Chapter 3
Forces and Energy
WALT
Gravity, Weight and Mass
Gravity
WILF
The gravitational field strength of Earth is approximately 9.8 N/kg.
The strength of gravity decrease as you move away from Earth
Any object with a mass has gravity.
Questions 1 – 4 Page 76
Weight
The force of gravity on an object is called weight.
Weight is measured in Newton (N)
By lifting an object you are pulling against gravity
If you lift a weight of 10N, you need to apply a force of 10N to keep it in the air.
Contact force
It’s a force that acts upwards to support an object not from falling.
The contact force is always equal to the Weight of an object if it’s not moving.
If the Weight is greater than the contact force the then the surface will break.
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Question 5 – 8 page 78
Formation of the Solar System
Activity Getting started Page 85
Where did the Solar System come from?
No one saw how it happened.
To ways to discover:
o Evidence
o Think of testable theories (hypothesis)
Facts about the Solar System
o All planets orbit around the Sun
o Sun and all planets spin on their axis in the same direction
as the planets orbit around the Sun EXCEPT Venus and Uranus
o Most moons orbit their planets in the same direction as the
planets orbit around the Sun.
o The planets orbit around the Sun on the same plane.
Watching the birth of a star.
o Stars are being formed from clouds dust and gas
o Clouds of dust and gas in space is called a Nebula.
o Scientist think Earth was formed this way – use technology to create models
How do stars and planets form out of dust and gas?
o Source of gravity
o All mass has gravity – bigger masses attracts smaller masses.
o Total mass increase – attracts even more mass
o It becomes a small ball and grow bigger
o When it reach a specific size it will get hot of all the friction and lights up
o Most facts support the hypothesis of scientists
o But some planets like Venus contradict it.
o Scientists think Jupiter is close to become a star.
Question 1-4 Page 88
Think like a scientist page 89 – 90 Question 1 -4
Movement in space WALT
The Sun WILF
o Largest mass in our Solar System – Most mass
o Its mass is 330 000 times greater than Earth’s mass
o Its more than all planets added together
o Earth’s gravity is 9.8N/kg
o Sun’s gravity is 270N/kg
The Sun’s Gravity WILF
o 27 times stronger than Earth’s gravity
o It holds the planets in their orbits
o Gravity becomes weaker over distance
Orbits of Planets
o Orbits of the planets are almost circular
o Forces causing it to turn
o Forces acts towards the sun
o Mercury is closest to the Sun – Strongest pull from Sun’s gravity
o Causes Mercury to have the highest speed around the Sun
170 000km/h
Speed in Space
o All objects on Earth has forces acting on them to slow it down – Air resistance
o Air resistance act in opposite direction.
o More speed – more resistance
o In space there is no air – and little particles
o Vacuum – place with no particles
o Planets move in vacuums so they won’t slow down
Energyn
Energy must be changed or transferred to do an action.
Many ways to be stored or transferred.
Energy can not be destroyed or created.
Storing energy
Chemical energy stores easily and can be stored for a long time.
o Battery
o Rice
o Coal
Gravitational energy can also be stored for a long time
o Bottle on a shelve
o Anything that needs to come to the ground due to gravity
Thermal (heat) energy can’t be stored for long.
o Fire
o Warm oven
Kinetic energy also difficult to store
o Running
o Rolling ball
Question 1 – 5 page 109
Changes in energy
Energy must be transferred to change in order to do something.
o Burning wood – chemical energy change to thermal energy.
Thermal energy is then transferred to the pot and then to the food.
o Walking takes chemical energy from food and is transferred into
kinetic energy for movement
Questions 1-3 page 114
Where does energy go?
Useful and wasted energy
Questions 1-4 Page 119-120
Check your progress page 125-126
