Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
INDEX
Chapter Numbers Topics Page Number
1 Introduction 3-5
2 Reviews of Literature 6-
3 Methods
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Life satisfaction is a measure of a person's well-being, assessed in terms of mood,
relationship satisfaction, achieved goals, self-concepts, and self-perceived ability to cope with
life. Life satisfaction involves a favorable attitude towards one's life, rather than an
assessment of current feelings.
There are a few theories about life satisfaction among which the two are:
1. Bottom-up theories: Life satisfaction as a result of satisfaction in the many domains of
life.
2. Top-down theories: Life satisfaction as an influencer of domain-specific satisfaction
(Heady, Veenhoven, & Wearing, 1991).
According to bottom-up theories, we find fulfillment in a variety of areas of life,
including employment, relationships, family and friends, personal growth, and health and
fitness. Our total level of life satisfaction is the result of how satisfied we are with each of
these aspects of our existence.
Top-down theories, on the other hand, contend that our level of life satisfaction as a
whole affects (or perhaps dictates) our level of life satisfaction across a wide range of
domains. Although there is still room for disagreement on this point, most people are satisfied
with the knowledge that overall life satisfaction and satisfaction in a variety of life areas are
intertwined.
Life satisfaction varies from country to county. According to studies on the variation
in life, living conditions have a significant impact on average life satisfaction among different
nations. In other words, economically developed nations tend to have higher average life
happiness than less developed ones. Likewise, countries with better job prospects tend to
have higher life satisfaction than those with high unemployment rates (Helliwell, Layard, &
Sachs, 2017). Moreover, life satisfaction tends to be higher in egalitarian countries.
Education is an intriguing factor to consider as well. Based on the variation between
countries, it would appear that societies with higher levels of education typically report
higher levels of contentment. It's noteworthy to observe that for individuals, education has a
greater impact on life satisfaction when fewer people in that person's country have attained
that degree of education.
Overall, life satisfaction is very important. It not only makes us happier and more content but
it also benefits our health and wellbeing. According to research, aspects associated
with health, such as chronic illness, sleep issues, pain, obesity, smoking, anxiety, and
physical activity are all substantially correlated with life satisfaction (Strine, Chapman,
Balluz, Moriarty, & Mokdad, 2008). It is obvious that life happiness and health go hand in
hand; if you grow or improve one, the other will probably follow shortly after. The
relationship may go both ways also.
In addition, a recent study by Chapman University researchers discovered a link
between life satisfaction and a lower chance of death.
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
In recent days, with the advancement of technology usage of cellphones have
increased substantially. This has led to addiction among people of almost all age groups.
Mobile phone addiction is a disorder involving the urge to use their cell phone everytime or
having difficulty being away from it. It is also popularly known as “Nomophobia” or No
Mobile Phone phobia i.e., a psychological condition where a person cannot be detached from
their cellphones. Usually addiction related to mobile phones accounts for 4 basic types:-
A. Mobile social networking addiction
B. Mobile game addiction
C. Mobile information acquisition addiction
D. Mobile short-form video addiction
Studies have shown that mobile phone addiction can seriously harm a person's
physical and mental health. It has been shown to disrupt attention, harm academic
performance, reduce life satisfaction, increase depression, anxiety, and stress, and possibly
cause sleep disorders, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury.
Recent research has shown that parental influences, one of the settings around adolescents,
have a direct and indirect impact on their smartphone use, highlighting the significance of
family responsibilities. Parents, in particular, are important role models for adolescents and
influence their problematic behaviours. Teenagers who frequently witness their parents
engaging in risky behaviors assume that these actions are typical, which encourages imitation
and understates the dangers associated with such behavior. It has been discovered that
children absorb and replicate their parents' actions, which has an impact on the frequency of
smartphone use and addictive usage habits. This is especially true if parents check their
smartphones compulsively and frequently at home. In the same context, it has been
discovered that teenagers who have parents who use the Internet excessively are more
susceptible to developing an Internet addiction.
Besides, the imitation relationships are also hindered between the two generations.
Research has shown that parents who use their smartphones more frequently either take
longer to respond to their children's conduct or do not respond at all, which is detrimental to
the parent-child bond. As stated by the Parental Acceptance- Rejection Theory (PAR
Theory), also known as the IPAR Theory parenting style influences the psychological
adjustment of their children. Negative parenting attitudes such as hostile, aggressive can lead
to problematic behaviors in their children due to which their relationship gets affected and
children seek support through other means. Past research on the interaction between
parenting and adolescent smartphone addiction found that favorable parental attitudes
reduced adolescent smartphone dependency, while negative attitudes increased adolescent
smartphone dependence.
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
CHAPTER 2: REVIEWS OF LITERATURE
Life Satisfaction
1. Life satisfaction, anxiety, depression and resilience across the life span of men
Citation: Manfred E. Beutel, Heide Glaesmer, Jörg Wiltink, Hanna Marian &
Elmar Brähler (2010) Life satisfaction, anxiety, depression and resilience across the
life span of men, The Aging Male, 13:1, 32-39, DOI: 10.3109/13685530903296698
The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between life
satisfaction, anxiety, depression and aging in the male community and to identify the
impact of vulnerability factors, personal and social resources on life satisfaction and
distress. A total of 2144 German men between the ages of 18-92 were selected as the
study participants. In-home interviews with participants were conducted by qualified
interviewers. A random-route approach was used to choose the households, and each
household's target individual was also chosen randomly. The sample reflected the
male population of Germany as a whole. The findings showed that satisfaction with
health declined in the 40s and furthermore in the 50s however, importance of the
same increased in 50s. There was a gradual decrease in satisfaction as men aged with
respect to Sexuality and partnership, Income, Friendships and Leisure time. Family
life and children were more significant in the 30s and remained persistent through the
old age.
Moreover, people in their mid- life became more anxious and depressed and
there was a reduction in self-esteem and resilience as they aged. On analyzing the
results, Unemployment, depression, and anxiety are risk factors that have a
detrimental effect on quality of life and life satisfaction, particularly in midlife. They
should also take into account social and personal resources that support men in
maintaining a high degree of life satisfaction despite the challenges of aging, such as
resilience and self-esteem.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13685530903296698
2. Interpersonal Media and Face-to-Face Communication: Relationship with Life
Satisfaction and Loneliness
Citation: Hall, J.A., Dominguez, J. & Mihailova, T. Interpersonal Media and
Face-to-Face Communication: Relationship with Life Satisfaction and Loneliness. J
Happiness Stud 24, 331–350 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00581-8
According to belong theory, humans have a fundamental motivation to be
accepted into relationships with others and to be a part of social groups. This study is
framed based on this theory. The purpose of this study is to see how factors such as
communication modality, geographic proximity, and the number of close relationship
partners can be used to predict life satisfaction and loneliness. 1869 American adults
were the sample population. The sample performed four name generation tasks to
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
come up with 16 alters, resulting in 4 alters per participant. The participants were
required to report the frequency with which they communicated with each alter in the
completed year in person and through 8 interpersonal media. The results suggest that
the number of relationship partners and the frequency of face-to-face interaction are
core predictors of life satisfaction and loneliness. It was also found that people living
alone faced threats to well-being. Frequent video chat and voice call frequency were
also associated with greater life satisfaction.
https://rdcu.be/c7LyH
3. Moderating effects of gender and age on the relationship between self-esteem and life
satisfaction in mainland Chinese
Citation: Zhang, L., & Leung, J. P. (2002, April). Moderating effects of gender and
age on the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in mainland Chinese.
International Journal of Psychology, 37(2), 83–91.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00207560143000252
The current study concentrated on how gender and age affected how Chinese people
felt about themselves and how satisfied they were with their lives. 1347 mainland Chinese
people from three generations, ranging in age from 14 to 88 years, made up the participants.
They completed the Life Domain Satisfaction Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and Collective Self-
Esteem Scale. The association between overall life happiness and collective self-esteem was
shown to be greater for male participants than female participants, according to hierarchical
regression analysis. Male group members reported higher levels of life domain satisfaction
than did female group members. Individual self-esteem has a greater impact on life domain
satisfaction in elderly persons than in younger people.The impact of collective self-esteem on
life domain happiness, however, was greater in younger individuals than in older individuals.
These findings may be a reflection of social expectations and life task disparities between
younger and older, male and female individuals. To determine whether the findings apply to
other sorts of samples, particularly ones from some individualist societies, more research is
required.
4. Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Age in Women Across the LifeSpan
Citation: Borzumato-Gainey, C., Kennedy, A., McCabe, B., & Degges-White, S. (2009,
March). Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Age in Women Across the LifeSpan.
Adultspan Journal, 8(1), 29–42.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0029.2009.tb00055.x
A study of 320 women, ages 21 to 69, explored the relations among relationship status,
subjective age, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Women in married or partnered relationships
had higher levels of life satisfaction than did single women. Women in their 30s and 40s had
significantly lower levels of life satisfaction than did other age groups.
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
Mobile Phone Addiction
1. Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent
study
Citation: Parasuraman S, Sam AT, Yee SWK, Chuon BLC, Ren LY.
Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study.
Int J Pharm Investig. 2017 Jul-Sep;7(3):125-131. doi: 10.4103/jphi.JPHI_56_17.
PMID: 29184824; PMCID: PMC5680647.
The purpose of the study was to learn the mobile addiction behavior and
spread awareness on Electromagnetic Radiation(EMR) among a sample of Malaysian
population. The experiment was conducted on people aged between 18-55 years
including 173 males and 236 females. There were a total of 409 participants.
According to the study's findings, 86.8% of participants are aware of EMR, and
82.6% are aware of the risks associated with it. De Quervain's syndrome, wrist and
hand pain, and ear discomfort can all result from continuous use or exposure to EMR.
46.2% were aware of De Quervain and 1/4th of the participants were showing
symptoms of it.
Based on a behavioral analysis of smartphone usage, 66.5% of study participants are
engaged with their smartphones for longer periods of time than they should be, and
70.4% of study participants use their smartphones for longer than they should. Around
58.2% participants had a feeling of discomfort with a cell phone and couldn’t
withstand the fact that they do not have the same. The findings of the study also imply
that female participants were more conscious than male participants and were more
reliant on smartphones. Compared to male participants, female participants were more
willing to give up using smartphones if it had an impact on their daily lives.
The results of this study show that the majority of the study participants are
aware of the risks associated with mobile phones and radiation, and many of them
have developed smartphone dependence.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680647/
1. Mobile Phone Addiction and Adolescents’ Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating
Role of Mindfulness:
Citation: Yang, X., Zhou, Z., Liu, Q. et al. Mobile Phone Addiction and
Adolescents’ Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness. J Child
Fam Stud 28, 822–830 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01323-2
Previous research has shown a connection among anxiety, depression and
smartphone addiction. Uncertainty persists regarding the underlying mechanisms that
can limit these connections. The goal of the study was to determine whether
mindfulness in adolescents could mitigate the relationships between mobile phone
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
addiction and both anxiety and depression. The sample population was 1258 high
school students in China. After adjusting for gender and grade, the results of multiple
regression models showed that teen anxiety and depression were positively correlated
with mobile phone addiction. Moreover, mindfulness served to mitigate the
associations between mobile phone addiction and both anxiety and depression, with
higher associations observed in adolescents with lower levels of mindfulness. The
current study expands our knowledge of whether significant personality qualities like
mindfulness can affect the associations between mobile phone addiction and mental
health issues (such as anxiety and depression). These findings' restrictions and
possible research implications are highlighted in the study.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-018-01323-2#cities
1. The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary
behavior in adults aged 18–80:
Citation:The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and
sedentary behavior in adults aged 18–80. (2018, August 25). The Relationship
Between Cell Phone
Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Adults Aged 18–80 -
ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.044
Adults (N = 423; n = 256 females, 40–16 years old) participated in an online
survey that measured situational and overall cell phone use, physical activity, and
sedentary behavior.
81% of respondents said they normally sat down to use their phones, and the
average daily usage was 239 ±224 minutes. With regard to the "active couch potato"
problem, linear regression revealed that cell use was negatively correlated with age,
positively correlated with sedentary behavior and the physical activity by sedentary
behavior interaction term, and unrelated to either sex or physical activity. The results
of the ANCOVA showed that high cell phone users spent substantially more time
sitting (521 ±23 min/d) than low users (442 ±17 min/d), with no differences between
high and moderate users (471 ±21 min/d) or between low and moderate users.
Cell phone use was positively correlated with physical inactivity but not with
sedentary behavior and the interaction term for sedentary behavior. Implications are
discussed in the context of behavioral economics.
2. Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults
Citation: Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults. (2015, December 2).
Bedtime Mobile Phone Use and Sleep in Adults - ScienceDirect.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.037
Correlation between Life satisfaction Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction in females between
ages 30-45
The majority of the few research that examined the relationship between
smartphone use and sleep were conducted on children and teenagers. The use of
mobile phones before bed or after lights out among adults is poorly understood. In
order to better understand the connection between adult mobile phone use before bed
and sleep, a cross-sectional study was conducted.
844 Flemish adults between the ages of 18 and 94 took part in a survey
concerning their usage of electronic media and sleeping patterns.
Six out of ten respondents who carried their phone to bed did so because they had a
smartphone, which was owned by half of the respondents. In particular, longer sleep
latency, worse sleep efficiency, greater sleep disruption, and more daytime
dysfunction were strongly predicted by sending/receiving texts and/or phone calls
after lights out. The use of a mobile device before bedtime was associated with a later
self-reported rising time, a higher score for insomnia, and increased weariness. The
association between using a mobile phone before bed and feeling tired, waking up
early, and sleeping longer was considerably attenuated by age. However, it was
related to an earlier rise time and shorter sleep duration among younger respondents
( 41.5 years old and 40.8 years old, respectively); but it was related to an earlier rise
time and shorter sleep duration among older respondents (≥ 60.15 years old and ≥
66.4 years old respectively).. An increase in bedtime mobile phone use was associated
with higher weariness and later rising times.
