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Table of Contents

Executive Summary 2

2023 Cybersecurity Predictions 4

SOCRadar with Numbers 5

Phishing Statistics in 2022 6

Top 10 Targeted Industries and Countries in 2022 10

Top 10 Countries Targeted by Threat Actors 12

Most Active Ransomware Groups 14

Top 10 Cyber Incidents in 2022 16

Top 10 Data Leaks/Breaches in 2022 19

Top 5 Vulnerabilities Routinely Exploited by Threat Actors in 2022 24

www.socradar.io
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Executive Summary
2022 has been a challenging year for cybersecurity worldwide.
Russian invasion of Ukraine accompanied by waves of
cyberattacks marked the start of the year. Perhaps too often,
the CISOs of large corporations did not sleep well due to the
constant new cyberattacks and significant data breaches that
emerged throughout the year. In those same sleepless nights,
we at SOCRadar were called to new challenges, fighting deep
inside the trenches to prevent the following significant cyber
incident proactively.

Throughout the year, we have seen simple endpoint attacks

become complex, multi-stage operations, and ransomware
attacks hit small businesses and large corporations. That's why
the need for integrated cyber threat intelligence platforms like
SOCRadar, which appeals to companies of all sizes from all
sectors throughout the year, has often found its place in
Gartner reports.

Crypto mining attacks gave cybercriminals easy access to

company networks. For this reason, the importance of dark web
monitoring has increased this year.

And it was a year when cybercriminals significantly improved

their threat game. While fighting against cyber attacks, the
need for products such as SOCRadar to reach more segments
in the sector has also increased. Therefore, contextualized
threat intelligence looks set to change the game's rules in 2023.
With contextualized threat intelligence, SOC analysts ensure
that they have clear guidelines for effective threat hunting.

From the detection of cyber security breaches to the use of

artificial intelligence and MDR-supported XDR that allows timely
intervention, to the detection of day 0 vulnerabilities that can
be exploited with attack surface management, and the
detection of threat actors trying to infiltrate your institution with
a stolen VPN account that has been sold on the Darkweb. The
need and investments for "actionable threat intelligence"
solutions will continue to increase in 2023.

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Here are the largest cyber attacks, threats, and data breaches
that will shake the world in 2022:
•.com is the leading choice of threat actors by 33%.

•Scammers were targeting Government and IT industries the most.*

•55% of the Impersonating domains use an SSL certificate to give users a false sense
of security.

•The threat actors were targeting the US by far.

•Government and finance were at the forefront industries that threat actors
discussed the most over dark web channels.

•Manufacturing and Information Technologies were the top two

sectors most targeted by ransomware groups.

•According to the data taken from SOCRadar platform, 163

Key
ransomware attacks against the healthcare industry were
reported in 2022, with LockBit ransomware being the most
active ransomware group.

•Besides China and Brazil, 8 of the top 10 countries

affected by cyber-attacks were from North America,
Europe, and the Commonwealth of Nations.

LockBit was the most active ransomware group in

2022 followed by BlackCat and Conti.

Diplomatic conflicts as well as armed aggression

created manoeuvre zones for cyber threat actors.

•On September 24, 2022, SOCRadar's integrated

Cloud Security Module discovered that 65.000
entities' sensitive data became public due to a
server configuration error at Microsoft's Azure Blob
Storage. Six significant public buckets of the many
found contained data on more than 150.000
companies across 123 nations. With sensitive data

Findings
contained in a single bucket and affecting more
than 65.000 entities across 111 countries, it can be
considered one of the biggest B2B leaks.

•The top 5 vulnerabilities in 2022 curated from the

SOCRadar Vulnerability Intelligence module were:
"CVE-2021-26084(Atlassian Confluence Server and
Data Center RCE), CVE-2020-1472(Zerologon),
CVE-2021-22205(Gitlab), CVE-2022-40684 (Fortinet
FortiProxy), CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell)"

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2023 Cybersecurity Predictions

Cloud Security Vulnerabilities Ransomware, again

The importance of timely detection and 2023 will be a year in which attention
removal of public buckets and files will should be paid to ransomware (again)
increase this year. As seen in the by looking at the financial losses caused
BlueBleed data leak case revealed by by the cases in the last five years based
SOCRadar, the work and concerns of on countries or continents and the
CISOs on cloud security will likely increases every year. With the increase
increase this year. in ransomware attacks, companies can
do more projects to implement Zero
Trust Architecture.

Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
and Containers-as-a-Service (CaaS)
DRPS
The increase in RaaS and CaaS services
are likely to facilitate the process of The value of information in
conducting the attacks which will cause underground forums is getting more
more number of related cyber cases. and more critical every day. Considering
this year's Medibank case, the
information sold on Telegram for the
first entry is precious. Dark web
monitoring is mentioned frequently in
DDoS, yes, again 2023.
Looking at the past year's examples, there
will be another break of new records in
DDoS attacks.

MFA Bypass
MFA Bypass methods will be used more as
Rise of Supply Chain Attacks the use of MFA increases. The importance
and usefulness of Yubikey-style FIDO2
passwordless authentication will increase.
Organizations that are difficult to hack
and infiltrate will continue to be infiltrated
through Supply Chain-3rd party vendors.

Business E-mail Compromise

(BEC) Attacks
It can be stated that BEC attacks, which are
Talent Shortage
the second after phishing attacks in
Extended threat intelligence solutions causing the most financial damage to
integrated with AI systems that solve the institutions, will again come to the fore in
cybersecurity industry's talent shortage 2023; perhaps they can surpass phishing
will be discussed more frequently. attacks and pose a severe threat to
organizations.

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SOCRadar With Numbers*

*Scope: January 1- December 31 2022,

6.500+ Users 100+ IP Search 27.5+ PORT Search

Million Billion

We Shared
755.309 22.983
1.580.000+ IP Login 15.126
Domain Discovered Page

Dark Web
News
332.587 27.566
SSL Cloud
Service
2.549

2.039 12.292
Mobile App Rogue
Mobile App Ransomware
News

Notifications to Our Users

1.012
1M+ Contextualized
Phishing Alarms

+200k Regional
News
Dark Web
News Notification*

1.011 Malware Analyzed

4.488.326 78.437
Generated
Alarms
Detected Impersonating
Accounts 10M Unique IOC

75.828 7+ Million 14k Yara and Sigma Rules

Detected Credit Card Discovered PII
Information of Our
Users on the Dark Web Exposures (*62538 Threatshare, 9013 Vulnerability Subscription,
4552 Report Subscription e-mails)

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Phishing in 2022
One of the services SOCRadar provides is discovering and taking action against
impersonating domains trying to harvest credentials and personally identifiable
information from your employees and customers. Remember that phishing and social
engineering are still the starting points of many cyber attacks.

A. Most used Top Level Domains

other com
%33,51% %33,03%

cn
%2,42% top
%8,92%
xyz
%2,51% org
%5,82%
co
%2,97% app
%3,95%
icu
%3,29%
net
%3,57%
.com is the leading choice of threat actors by 33%.

B. Most Targeted Industries

1.5 % 10.1 %
Betting Finance, Banking,
Insurance
1.7 % 3.5 %
Legal
Telecommunication
Services

10.4 % 5.1 %
Government Cryptocurrency 6.9 %
10.4 % Media &
Entertaintment
Cyber Security
8.8 %
3.0 % E-commerce 2.8 %
Healtcare
4.6 % Manufacturing

9.2 % 2.8 %
Education

Information Gaming
2% 2%
Accommodation Technologies Non-governmental
& Food Services Organization

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Phishing in 2022
C. SSL Certificate Preference

%44,72%
%55,28%

https http

55% of the Impersonating domains use SSL certificates to give users a false sense of security.

D. Most affected Countries

United States %16,3 %

Russian Federation %6,9 %

India %4,1 %

Indonesia %3,6 %

Brazil %3,2 %

United Kingdom %3,2 %

China %3 %

France %3 %

Germany %2,3 %

Turkey %1,9 %

The threat actors targeted the US by far

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Phishing in 2022
E. Most Affected Websites
We analyzed some of the most visited sites of the US for potential impersonating
domains using one of the SOCRadar`s free SOC Tools, Phishing Radar.

Here are the results:

tiktok.com 4.975

instagram.com 4.942

facebook.com 4.934

linkedin.com 4.918

discord.com 4.691

walmart.com 4.690

yahoo.com 4.602

roblox.com 4.597

netflix.com 4.487

twitter.com 4.469

xnxx.com 4.463

amazon.com 4.447

youtube.com 4.293

espn.com 4.244

reddit.com 4.207

google.com 4.195

ebay.com 4.195

xvideos.com 3.758

weather.com 3.740

pornhub.com 3.306

bing,com 3.111

wikipedia.org 2.467

live.com 2.314

pinterest.com 1.546

usps.com 1.419

Foxnews.com 1.130

quora.com 686

nytimes.com 654

etsy.com 596

msn.com 592
You will notice at first glance that the top 5 sites are all
duckduckgo.com 322
social media networks. This result corroborates the
cnn.com 311 trend that threat actors are targeting mobile devices.

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Phishing in 2022
F. Email Security Grader and Analyzer
One of the measures against phishing is keeping your e-mail services secure. Another
free tool from the free SOC Tools of SOCRadar, "Email Security Grader Report," allows
you to determine that.Then, Email Security Grader performs passive and active checks
using cyberattack techniques. Afterward, it completes its work by making checks on
threat intelligence.

Also, if you have a suspicious email, save it as a .eml file and upload it to the E-mail Threat Analyzer.
It will help you figure out if the email is a scam.

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3. Top 10 Targeted Industries and

Countries in 2022
On the Darkweb
Now, let us discuss some of our findings from the Dark web.
Cyberattacks monitored by SOCRadar between January 1st and December 15th, 2022,
can cause various problems regardless of the business, from minor inconveniences to
significant losses and, worse yet, lawsuits against your company.

Threat actors could choose a company in any field as their target to compromise the
victim's digital assets. However, being attacked reduces significantly a company's
productivity and damages its reputation.

Here are the top 10 industries that the threat actors discussed the most over the dark
web channels:
Industries Mentioned Most on the Darkweb
•Government
•Finance Government
•Cybersecurity Finance %5 %
•IT %6%
•E-commerce Manufacturing
Legal Services %27%
•Media & Entertainment %6 %
•Cryptocurrency
•Education
Media & Entertainment
•Telecommunication %6%
•Healthcare
Professional, Scientific,
and Technical Servicesvand Technical Services
%7 %

Education Information Technology

%8 % %14 %

Healthcare Construction
%10% %11%
(Source: SOCRadar)

The top industries targeted by ransomware threat actors differ from those mentioned
in dark web posts. The graph shows that ransomware actors choose industries in
which business continuity has utmost importance.

Based on the information above, dark web forums and ransomware groups in 2022
targeted the health industry. As SOCRadar monitored, 163 ransomware attacks against
the healthcare industry were reported in 2022, with LockBit ransomware being the
most active ransomware group. More information about the functional ransomware
groups and notable cyberattacks on the healthcare industry in 2022 can be found in
SOCRadar’s research.

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Top 10 Targeted Industries and

Countries in 2022
By the Ransomware Groups
Since the ransomware and extortion gangs do not follow the same patterns as the rest
of the cybercrime world and are very picky about going after certain types of targets, the
intelligence about these gangs needs to be differentiated from other dark web
intelligence.

Analysts at SOCRadar keep an eye on these gangs through the standard methods in
addition to the affiliated blogs and forums. Here are the top 10 industries where
ransomware and extortion gangs are most discussed on their blogs and forums.

•Manufacturing
•Information Technology
•Construction
•Healthcare
•Education
•Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
•Media & Entertainment
•Legal Services
•Finance Industries Targeted Most by Ransomware Gangs
•Government

Government
%5%
Finance
%6%
Manufacturing
Legal Services %27%
%6%

Media & Entertainment

%6%

Professional, Scientific,
and Technical Services
%7%

Information Technology
Education %14%
%8%

Healthcare
%10% Construction
%11%

(Source: SOCRadar)
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4. Top 10 Countries Targeted by

Threat Actors in 2022
On the Darkweb
No single answer is why one nation is targeted more than another. Still, a
larger country equates to more devices, which indicates a larger attack
surface for attackers to exploit. Other significant factors include the level
of cybersecurity awareness across the country and the existence of
more important targets like infrastructure or companies.

%16 %

%7 %

%4 % %4% %3% %3 % %3% %3%

%2% %2%

United States Russian India Indonesia Brazil United China France Germany Turkey
Federation Kingdom

The list of the most mentioned countries in these channels (Source: SOCRadar)

In addition, most of these posts is

%7

Other
%3% about trading and exchanging
data.

The other 3.3% is about buying

Selling data, hacking and target
%43 % announcements, and
partnership/cooperation offers.
Again, the top 10 are ranked
differently for ransomware
Sharing actors. In our CTI solution of
%54%
SOCRadar Platform, you can
find intelligence about
ransomware and extortion
Selling Sharing Other
gangs in different categories.
SOCRadar analysts follow these
threat actors in communication
(Source: SOCRadar) channels, forums and blogs.

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Top 10 Countries Targeted by

Threat Actors in 2022

41,8%

8,2%
6,2% 5,6% 4,6% 4,6% 4,1% 3,2% 3,2% 2,9%
United States United Kingdom Germany France Italy Canada Spain Brazil Australia China

Distribution of posts linked to countries (Source: SOCRadar)

Except for Brazil and China, 8 of the top 10 targets are located in North
America, Europe and Commonwealth Countries. What has been shared in
these channels are the announcements of victims and exposed data of
uncooperative victims. As shown in the circle graph below, most posts were
victim announcements, either because the victim paid the demanded ransom
or because the statement was a fake story. Even if the ransomware attack is
unsuccessful, it will still harm an organization’s reputation.

Categories of Shares

Data Sharing
%31%

Victim Announcement
%69%

Data Sharing Victim Announcement

Percentage of post categories (Source: SOCRadar)

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5. Ransomware Attacks in 2022

LockBit was the most active ransomware group with the most mentions
on dark web forums in 2022 followed by BlackCat and Conti.

31,1%

8,8%
6,5%
5,2% 5%
4,1% 4%
2,3% 2,1% 2,1%
0
Lockbit AlphVM Blackcat Conti Black Basta HiveLeaks Karakurt Vice Society BianLian Quantum Royal

Most active ransomware groups. (Source: SOCRadar)

What Have We Learned from Ransomware Attacks in 2022?

Lesson 1: Although many researchers thought ransomware attacks would decrease
when Conti ceased operations, it did not turn out that way. In 2022, when many
ransomware groups surfaced, their TTP showed unique features as well as similarities.
One of the unique tactics used by a ransomware group, Royal Ransomware, is
“callback phishing”. It is one of the recently emerged phishing techniques. Callback
phishing is a type of phishing attack that impersonates a business. The attack starts off
as a phishing email, typically claiming that the victim needs to renew a subscription or
pay a bill for a service that they did not purchase. The email contains a “customer
service” phone number with direction to call if the victim has questions and concerns.

The SOCRadar Threat Actors/Malware tab can track and index hacker groups,
ransomware organizations, and the malware they use, giving you access to relevant IoCs.

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Lesson 2: It is clear that ransomware Digital assets also should be tracked by

groups are only sometimes motivated using External Attack Surface
by financial gains. We saw that in 2022, Management products. In this way,
nonprofit and governmental organizations gain visibility on all known
organizations could also suffer and unknown assets.
tremendous damage from such groups.
For this reason, these kinds of Lesson 5: Small and medium-sized
organizations should also take enterprises spend less money on
precautions against these threats. cybersecurity measures. As a result, it
can cause them to spend much more
Lesson 3: The emergence of new and money in the event of a ransomware
updated variants will complicate attack. It is essential for every
signature-based detection. As a solution organization to meet specific standards
to this situation, SOC analysts should be in cybersecurity and to detect where
able to follow up-to-date IoCs, and attacks may come from to take
organizations should support their precautions.
cybersecurity technologies with cyber
threat intelligence to adopt a more
proactive defensive approach.

Lesson 4: Although industries where

uptime and data sensitivity is critical
make relatively less money, they may
seem more prone to paying the ransom
because they have less tolerance for
such attacks. One of the most common
security vulnerabilities in industries such
as healthcare and education is that the
systems are outdated. It may be
necessary to regularly update and
replace the devices that reached the
end of life.

SOCRadar, Attack Surface Management tab can help identify and reduce the number of
potential entry points for ransomware, further reducing the risk of a successful attack.

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6. Top Cybersecurity Incidents in 2022

Everyone worked to overcome the negative effects of COVID-19 in
2022, while threat actors merely sought to get more money from
these efforts. International crises like the diplomatic conflict about
Taiwan and Russian invasion of Ukraine have also inspired threat
actors. Let us take a look back at the top cyber incidents of 2022.

Russian Invasion of Ukraine

February
As a beginning, several Ukrainian companies were infected with
malware in January 2022. DDoS attacks began soon after, targeting
government agencies in Ukraine, such as the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and the Security and Defense Council. The second wave of
DDoS attacks hit the government and two of the state’s largest
banks. Some known hacker groups also participated in the
conflict. Anonymous, the world’s largest hacktivist organization,
has declared cyber war on Russia; and the ransomware gang
Conti sided with Russia.

Ronin Bridge Hacked: $625M Has Been Stolen

March
In one of the most significant crypto attacks, hackers stole about
$600 million from a blockchain network linked to the well-known
online game Axie Infinity. Players can earn virtual money, and
non-fungible tokens (NFTs), a type of financial security made up of
digital data stored in a blockchain, by playing Ronin’s Axie Infinity
game.

China-Taiwan Conflict
August
Nancy Pelosi was the first US representative to visit Taiwan in the
last 25 years, and her visit in August 2022 sparked some diplomatic
events and cyberattacks. China did not want the visit to happen
and started to pressure Taiwan in response to its recent political
recognition. Before Pelosi arrived, attackers hacked billboards in
shops and train stations. The hacked billboards showed Chinese
messages that were urging Pelosi to leave Taiwan. Threat actors
launched strong DDoS attacks against Taiwan’s presidential office
and other official government agencies’ websites, including the
Ministries of Foreign Affairs and National Defense; as a result, the
websites went offline. Around the time of the visit, many threat
actors began selling and leaking company and citizen data
related to Taiwan and China on underground forums.

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Top Cyber Incidents in 2022

Twilio, Cloudflare, and MailChimp Attackers Targeted

August Over 130 Organizations
The hackers responsible for some hacks, including those on Twilio,
MailChimp, and Cloudflare, have been linked to a more extensive
phishing campaign that targeted 136 organizations and resulted in
the theft of 9,931 account login credentials. This login information
was gathered using the phishing tool known as 0ktapus. Most of
the victim organizations are based in the US (114), India (4), Canada
(3), France (2), Sweden (2), and Australia (1). There have reportedly
been at least 169 phishing domains for this purpose.

Cisco Confirms Hacking by the Yanluowang

September Ransomware Gang
Cisco has confirmed that the Yanluowang ransomware group has
compromised their local network and that the actor attempted to
extort them by threatening to publish stolen data online.
Investigation results showed a Cisco employee’s credentials were
compromised after a hacker took over a personal Google account
where the victim’s browser was synchronizing credentials.

Nearly the Entire Uber IT System Was Breached

September
The internal systems of Uber were compromised on September
15. The hacker was able to access the company’s Slack account,
HackerOne account, and full admin access to their AWS Web
Services and GCP accounts. The entry attack used a social
engineering campaign to target Uber’s employees. An Uber
employee received a text message from the hacker, which
appeared to be from the company’s IT department.

Hackers Released 10 Terabytes of Military Emails

September and Files

Approximately ten terabytes of emails and other documents from

military and police organizations in Chile, Mexico, El Salvador,
Colombia, and Peru were released by the hacking group
Guacamaya, which has mainly aimed at Central American targets.

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Top Cyber Incidents in 2022

$529M is Stolen from Indian Citizens by

October Chinese-linked Hackers
According to the cybercrime unit in the state of Uttar Pradesh,
Chinese scammers have allegedly stolen $529 million from Indian
citizens using instant lending apps, part-time job lures, and fake
cryptocurrency trading schemes.

$570M Stolen from Binance Blockchain

October
Due to a cyberattack that happened on October 4, 2022, led to
the theft of about two million BNB (Binance Coin) tokens, which
could have been exchanged for more than $570 million in fiat
currency.

The Largest DDoS Attack by Mirai Botnet on

October Wynncraft Minecraft Server
Cloudflare, a web infrastructure and security provider, announced
that a Mirai botnet had successfully stopped a 2.5 Tbps distributed
denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. Researcher Omer Yoachimik
described the attack as a multi-vector attack consisting of UDP
and TCP floods. It was targeted at the Wynncraft Minecraft server.

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6.Top 10 Data Breaches in 2022

BlueBleed Data Leak
On September 24, 2022, SOCRadar’s integrated Cloud Security
Module discovered that 65.000 entities’ sensitive data became
public due to a server configuration error at Microsoft’s Azure
Blob Storage. PII (Personally Identifiable Information) data,
documents that may contain intellectual property,
Proof-of-Execution (PoE) and Statement of Work (SoW)
documents, user information, product orders and offers,
project information, and other information are all part of the
leak. Six significant public buckets of the many found contained
data on more than 150.000 companies across 123 nations. With
sensitive data contained in a single bucket and affecting more
than 65.000 entities across 111 countries, it can be considered
one of the biggest B2B leaks.

Threat actors need sensitive information to carry out most of

their malicious activity. They typically obtain the information by
conducting various cyberattacks or simply gathering it from
unprotected platforms, accounts, or databases. Data leaks
typically have a long-lasting effect because the information is
always reusable in different attack techniques.

NVIDIA | 71,000 Employee Credentials

In February, Nvidia experienced a breach that led to the theft of
71.335 employees’ credentials. The threat actors later leaked the
information of compromised accounts. The Lapsus$ gang later
claimed responsibility for the hack and disclosed that they had
stolen 1TB of data from Nvidia’s network. After a futile ransom
71.000 demand, 20GB of the data was leaked on threat actors’
Telegram channel.

ChatVPN, GeckoVPN, and SuperVPN | 21 Million Accounts

A threat actor exposed 10GB of data on a Telegram channel. The
data contained 21 million records from users of various VPN
services. In 2021, threat actors listed 21 million data records
belonging to ChatVPN, GeckoVPN, and SuperVPN users for sale
on the dark web. Later, in May 2022, the data dump was leaked to
the public via a Telegram hacker channel.

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Top 10 Data Breaches in 2022

Neopets | 69 Million Accounts

The virtual pet platform Neopets, which introduced its own NFTs, had its
source code and database publicized. A data breach of the Neopets
platform led to over 69 million users’ personal information theft. A
threat actor under the alias “TarTarX” sold the data on a breach forum.
Researchers found that the attackers had access to Neopets’ systems
since January 3, 2021.

Rockstar Games | Source Code, Assets, Test Clips

Slack and Confluence servers owned by Rockstar Games were compromised
due to a network breach. Data from video games called “GTA 5” and the
upcoming “GTA 6” were stolen. “Teapotuberhacker,” also responsible for Uber’s
intrusion, leaked the data on GTAForums. The threat actor sold some of the
data for more than $10.000. GTA 5 and GTA 6 source code and assets, as well
as GTA 6 testing videos, were allegedly stolen.

MyDeal | 2.2 Million Customer Information

An Australian retail marketplace operated by Woolworths,
called MyDeal, reported a data breach that affected 2.2 million
customers. According to the company, a hacker gained access
to the CRM system using stolen credentials and obtained the
sensitive customer information. The hacker then offered the
stolen information for sale on a dark web forum.

Optus | 9.8 Million Customer Information

A threat actor gained unauthorized access to Optus’ network and stole 9.8
customer information records. It is unclear when the actual breach happened,
but it was detected on September 22. The telecom company had an API
allowing customer data access without authorization or authentication. The
vulnerable API could be the entry point of the attack. The hacker “optusdata”
uploaded a sample of 10.200 customers’ stolen data and demanded a $1
million ransom.

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Top 10 Data Breaches in 2022

Twitter | 7 Million Accounts
Twitter, had a significant data leak incident in July. The leak resulted in a much larger leak
afterward. A threat actor acquired over 5.4 million Twitter user records with private information
and leaked it on a hacker forum. Attackers obtained the information in December 2021 by using
an API vulnerability that had been made public in a HackerOne bounty program and was fixed
in January 2022. In July 2022, the threat actor sold personal information for $30.000. In
November, security researchers found nearly 7 million Twitter profiles with private information
on the dark web. In addition to the 1.4 million suspended user profiles collected using a different
API, the database also contained the 5.4 million user profiles from the earlier leak. Leaks
included public information like verified status, account names, Twitter IDs, bios, screen names,
and personal phone numbers.

WhatsApp | 487 Million Phone Numbers

In November, a threat actor advertised the phone numbers of 487 million WhatsApp users for
sale on a breach forum. According to reports, the database was recent. Although it was most
likely scrapped, it is unclear how the threat actor got access to these records. The threat actor
divided the records into datasets and priced them differently. Later, the post was taken down,
but new dark web posts started to spread similar information. Using the exposed phone
numbers, attackers could trick users via SMS or phone calls. The leaked data included phone
numbers from users in 84 countries, most of whom were from Egypt, Italy, and the US.

Medibank | 9.7 Million Customer Data

Medibank’s customer data was compromised due to the company’s refusal to pay its attackers
following a ransomware incident. The data was stolen but not encrypted because Medibank
stopped the attack following reports from Australian authorities. During the breach, attackers
gained access to 9.7 million customers’ data. They published sample data and demanded a $10
million ransom from Medibank, threatening to leak the stolen data on the dark web if they
refused. Medibank refused to pay the ransom, so the attackers leaked the documents on the
dark web on November 9.

BidenCash | 1.22 Million Credit Cards

BidenCash carding marketplace leaked an advertisement dump that contained information of
1.221.551 credit cards. The data was made publicly available. The marketplace obtains the
information in leaks via stealer malware and skimmers. BidenCash had leaked a promotional
dump before the carding website was first launched on June 16. The initial database dumped
then contained about 8 million lines of data, including email addresses, with about 6.700 credit
cards.

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What Have We Learned from Data Breaches in 2022?

Lesson 1: Regular posture review reviews help to identify potential exposures

promptly and efficiently. In this context, reviewing and updating security measures
should be one of the priorities to avoid vulnerabilities.

SOCRadar XTI, Attack Mapper, Company Vulnerabilities

Lesson 2: Companies that share data with a third-party organization must ensure
they have at least the same cybersecurity awareness. Third-party vendors and
service providers should be closely monitored, conduct due diligence, and provide
necessary security protocols to prevent abuse of data exchanges between them by
threat actors.

SOCRadar XTI, Attack Mapper, Digital Footprint

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What Have We Learned from Data Breaches in 2022?

Lesson 3: Organizations need to educate employees about identifying and avoiding

cyber threats. Also, it is crucial to deploy multi-factor authentication for employee
access.

Lesson 4: Companies must ensure that access to critical data corresponds to an

employee’s specific role in the company. Also, authorities should review all critical
users’ access levels. When an employee leaves, the company must revoke access to
systems immediately. Additionally, implementing a zero-trust framework will
improve organizational security.

Lesson 5: Organizations should use Extended Threat Intelligence solutions that

provide to identify and mitigate threats across the surface and dark web.

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7. Top 5 Critical Vulnerabilities Routinely

Exploited by Threat Actors in 2022
For threat actors, vulnerabilities are essential tools in their arsenal. Vulnerabilities are
software security flaws that may be unknown to the developer or the vendor and are
one of the most vital security concerns. However, even if the vendor provides security
patches for a vulnerability, the threat actors do not cease their efforts in abusing the
unpatched systems.

Here are the top 5 vulnerabilities in 2022 curated from the SOCRadar Vulnerability
Intelligence module:

Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center

RCE Vulnerability | CVE-2021-26084

It is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability, precisely, an

OGNL injection vulnerability. A threat actor can execute an
arbitrary code on a Confluence Server or Data Center without
needing authentication. With nearly 250.000 customers,
Atlassian is in every corner of the world. As a result, any
vulnerability it has can be an attractive target for threat actors.
According to CISA’s multiple alerts, the CVE-2021-26084 has
been one of the top vulnerabilities exploited by the threat
actors since it was reported. Atlassian provides short-term
workaround and patches.

Zerologon | CVE-2020-1472

It is an elevation of privilege vulnerability. It occurs when a

threat actor, using the Netlogon Remote Protocol, establishes
a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection to a
domain controller. As a result, a threat actor could run a
specially crafted application on a device on the network. Since
Windows 3.11, every release of Windows has NetLogon.
Combined with the presence of Windows machines
worldwide, ZeroLogon should not be ignored. Microsoft
recommends patching immediately.

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Top 5 Critical Vulnerabilities Routinely

Exploited by Threat Actors in 2022

Gitlab | CVE-2021-22205 Fortinet FortiProxy | CVE-2022-40684

An issue in GitLab CE/EE It is an authentication bypass using an

affecting all versions starting alternate path or channel found in Fortinet
from 11.9. GitLab was not FortiOS, FortiProxy, and FortiSwitchManager.
properly validating image files It allows an unauthenticated attacker to
that were passed to a file perform operations on the administrative
parser, which resulted in a interface via specifically crafted HTTP or
remote command execution. HTTPS requests. According to Fortinet, more
Anyone able to upload an than 615000 customers are using Fortinet
image that goes through the appliances. With this number of customers,
GitLab Workhorse could threat actors could feel tempted to try and
achieve RCE via a specially abuse a Critical vulnerability such as
crafted file. CVE-2022-40684 constantly.

Log4Shell | CVE-2021-44228

It is a remote code execution (RCE) flaw found on Apache Log4j 2 Java logging library. One
of the most dangerous vulnerability types because it allows remote attackers to control
servers over the Internet entirely. At the time of the discovery, all the versions of Log4j 2
were open to vulnerability. The first 72 hours of the vulnerability saw nearly a million
attempts at exploitation. It is still present and widely used by threat actors. Also, the CISA’s
report on China State-Sponsored Threat Actors states that it is still one of the top
vulnerabilities leveraged by China-linked threat actors. For a detailed explanation. Apache
has released a patch for the vulnerability. In addition to patches, some mitigation
techniques are also shared by Apache.

What Have We Learned from Log4Shell in 2022?

Lesson 1: Apache Log4j is an open-source To get ahead of problematic situations

library, meaning that programmers can such as this, developers can leverage from
copy, modify, and use it in their projects. Software Bill of Materials (SBOM). SBOM
Log4j is seen as a dependency in almost enables organizations to identify and track
7.000 other open-source projects. Because all third-party components, particularly
of its freedom and usefulness, some open-source components, and comply
software, such as the Log4j logging library, with licensing requirements. It also helps
became prevalent. This prevalence might ensure that the organization does not run
lead the developers to think that if there vulnerable open-source components and
were any problems, they would be keeps track of critical updates and patches.
disclosed by now.

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Lesson 2: Despite the widespread awareness of the Log4Shell vulnerability within the
cybersecurity community, vulnerable versions of Log4j remain hard to detect in some
instances. Some applications might use the open-source logging library as a direct
dependency in their applications. SOCRadar provides Supply Chain Intelligence. With its
help, you can proactively configure security measures using the intelligence provided by
SOCRadar.

SOCRadar XTI, Attack Mapper, Digital Footprint

SOCRadar provides Supply Chain Intelligence. With its help, you can proactively
configure security measures using the intelligence provided by SOCRadar.

What Have We Learned from Log4Shell in 2022?

Lesson 3: Visibility equates to speed in time of a potential crisis. Complete visibility into
your environment when vulnerabilities such as Log4j are discovered is paramount when
time is of the essence. Being able to immediately access your network and know exactly
where to look for certain tools, technologies, attributes, and software can be the difference
between a breach and a successful defense.

With the help of SOCRadar’s External Attack Surface Management, organizations can have
broader visibility into their system. In a case such as Log4j, organizations could have had a
high level of visibility into their environment and would be able to understand how to
handle a Log4j attack.

Lesson 4: A strong patching strategy should not be optional. As vulnerabilities become

known in software, organizations must provide the necessary resources to their
cybersecurity teams to remediate the vulnerabilities before threat actors can exploit them.
In reflection of Log4j, patches for the applications with the logging library were released
even before the vulnerability disclosure. However, the swiftness of the patches means
nothing if the organization cannot allocate the time or resources to apply the patch.

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Who is Your Eyes Beyond

?
As an Extended Threat Intelligence (XTI) platform and inventor of the concept,
SOCRadar’s approach effectively integrates Threat Intelligence, Digital Risk Protection,
and External Attack Surface Management (EASM). Adapting proactive security with a
hacker mindset, we aim to help security teams to detect blindspots before attackers.

The shortage of cybersecurity experts is a growing problem worldwide. All companies

around the world companies must use resources efficiently to provide adequate cyber
security with their limited resources. Automated security solutions offer precisely the
opportunity that corporations are looking for. With its AI-powered automation
technology. With providing protection against threats for more than 4.000 companies
from 150 countries, SOCRadar has become an extension of SOC teams from every
industry

SOCRadar provides extended cyber threat intelligence (XTI) that

combines: "Cyber Threat Intelligence, Digital Risk Protection,
and External Attack Surface Management Services." SOCRadar
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