)
100 B) 95 C) 88 D) 90

62.Out of 128 families with 4 children each, how many are expected to
have at least one boy and one girl? A) 100 B) 105 C) 108 D) 112

63.80% of T.V. viewers like “Grand Masters”. A sample of 5 viewers is

taken at random. What is the probability the above viewers like a
same programme? A) 5C4 (0.8)4(0.2) B) 6C4 (0.8)4(0.2) C) 7C4
(0.8)4(0.2) D) none
64.Out of 10 independent rolling of a biased die, the chance that an even
number will appear 5 times is twice the chance that an even number
will appear 4 times. Find the chance that even number will appear
twice when die is rolled 8 times? A) 0.0304 B0 0.121 C) 0.23 D) 0.19

65.In B.D, p= and n=400, find mean, variance, moment coefficient of

skewness and kurtosis? A) 40, 36, , B) 40, 36, , C) 40, 36,
, D) none

66.The probability that a student is not a swimmer is 1/5, then the

probability that out of five students four are swimmer is (a) (b)

5C1 (c) 5C4 (d) None

Poisson distribution: (P.D)
It is discrete probability distribution like binomial
(i.e) Random variables x takes the values 0, 1…n...∞.
It was discovered by a French Mathematician Simen Denis
Poisson in 1837
It is limiting case of Binomial Distribution
As n is very large 𝑛 → ∞ , p is very small p→ 0 and np is inite
quantity
Examples of Poisson distribution:
 The number of cars passing through a certain street in a time “t”
 The number of deaths in a city in one year by rare diseases.
 The number of defective screws per box of 100 screws.
 The number of suicides or death by any diseases in time t.
 The number of printing mistake in each page of the Ist proof of a book.
 The emission of radioactive particles.
 The number of air accidents in India in one year.
 The number of telephone call received at a particular telephone
exchange
 The number of defects or scratches on a sheet of glass or a piece of
furniture.
De inition:
The probability distribution of a random variable (RV) is said to be
have a Poisson distribution if it takes only one non – negative values & its
distribution is given by
𝑒 𝑚
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0, 1, 2, …
𝑥!
Where m = mean, n= number of trials, x= required number of
success,
e = 2.7142 (transcendental number)

For theoretical frequency N. , Where N – Number of trails

!

Assumption on Poisson distribution:

 The occurrence or non-occurrence of an event does not
influence the same.
  The probability of success for a short time interval or a small
space is proportional to the length of the time interval or space
as the case may be
 The probability of the happening of more than one event in a
very small interval is negligible.
Properties of Poisson distribution:
 Mean = 𝜇 =np=m
 Variance = np=𝜎

 Standard Deviation = 𝜎 = 𝑛𝑝

 In Poisson distribution Mean = Variance 𝑥̅ = 𝜎

 First moment about mean 𝜇 = 0
 Second moment about mean 𝜇 = 𝑚
 Third moment about mean 𝜇 = 𝑚
 Fourth moment about mean 𝜇 = 𝑚 + 3𝑚

 Moment coef icient of skewness 𝛽 = and 𝛾 =

√

 Moment coef icient of kurtosis 𝛽 = 3 + and 𝛾 =

 Parameter is Mean or Expectation or average.

 Happening of one event does not affect the happening of the other
words. ( Statistical Independence)

 In Poisson Distribution Probability (‘0’ success) i.e. 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) = ,

!

 Probability (non – zero success or at least one success) is given by

𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 1) = 1 − 𝑒

 Coefficient of variation of Poisson distribution =

√

 Poisson distribution is always positively skewed.

 Mode is same as BD.
RECURSIVE RELATION:-
 In Poisson distribution, the probability of 2 consecutive success are
equal, the higher value of x is Mean.
If p(2) = p(3), then m = 3
p (10) = p(11), then m = 11
p (9) = p(8), then m = 9
p (n-1) = p(n-2), then m = n-1
p (n+1) = p(n-1), cannot be said  There is a gap in
continuation
Problems:
1.Which one is not a condition of Poisson model A) the probability of
having success in a small time is constant B) the probability of having
> 1 success in a small time is very small C) the probability of having
success in a small time is independent of time and also earlier
success D) the probability of having success in a small time (t, t+dt) is
kt for positive constant k.
2.In ......... distribution, mean = variance. A) BD B) PD C)ND D) none
3.Which one is uniparametric distribution A) BD B) PD C)ND D) none
4.For PD A) mean= variance B) mean ≠ variance C) SD= mean D) B or C
5.Poisson distribution A) unimodal B) bimodal C) multi modal D) A or B
6.A binomial distribution with parameters n and p can be approximated
by PD with parameter m = np is A) 𝑛 → ∞ B) 𝑝 → 0 C) both A and B
D) 𝑛 → ∞, 𝑝 → 0 and np is finite
7.For Poisson fitting to an observed frequency distribution we equate
possion parameter to the A) mean B) median C) mode D) none
8.Number of misprints per page follows A) BD B) PD C)ND D) none
9.Poisson distribution with ----- Occurs of events A) rare B) often C)
both
10.Poisson distribution is ----distribution A) Discrete B) Continuous C)
Discontinuous D) none
11.Poisson distribution ------skewed. A) Negatively B) positively C)
arbitrarily D) none
12.If parameters of a binomial distribution are n and p then this
distribution tends to a Poisson distribution when A) 𝑛 → ∞, 𝑝 → 0 ,
np finite B)𝑛 → ∞, 𝑝 → 0 C) 𝑛 → ∞, 𝑝 → 1 D) none
13.In Poisson Distribution probability of success is very close to A) 1 B)
-1 C) 0 D) none
14.If X is Poisson variate with P(x=0) = P(x=1) then P(x=2) =? A) 1/6e
B) e/6 C) 1/2e D) 0
15.In a Poisson distribution 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2). find mean? A) 1 B)
1.5 C) 2.5 D) 2

16.In a Poisson distribution 𝑃(𝑋 = 8) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 7). find mean? A) 1 B) 8

C) 2.5 D) 2

17.In a Poisson distribution 𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 5). find parameter? A) 4

B) 5 C) 2.5 D) 2

18.For a Poisson distribution,𝑃(𝑋 = 3) = 5 𝑃(𝑋 = 5), SD= ? A) 4 B) 2

C) 16 D) √2

19.If x is a Poisson variate and E (x) = 1 then P(x>1) is A) 1 − B) 1-2e-

1C) 1-e-1 D) none

20.For a Poisson variate the variance is 3 then the S.D is? a) =3 b) =√3 c)
9 d) none
21.If a random variable x follows Poisson distribution such that E(x 2) =
30, then the variance of the distribution is a) 7 b) 5 c) 30 d) 20
22.If SD of Poisson variable X is 2, find P(1.5<X<2.9)=? A) 0.231 B) 0.158
C) 0.15 D) 0.144

23.If the mean of PD is 2 find P (X=takes values at least 1) =? A) 0.456 b)

0.821 C)0.632 D) 0.254

24.If X~P(m) and CV is 50, find the probability that X would assume only
non-zero value? A) 0.018 B) 0.982 C) 0.989 D) 0.976

25.If 1.5% of items produced by a manufacturing unit are known to be

defective, find the probability that a sample of 200 items would
contain no defective? A) 0.05 B) 0.15 C) 0.20 D) 0.22

26.If 1% of airline flights suffer with minor equipment failure in an

aircraft find the chance that there will be exactly 2 failure in next 100
flights? A) 0.5 B) 0.184 C) 0.265 D) 0.256
27.The number of calls arriving at an interval switch board of an office is
96 per hour. Find the probability that there will be 1) not > than 3
calls on the board 2) at least 3 calls in a minute Given e-1.6 = 0.2019
A) 0.08 and 0.92 B) 0.19 and 0.92 C) 0.92 and 0.13 D) 0.92 and 0.08.

28.A manufacturer who produces medicine bottles finds that 0.1% of the
bottles are defective. The bottle is packed in boxes containing 500
bottles. A drug manufacturer buys 100 boxes from the producer of
bottles. Using Poisson distribution find how many boxes will contains
at least two defectives? (e-0.5= 0.6065) A) 7 B) 13 C) 9 D)11.

29.If 5% of families in Kolkata do not use gas as a fuel what will be the
probability of selecting 10 families in a random sample of 100
families who do not use gas fuel? (e-5= 0.0067) A) 0.038 B) 0.028 C)
0.048 D) 0.018

30.A book has 125 misprints distributed at random throughout its 125
pages. What is the probability that page observed at random contains
at least two misprints? A) .2642 B) 2462 C) 2624 D) none
31.In a certain manufacturing process 5% of the tools produced turn out
to be defective. Find the probability that in a sample of 40 tools; at
most 2 will be defective? e-2 = 0.135 A) 0.555 B) 0.932 C) 0.785 D)
0.675

32.The probability that a man aged 45 will die within year is 0.012.
What is the probability that of 10 men, at least 9 will reach their 46th
birth day? e-0.12 = 0.88692 A) 0.0935 B) 0.9934 C) 0.9335 D) 0.9555

33.A car hire firm has 2 cars which is hired every day, number of
demands per day follows PD with mean 1.20, find the proportion of
days on which some demand refuses? (e-1.2 =3.32) A) 0.25 B) 0.3012
C) 0.12 D) 0.03

34.Number of accidents in a year attributed to taxi driver follows PD

with average 2, out of 500 taxi drivers of that area, find a number of
drivers with at least 3 accidents in a year (e-2 = 0.135) A) 162 B) 180
C)201 D) 190

35.If SD of Poisson is 2 then mode is A) 2 B) 4 C) 3 and 4 D) 4 and 5.

36.In a Poisson distribution a) Mean & SD are equal b) Mean, variance
are equal c) SD & variance are equal d) both (a) and (b)

37.In a Poisson distribution, 𝜇 = 2, 𝜇 =? A) 2 B) 4 C) D)

38.For a Poisson variate X, P(X=2) = 3P (X = 4), then the standard

deviation of X is (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d)√2

39.In a certain Poisson frequency distribution, the probability

corresponding to two successes is half of the probability
corresponding to three successes. The mean of the distribution is a) 6
b) 12 c) 3 d) 2.95

40.If x is a Poisson variate if the probability of non – zero positive

success is given by 1  e 6.5 . Find the mode=? A) 6 B) 15 C) 9 D) none.

41.The coefficient of variation of Poisson distribution is 20%. Find the

parameter, mode, p( x = 0), ,p(at least 1 success) = ? A) 25, 25, 24, e-25,
1- e-25 B) 25, 24, 25 250000, e-250000, 1- e-250000 C) 25, 26, 25, 250000,
e-250000, 1- e-250000

42.If x is PD with 9P(x=4) +90P(x=6) = P(X=2). Find P(X<=1) ? A) 0.5655

B) 0.655 C) 0.73 D)0.82
43.A R.V follows PD with CV=50, find P(X>1 / X>0)= ? A) 0.1876 B)
.2341 C ).9254 D) .8201

44.P.D with mean 2. Then find the 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 2/ 𝑥 ≥ 1) =? A) .6261 B )

.2612 C) 2145 D) none
Normal Distribution (N.D):
The most important continuous probability distribution used in the entire
field of statistics.
The mathematical equation of normal curve was found by De-moivre in
1733. It was later rediscovered by French mathematician Laplace (1749-
1827). It is referred as Gaussian distribution.

Definition:
The Probability Mass Function of normal distribution is
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
𝜎√2𝜋
Remark:
It is Limiting form of Binomial distribution since when n ∞ neither p nor
q are not too small.
It is limiting form of Poisson distribution when its μ mean is very large.
 x values falls in the interval ( Real line) whose range is −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞.

Properties of Normal Distribution:

 It is bell shaped.
 It is symmetric.
 Mean = Median = Mode.
 AB refers ordinate of normal curve.
 It divides into 2 equal parts.
 Area of Full normal curve=1.
 Area of L.H.S = 0.5(negative).
 Area of R.H.S = 0.5 (positive).
 The minimum value of z = -3 & maximum value of z = 3.
 There is no skewness (degree of symmetry).
 This normal distribution has got only one mode or uni-modal.
 It has 2 parameter mean (𝜇 𝑜𝑟 𝑥̅ , 𝑜𝑟 𝑚) & varience(𝜎 )
 It is denoted by N(𝑚, 𝜎 ).
 If x and y are independent variables 𝑥 = 𝑁(𝜇 , 𝜎 ) ,𝑦 = 𝑁(𝜇 , 𝜎 ),
z= x+y=N (𝜇 + 𝜇 , 𝜎 + 𝜎 )
 First moment about mean 𝜇 = 0
 Second moment about mean 𝜇 = 𝜎
 Third moment about mean 𝜇 = 0 (no skewness = symmetry)
 Fourth moment about mean 𝜇 = 3𝜎
 ( )
 Moment coef icient of skewness 𝛽 = ( )
=0

 Moment coef icient of kurtosis 𝛽 = ( )

= =3

 Mean deviation about 𝑥̅ = 0.8𝜎

 Quartile deviation = 0.675𝜎
 Lower quartile = 𝑚 − 0.675𝜎
 Upper quartile = 𝑚 + 0.675𝜎
 Point of inflexion = 𝑚 − 𝜎, 𝑚 + 𝜎
 Always lower quartile and upper quartile are equidistant from Mean
(𝜇 𝑜𝑟 𝑥̅ , 𝑜𝑟 𝑚)
 The tail of the normal curve never touch the horizontal line tails are
asymptotic
 In statistical quality control, the properties of normal distribution are
used to derive the control limits.

 Empirical Rule.
68.27% of the observations fall within 1 SD of the mean, b/w µ-and µ+σ

95.44% of the observations fall wihin 2 SD of the mean, b/w µ-2σ and µ+2σ

99.73% of the observations fall within 3 SD of the mean, B/w µ-3σ and
µ+3σ .

Standard normal variate: (s.n.v)

Always mean = 0 and varience =1

Area under standard normal curve (z):

𝑥−𝑚
𝑍= ,
𝜎
𝑋 → 𝑧 → 𝑃,
𝑅. 𝑉 → 𝑠. 𝑛. 𝑣 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑦
(−∞, ∞) → (−3, 3) → [0, 1]
1.The probability density function of a normal variable X is A) a)𝑓(𝑥) =
( – ) ( – )
𝑒 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞ , b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
√ √
( – )
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ D) none
√

2.Normal distribution is … A) Discrete B) continuous C) symmetrical

D) None
3.Normal Distribution is … A) Uni – parametric B) Bi – parametric C)
Both D) None
4.Normal distribution is …A) Uni – model B) Bi – model C) Some
times D) None
5.Normal Distribution is … A) positively skewed B) Negatively skewed
C) symmetrical D) None
6.The tails of Normal curve ----- horizontal axis A) touches B) never
touch C) partly touch D) None
7.Area of Normal curve from    x   is A) 1 B) 5 C) 0 D) -0.5
8.If X ~ N(𝑚, 𝜎 ), then which of the following is true a) MD = 0.8σ b)
QD = 0.675 σ c) Both a) and b) d) None
9.Mean and mode of ND A) equal B) always equal C) different D) none
10.Mean deviation about median of standard normal variate A) 0.675𝜎
B) 0.675 C) 0.8 𝜎 D) 0.8
11.For standard normal variate, point of inflexion is A) m- 𝜎 , m+ 𝜎 B)
−𝜎, 𝜎 C) -1, 1 D0 none
12.Symbol 𝜑(𝑎) indicated the area of s.n.v b/w A) 0 to a B) a to ∞ C) -∞
to a D) -∞, ∞

13.The area of s.n.v b/w z=0 to z=1 is 0.3413, then value of 𝜑(1) is A)
0.5 B) 0.8413 C) 0.3 D) 1

14.QD of ND with mean = 10 and SD 4 is A) 0.675𝜎 B) 0.675 C) 0.8 𝜎 D)

2.7
15.The total area under normal curve is A) 1 B) 0 C) 0.5 D) -1
16.In the ND P (m-3 𝜎 < x <m+ 3 𝜎) is equal to A) 0.9973 B) 0.9546 c)
0.9899 d) 0.9788
17.The interval (𝜇 − 3𝜎, 𝜇 + 3𝜎 )covers A) 95% area of ND B) 96% area
of ND C) 94% area of ND D) All but 0.27% area of ND.
18.Area between -1.96 to +1.96 in ND A) 95.45% B) 95% C) 96% D)
99%
19.If x and y are two independent standard normal variables, then the
distribution of is A) N.D B) exponential distribution C) Cauchy’s
Distribution D) Binomial distribution
20.In a ND the relation between QD and SD is ______A) 3 QD = 2 SD B) 3
SD = 2 QD C) 4 QD = 3 SD
21.Which of the following is false in case of ND A) It is multi model B)
mean = median = mode C) It is symmetric D) Total area is 1.
22.In normal distribution the relation between Q.D, S.D is A) Q.D > S.D B)
Q.D < S.D C) Q.D = S.D
23.Variance of Standard Normal Distribution? A) 1 B) σ C) 2 D)
0.
( – )

24.find CV for the following P.D.F, P(x=x) = ; −∞ < 𝑋 < ∞ A)

√
50 B) 60 C) 40 D) 30

25.The mean and variance of a random variable x having the following

P.D.F,
( – )
P(x=x) = ; −∞ < 𝑋 < ∞ A) 4, B) 4, C) 4, 8
√ √
D) none

( – )
26.The p.d.f is given by f(x) = ; −∞ < 𝑋 < ∞.find the point
√
of inflexion A) (55 and 35) B) 35, 55 C) both and B D) none
27.find the parameters for the following normal distribution is 𝑓(𝑥) =
( – )
A ) 10, 25 B )25, 10 C) 50, 10 D) none
√

28.The probability mass function Normal distribution is 𝑓(𝑥) =

( – )
parameters are? A ) 10, √5B )25, 5 C) 50, 10 D) none.
√

( – )
29.If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑒 Find k? A ) B) C) D) none
√ √ √

( )
30.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 Find 𝑚, 𝜎, k =? A )3, ±2, √8𝜋 B )3,
±2, √7𝜋 C) 3, ±2, √5𝜋 D) none

31.𝑓(𝑥) = Find the parameters? A ) 0, B ) 0, C) 0, D) none.

√
32.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑒 Find the parameters and also find k=? A) A )
0, , B ) 0, , C) 0, , D) none
√ √ √

( – )
33.𝑓(𝑥) = , Find the parameters, M.D, Q.D, C.V=? A) (10, 36),
√
4.8, 4.020, 60 B) (10, 34), 4.8, 4.020, 60 C) (10, 35), 4.8, 4.020, 60 D)
none.

34.If for a normal distribution Q1= 54.52 and Q3 = 78.86, then the
median of the distribution is a)12.17 b) 66.69 c) 39.43 d) None

35.if two quartiles are 14.6, 25.4 find SD ? A) 9 B0 5 C) 10 D) 8

36.if MD of normal variate is 16, find QD? A) 10 B) 13.5 C)15 D) 12.05

37.if point of inflexion of normal curve are 40 and 60 respectively, then
MD? A) 40 B) 45 C) 50 D0 60

38.if QD of normal curve is 4.05, MD=? A) 5.26 B) 6.24 C) 4.24 D) 4.80

39.if first quartile and MD about median of ND are 13.25 and 8

respectively, then mode? A) 20 B) 10 C) 15 D) 12

40.The parameters of Normal distribution is N (10, 25), Find 1.Median,

Mode, CV, M.D, Q1, Q3, Q.D, point of inflexion. A) 10, 10, 50, 4, 6.625,
13.375, (5, 15) B) 9, 10, 56, 4, 6.625, 13.375, (5, 15) C) 10, 10, 50, 4,
6.625, 10.375, (5, 15) D) none

41.The 2 Quartile on Normal distribution are 14.6 and 25.4. Find

𝑥̅ , 𝜎, 𝐶𝑉, 𝑀𝐷, 𝑄𝐷? A) 20, 8, 40%, 6.4, 5.4 B) 30, 8, 40%, 6.4, 5.4 C) 40,
8, 40%, 6.4, 5.4 D) none
42.In a normal distribution Q.D is 6, then S.D is A)4 b) 9 c) 7 d) 6.

43.If Q1 = 13.25 and M.D= 8 for ND then Mode is A) 20 B) 10 C) 15 D) 13

44.For ND with mean 150 and SD = 45. Find Q1 and Q3 A) 80, 50 B)

119.65, 180.35 C) 78.9, 125.3 D) none.

45.In ND, 4th central moment, mean=2, variance=4. A) 16 B) 32 C) 48 D)

none.

46.In ND, 𝛽 = 0, 𝛽 = 3 A) true B) false C) cannot be said D) none.

47.For Normal Distribution A) 1st and 2nd Quartiles are equidistant

from median B) 2nd and 3rd Quartiles are equidistant from median
C) 1st and 3rd Quartiles are equidistant from median

48.If the points of inflexion of a normal curve are 6 & 14 respectively.

Then standard deviation is: A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32
49.If x ~ N (3, 36) and y ~ N (5,64) then x + y ~ (8,A) the value of A is?
A) 100 B) 10 C) 64 D) 36.

50.If X and Y are two independent normal variable with mean 10, 12 and
SD 3, 4 then x+y is normally distributed with A) mean=22, SD =7 B)
mean=22, SD =25 C) mean=22, SD =5 D) mean=22, SD =49

51.If x, y are two independent normal variate with mean𝜇 , 𝜇 , SD 𝜎 , 𝜎

then x+y=? A) m=𝜇 + 𝜇 , SD = 𝜎 + 𝜎 B) m=𝜇 − 𝜇 , SD = 𝜎 + 𝜎
C) m=𝜇 + 𝜇 , SD = 𝜎 − 𝜎 D) none
52.Find the area of the normal curve which lies 1) right of z=2.7, ii) left
of z=1.73, iii) right of z=-.66, iv) left of z= -1.88, v) b/w z=1.25 to
z=1.67, vi) z=-1.85 to z=-0.90 vii) z=-1.45 to 1.45 A).0035, .9582,
.7454, .0301, .0581, .1519, .853 B).0045, .9582, .7454, .0301, .0581,
.1519, .853 C).0035, .9582, .7354, .0301, .0581, .1519, .853 D) none
Table values: [𝜑(2.7) = 0.4965, 𝜑(1.73) = .4582, 𝜑(. 66) =
.2454, 𝜑(1.88) = .4699, 𝜑(1.25) = .0581, 𝜑(1.67) =
0.4525, 𝜑(1.85) = .4678, 𝜑(. 9) = .3159, 𝜑(1.45) = .4265].
53.A project yields average cash flow (CF) of Rs 550 lakhs and SD (CF) of
Rs 110. Calculate the i) (CF) > 675 lakhs ii) CF < 450 lakhs iii) CF b/w
425 lakhs and 750 lakhs. A) .1271, .1814, .8385 B).1271, .1814, .8385
C) .1271, .1814, .8385 D) none.
Table values: [𝜑(1.14) = .3729, 𝜑(. 91) = .3186, 𝜑(1.14) =
.3729, 𝜑(1.82) = .4656 ].

54.5000 students were appeared in an examination. The mean of marks

was 39.5 with standard deviation 12.5 marks. Assuming the
distribution to be normal, find the number of students recorded more
 than 60% marks. [Given when Z = 1.64 area of normal curve =
0.4494] a) 1000 b) 505 c) 252 d) 2227

55.There are 75 students in a class and their average marks are 50 and
S.D of marks is 5. Number of students who have secured more than
60 marks (given area z=2 to .4772) A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

56.The incomes of a group of 10000 persons having average 750 and SD

50, what was lowest income among the richest 250? P(z<1.96)=.475
A) 879 B) 568 C) 848 D) none

57.Among 10000 random digits in how many cases do we expect that

the digit 3 appears at most 950 times (the area under S.N.V z=1.667
is 0.4525) A) 568 B) 5687 C) 475 D) none
58.A sample of 100 dry battery cell tested to find the length of life
produced? Mean = 12 hrs and SD = 3 hrs. What % of battery cells are
expected to have life less than 6 hrs? 𝜑(2) = 0.4772 A) 2.56 B) 2.28
C) 1.23 D) 0

59.In a sample of 800 students, mean weight and Sd of weight are found
to be 50kg and 20kg respectively. Find the number of students
weighing b/w 46 to 62 kg? (z=0.2, 0.0793, z=0.6, 0.2257) A) 250 B)
244 C) 240 D) 260

60.The salary of workers of a factory is known to be normal with

average salary Rs10, 000 and SD Rs 2000, if 50 workers receive
 salary > Rs 14000, then the total number of workers in factory is
A)2193 B) 2000 C) 2200 D) 2500

61.50% of certain product have weights 60 kg or more whereas 10 %

have weights 55 kg or less. On assumption of normality, find the
variance of weight? A)15.21 B) 9 C) 16 D) 22.68, P(Z=1.28 is 0.40)

62.If x~N(50, 16) which is not possible, A) P(X>60)=.30 B) P(X<50)=.5

C) P(X<60)=.4 D) P(X>50)=.5

63.X follows a N.D with mean= 50 and SD = 10 what is the value of

𝑃 =? z= 0 to z=1 is 0.3413. A) 0.6826 B) 0.7354 C) 0.1983 D)
0.5492
64.weekly wages of 2000 workers in a factory having mean salary of Rs
200 and variance of Rs 400.Estimate the lowest weekly wages of the
197 highest paid workers and the highest weekly wages of the 197
lowest workers? 𝜑(1.29) = 0.4015

65.Find the mean and SD of the marks in an examination where 44% of

the candidates obtained marks below 55 and 6% got above 80 marks.
𝜑(0.06) = 0.15, 𝜑(0.44) = 1.55

66.The mean of a distribution is 50% and 5% of the values are greater

than 60. Find the standard deviation. (𝜑(1.64) = 0.45)

67.The marks of the students in a class with mean 70 and SD is 5. If the

instructors decide to give A grade to the top 15% students of the
 class, how many marks a student must get to be able to get A grade?
𝜑(0.35)=1.036

68.The incomes of a group of 5000 persons having mean Rs 900 and SD

Rs 75. What was the highest income among the poorest 200?
𝜑(0.46 = 1.75)

69.The incomes of a group of 10000 persons having mean Rs 750 and

SD Rs 50. What was the lowest income among the richest 250?
(𝜑(0.475) = 1.96)

Uniform Distribution:
A random variable X is said to be UD on [a, b], if probability density
function is constant k for entire range of X.
𝑘, 𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑏
𝑓(𝑥) =
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
 1
𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1 ↔ 𝑘𝑑𝑥 = 1 ↔ 𝑘(𝑏 − 𝑎) = 1 ↔ 𝑘 =
𝑏−𝑎

( )
Mean 𝜇 = ,𝜇 = and varience = 𝜎 =

Problems:
1.If X is UD with mean =1 and variance= , find P(X>0) =? A) B) C)
D) none

2.If X is UD in [-3, 7] find mean? A) 3 B) 2 C) 6

3.Train on certain run way in mid night every half an hour and 6 in the
morning, find the probability of man entering the station at random,
so that he has to wait at least 20 min) =? A) B) C) D) none

4.Let distribution function of random variable, F(x) = P(X≤x), then F(5)

– F(2)? A) P(2≤x≤5) B) P(2≤x<5) C) P(2<x≤5) D) none

5.Let X is UD with values 0, 2, 3, 5 and 6 find E(x), P(X≤3)? A) 3, B) 5,

C) 7, D) none.

6.Suppose a quiz there are 30 participants, a question is given to all and

time allowed to answer 25 seconds, find the probability of responds
in 6 seconds? A) B) C D)
7.Suppose flight about to land and announcement says expected time to
land = 30 minutes, find the probability of getting flight b/w (25 to 30
minutes)? A) B) C) D) none

8.Suppose train delayed by 60 minutes approx. Find the probability that

train will reach by 57 minutes to 60 minutes? A) B) C) D) none.

9.If X is UD with 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, 20, P(X≤15), 𝑃(|𝑥 − 14| < 5)? ? A) ,
B) , C) , D) none