TruHealth


Report
Really long patient name

Age: 00 Sex: <Male / Female> 


ID# : ABC123

Collected : MM/DD/YYYY | Reported : MM/DD/YYYY

Welcome to your personalized report

on Epigenetic Biomarkers

What are Epigenetic Biomarkers?

Epigenetic biomarkers are specific biological markers derived from analyzing DNA methylation patterns in

your genome. Unlike traditional blood-based metrics of your health such as serum levels, which provide a

single snapshot in time, epigenetic biomarkers uniquely offer insights into ongoing biological functions by

predicting levels of nutrients, metabolites, and other essential biochemical entities. These epigenetic

measurements are based on patterns in your DNA methylation landscape, influenced by both genetic and

environmental factors. Epigenetic biomarkers provide a more stable and comprehensive view of your health

over time, reflecting long-term exposures and trends rather than short-term fluctuations.

Epigenetic Biomarkers vs Serum Levels

Serum levels represent a direct measurement of substances in your blood at a specific point in time. These

levels can vary based on recent meals, exercise, stress, and other transient factors. In contrast, epigenetic

biomarkers are derived from DNA methylation patterns, providing a broader and more consistent indication of

health, which isn't as influenced by short-term changes. This makes epigenetic biomarkers especially useful

for understanding long-term health trends and risks.

Epigenetic biomarkers provide a more stable and comprehensive view of

your health over time, reflecting long-term exposures and trends rather

than short-term fluctuations.

The Harvard Cohort: The Data Behind TruHealth’s Analytics

Our algorithms and biomarkers are validated using data from the Massachusetts General Brigham (MGB)
Biobank, a comprehensive biorepository containing more than 130,000 high-quality samples from over

100,000 consented patients. These samples are linked to detailed EMR data, which includes the patients'

lifetime medical histories. The biobank also incorporates survey data on lifestyle, environment, and family

history. This cohort data, derived from routine healthcare visits and measured throughout the patients lives, ’
forms the basis of comparison for the epigenetic biomarkers in this report. When you see percentile
comparisons in your report, they reflect how your biomarkers align with those in this robust, diverse, and

extensively studied population.

Biomarkers Overview
This section of the Tru Health report provides a comprehensive overview of an individual’s general health and
nutrition markers, each derived from one or more epigenetic biomarkers that reflect underlying cellular health

and function. These markers are presented in a normalized percentile range, allowing for a straightforward

comparison with a reference population. A score of 0 indicates the worst outcome, representing potential

areas of concern or risk, while a score of 100 signifies the best possible outcome, highlighting areas of

optimal health. The percentile ranking provides an easy-to-interpret indication of how an individual s health ’
status compares to the broader population, offering valuable insights into their relative standing in terms of

metabolic health, immune function, inflammation, mitochondrial activity, and more. This comparison against a

carefully studied cohort gives context to these markers, enabling users to understand areas where they may

need intervention or where they are already performing well.

Biomarker Risk Score Graph Normal % Out of Range %

Critical b
Su optimal Normal
0 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 100

Nutrition
Vitamins Critical 15%

Amino Acids 85%

Methylation b
Su optimal 25%

Antioxidants 85%

Minerals b
Su optimal 85%

Healthy Fats Critical 9%

General Health Markers

Metabolic 55%

Immune Markers b
Su optimal 37%

Bone and Mineral Critical 15%

Hormonal Markers b
Su optimal 33%

Neurocognitive 70%

Microbiome b
Su optimal 21%

Inflammation b
Su optimal 40%

Stress b
Su optimal 29%

Toxins 74%

Mitochondrial Function b
Su optimal 74%

Oxidative Defense 74%

NAD + Metabolism Critical 15%

Ketones 74%

Supplements 74%

Personalized Recommendations
Personalized recommendations are generated by analyzing individual post-registration questionnaire data and
comparing key health indicators to an ideal reference population. Based on these factors, the top six

suggestions are selected to help optimize health outcomes. These recommendations focus on areas with the

greatest potential for improvement, providing practical and individualized steps to guide progress toward an

ideal health profile.

Metabolic Immun e

<Biomarker> <Biomarker>

L
< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and L
< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and
sleep for mitochondrial support.> sleep for mitochondrial support.>

<Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement>

Met h lyatio n Mic r obio m e

<Biomarker> <Biomarker>

L
< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and L
< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and
sleep for mitochondrial support.> sleep for mitochondrial support.>

<Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement>

Metabolic Metabolic

<Biomarker> <Biomarker>

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< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and L
< ifestyle Rec : Optimize circadian rhythm and
sleep for mitochondrial support.> sleep for mitochondrial support.>

<Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement> <Supplement>

Epigenetic Biomarkers 

Risk Scores

The Epigenetic Biomarkers Risk Scores section of the report provides a detailed breakdown of specific

epigenetic biomarkers derived from your epigenome, each linked to relevant risk scores and associated

biomarkers. Every epigenetic biomarker is accompanied by a concise explanation of its function in the body

and its relationship to disease or health outcomes. The optimal and suboptimal ranges for these biomarkers

vary, depending on whether the biomarker is most beneficial at high, low, or midrange levels. For biomarkers

identified as suboptimal, personalized lifestyle and supplement recommendations are provided for

improvement. Additionally, prior epigenetic biomarker values are displayed to track changes over time, offering

insight into progress and areas that may need continued attention.

There are Three Different Ranges for Each Epigenetic Biomarkers (EBPs)
In the below section, each epigenetic biomarker will be presented as your percentile when compared against

the reference population. Each epigenetic biomarker is identified by our science team as ideal when LOW,
MIDD E, or L
HIGH. When the ideal biomarker is thought to be LOW, a percentile of 0% is best. When the MIDDLE
is ideal, 50% is best. When HIGH is ideal, 100% is best.

Normal Out of Range Critically Out of Range

Example: Normal Range is LOW

Methylcobalamin Normal Methylcobalamin Out of Range

0 80 0 80

Example: Normal Range is MIDDLE

EB P Name Normal EB P Name Out of Range

20 80 20 80

Example: Normal Range is HIGH

EB P Name Normal EB P Name Out of Range

20 100 20 100

Vitamins
Vitamin A Lo w 6%
Retinol 20 100

Vitamin B2
35%
Riboflavin 20 100

Vitamin B3
35%
Nicotinamide 20 80

Vitamin B5
35%
Pantothenic Acid 20 100

Vitamin B6
26%
Pyridoxine, Pyridoxine-5’-Phosphate 20 100

Vitamin B7
35%
Biotin 20 100

Vitamin B8 Lo w 18%
Inositol, Myoinositol 20 100

Vitamin C
35%
ascorbic acid 2-sulfate 0 80

Vitamin C
35%
ascorbic acid 3-sulfate 0 80

Vitamin D Lo w 5%
Cholecalciferol 20 100

A form of Vitamin D; important for bone health and immune function.

Recommendations

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View Past Values

Vitamin E
35%
alpha-tocopherol 0 80

Amino Acids
methionine 0 80
35%

cysteine 0 80
35%

S- methylmethionine 20 100
35%

Taurine 35%
20 80

Glutamine 35%
20 100

Arginine 35%
20 100

Tyrosine 35%
20 100

L-Aspartic Acid 91%

20 80

Valine High 90%

N-carbamoylvaline 20 80

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finibus ptos curae nascetur feugiat luctus >

Recommendations

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View Past Values

Valine
35%
N- acetylvaline 20 80

Asparagine 30%
20 100

Threonine
35%
N- acetylthreonine 20 80

Glycine 5%
0 80

Carnosine
5%
N- acetylcarnosine 0 80

Cystathionine 5%
0 80

Histidine
25%
N- acetylhistidine 20 80

Citrulline 11%
0 80

MetHylation
Vitamin B2 Lo w 10%
Riboflavin 20 100

Vitamin B5 Lo w 10%
Pyridoxine (Pyridoxine-5-Phosphate) 20 100

methionine 20 80
35%

Choline 21%
0 80

Betaine 35%

Antioxidants
Vitamin A
35%
Retinol 20 100

Vitamin B2 Lo w 10%
Riboflavin 20 100

Vitamin C
35%
ascorbic acid 2-sulfate 20 100

Vitamin C
35%
ascorbic acid 2-sulfate 20 100

Vitamin E
21%
alpha-tocopherol 0 80

N-Acetyl Cysteine 35%

20 100

Carotenoids
35%
Lutein 20 100

Carotenoids
35%
Carotene diol 20 80

S-Adenosyl- Glutathione 35%

20 100

L
Acetyl- -Carnitine 35%
20 100

ergothioneine 20 100
35%

Uric Acid
35%
Urate 20 80

Minerals
Iron 35%
20 80

Iron
Lo w 10%
Transferrin 20 80

Magnesium 35%
20 80

Potassium 35%
20 80

Calcium 35%
20 80

Copper
35%
Ceruloplasmin 0 80

Healthy Fats
D HA
35%
docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3) 20 100

D A P Lo w 10%
docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3) 20 100

E A P
35%
eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n3) 20 100

Omega 3
35%
DNAm _Omega-3 20 100

Omega 6
35%
DNAm _Omega-6 20 100

Pentadecanoate 35%
20 80

Lipid Peroxidation
35%
Phospholipase A2 0 80

Lipid Peroxidation
35%
Glutathione peroxidase 20 100

Lipid Peroxidation
35%
octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC) 20 80

Metabolic Markers
HgbA1c 35%
0 80

Glucose 35%
0 80

Fat Burning Marker

Lo w 10%
Palmitoylcarnitine 20 80

Satiety Hormone Lo w 10%

DNAm Leptin 20 80

Immune Markers
White Blood Cell Count 35%
20 80

Neutrophils 35%

Lymphocyte Lo w
20 80
10%

CR P High
0 80
92%

Bone & Minerals markers

Calcium 35%
20 80

Phosphorus 35%
20 100

Magnesium 10%
20 80

Hormonal Markers
Male Hormones
35%
androsterone sulfate 20 80

Estrogens
35%
estrone 3-sulfate 20 80

Cortisol 10%
20 80

Thyroid Hormone
10%
thyroxine 20 80

D HEA
10%
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) 20 80

Neurocognitive Markers
Brain Aging Marker
35%
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) 0 80

Memory Health Protein High 85%

Neurogranin 20 80

Brain Inflammation Marker

10%
Quinolinate 20 80

Dopamine Metabolites
10%
dopamine 3-O-sulfate 20 80

Dopamine Metabolites
10%
dopamine 4-sulfate 20 80

Celll Repair Marker

10%
Transforming growth factor beta T ( GF-beta) 0 80

Brain Anti-inflammatory Protein

10%
Progranulin 0 80

Microbiome Markers
Gut + Immune Barrier
35%
Lactotransferrin 20 80

Bacterial Toxin Indicator

High 85%
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 0 80

Phenylalanine Dysbiosis Marker

10%
Phenylacetylglutamine 20 80

Gut-Brain Health Marker

10%
Indoleacetate 20 80

Inflammation Markers
CR P 15%
0 80

L6
I - High
0 80
85%

Oxidative Stress Marker

26%
Methionine sulfone 20 80

Serum amyloid A-1 protein 10%

0 80

Stress Markers
Cortisol 35%
20 80

D HEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 
 Lo w 15%
20 100
(DHEA-S)

Adrenal Activity Marker

10%
VMA 20 80

Chronic Stress Marker

10%
Kynurenine 20 80

Toxins
PFAS (Forever Chemicals) High 84%
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) 0 80

PFAS (Forever Chemicals)

35%
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) 0 80

Acrolein (Pollution & Smoking)

35%
(
S- 3-h ydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid (HPMA) 0 80

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

(Air Pollution) 35%

0 80
2-hydroxyfluorene sulfate

Pesticides High 90%

Glyphosate 0 80

Mitochondrial Function
Energy Balance Marker
35%
Dynamin-1-like protein (DRP1) 0 80

AT P synthase (Enzyme)
35%
AT P synthase subunit beta (ATP5B) 0 80

Energy Transport Protein

Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha 35%
20 80
(ETFα)

r
Energy- egulating Enzyme
35%
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 20 80

Oxidative Defense
Myeloperoxidase M ( PO) 35%
0 80

R OS Production Marker
35%
Cytochrome b-245 NAD ( PH oxidase 2) 0 80

Oxidative Stress Indicator

35%
Methionine sulfone 20 80

Oxidative Damage Indicator

35%
Allantoin 0 80

Cellular stress protector

35%
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) 20 80

NAD+ Metabolism
Byproduct marker 35%
N1- methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) 0 80

Nicotinamide 35%
20 80

Nicotinamide riboside 35%

20 80

1-MNA NAD ( + Metabolite)

35%
1-Methylnicotinamide 0 80

Ketones
Beta Hydroxybuterate
35%
3-hydroxybutyrate B ( HBA) 20 80

Acetoacetate 35%
20 80

Supplements
alpha-ketoglutarate 35%
20 80

Spermidine 35%
20 80

palmitoyl ethanolamide 35%

20 80

creatine 20 80
35%