Detailed Notes: Software Engineering Important Topics
Software Process Models
1. Incremental Model: Develops software in increments with each providing functionality.
Advantages: Manages risk effectively, delivers partial systems quickly.
Disadvantages: Needs well-defined architecture early on.
2. Spiral Model: Combines iterative nature with risk analysis.
Advantages: Strong risk management focus.
Disadvantages: Can be complex and costly.
3. Agile Model: Emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback.
Advantages: Quick iterations, responsive to change.
Disadvantages: Requires constant communication.
Requirement Engineering
1. Tasks:
- Requirement elicitation: Gathering user needs.
- Requirement analysis: Evaluating needs for feasibility.
- Documentation: Creating Software Requirement Specification (SRS).
- Validation: Ensuring requirements meet user needs.
2. SRS Example:
Functional: 'System shall allow user login.'
Non-functional: 'System shall respond in under 2 seconds.'
Design Principles
1. Modularity: Divide the system into manageable modules.
2. Coupling: Minimize interdependence between modules.
3. Cohesion: Ensure a single, well-defined purpose for each module.
4. Architectural Design: High-level structure organizing software components.
Software Testing
1. Black Box Testing: Focuses on inputs and outputs without knowing internal logic.
2. White Box Testing: Tests internal structures using code knowledge.
3. Boundary Value Analysis: Tests edge cases.
4. Equivalence Partitioning: Divides input into valid/invalid regions for testing.
DevOps
1. Importance: Bridges gaps between development and operations teams.
2. Lifecycle:
- Plan, Develop, Build, Test, Release, Deploy, Operate, Monitor.
3. Benefits: Faster delivery, improved collaboration, and automation.
4. Challenges: Cultural shifts, tool integration, and training requirements.
Software Quality Assurance (SQA)
1. Six Sigma: Process improvement methodology to enhance quality.
2. Capability Maturity Model (CMM):
- Levels: Initial, Managed, Defined, Quantitatively Managed, Optimizing.
3. Metrics: Defects per KLOC (thousand lines of code), customer satisfaction index.
Software Maintenance and Reengineering
1. Types of Maintenance:
- Corrective: Fixing bugs.
- Adaptive: Updating for environment changes.
- Perfective: Enhancing performance.
- Preventive: Preparing for future issues.
2. Reengineering:
- Reverse engineering: Understanding existing code.
- Forward engineering: Enhancing functionality.
Project Management
1. Scheduling Techniques:
- Gantt Chart: Visual timeline for tasks.
- Critical Path Method (CPM): Identifies task sequences.
2. Risk Management:
- Identification, Analysis, Mitigation.
3. Resource Allocation: Efficient utilization of human and technical resources.
