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Unit Mo! 3 Proce Manage mend
cos: Bxecrte process comms to exeoute pancess
—
a
= Manage mend opexations
. “Toto! Marke + 14
[Ha buss
— t
ProcesS- prncecs clube Process Cand ) Bloc e
——fntess sthediling< shedilingqusue hdl tnd
memory syctemn mersage pascing c mn
Threads- Renifils, users 4. kernel thyeads, muldithe acing
models - many do one, one do one, many ds mony
Execute process (ammaods— ps, sani leep, emit kill
Process
ocess ic cL pang sceun cu
called acolo tack x unit af work: |
Different pencess coher as folio:
Je New. 2: Ready 3: Running Awaiting 4 Tevminate
1 New) ) Terminale
admbied
“nberra PE Yi
ays
Ready fuaning
So .
Zlo_nx. cispateh, D0 oy eveol
event wae
Pomaletion
walking
J
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—_sdole. the process isin job peal
2.
when the pwncess is landed \ndo the main mem:
fai cently fore 2 euthion Ty this abe she :
————_-prncess_1s_cameise waiting Soom perat-e-sser_allneatien:—
4) uoalhin - =
——____sudhena process. i¢_m_execubinn, Th may —wequest fax
Zlo_vesoune: +f jhe vesourte |s not availa ble “pancess
goes into the tating She shen dhe Mecouece jg __
available the prncess_gnes_hack to meady Stabe __
3) Texminate ole: - _
sohen the process completes bs ex
nia tbe terminated _ cdate tin ths dicke sanaty: alll
toy the process ‘Is yeleased:
—Lerecessontaal lok}
ta_steuctuse that contains |nformedion af the —
tess related do ite
known a3 task contro) _] bck or —____—
af dhe. process dable eke» = :
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i | Process number
: Program Counter
. 4 : Registers
ES : Memory limits
Ut of open files
I—~ 7 5 areata 7
—
—In_geneca\ PCO Contain inSormation sreacreding =
4
£85 Numb-ere:
—i - :
ee process is identified by (4s process number caller
aden Neetion NM (
PED which 'g ornvided hy OS:
sy ‘i ethal | of prion:
nsvecponds to the relative importance of the sven
that ib vices Process omiovrity je the prefe sence
atthe one smotess over other pmmcets for -execeHan
2) process state
= This joformatlan fs absut the umreot slate of the proces.
4) _S-coq-carn counter
i ontat 4
exeruted fan thi Protess-
B) CPU Peaishers,
COU regivters vary tn number L type depending upan
Ess: the computer Getteclures. These included inde: _sr | hong tems - Mediury erry Shoyt tere
No | schedutay Schedulay + || schedulay
> fe tsa sob Tt is Processs [4 Ysa CPU
Schedulay S@aPPing schedutay] Schedulay
2 | Tt selects Process-[Tt selects a Tt ‘Seles Processes
25 From Job Pool Ond| Process fromm Prony ‘ready queue
| [loads therm into [swapped — oud [ehith ave red¥ Fo
memory Foy Process. execute and olocete
execu ion « i cpy to one of ther
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il
-
Is)
| ACCESS -Icb Pos): and |Access, Process From access. ready dueue =
ready queue. [swapped out Prowess | and CPU
queue. -
4) [ze executes PUGH [TE executed Bhen- [Frequently select a new
ess Frequenty waheo | ever swapped queue Process For the Cpu, oF
reatly queue has | ntoins a swapped jeast once every 100
SPuce 4p accoromod=| owt process: milligeconds
otenew Process. | °
5) |SPeed Is less then |SPeed.Isin belween | Speed Is fast
Sherk terry Schedule| both Short and tong ;
I u term Scheduling. —
9 It)s almost absent] Te is a Part of time PIbis also minimal 19
ox minima) in time | shaving Suse. | lejme Sharing systeny.
Sharing system Y ut
3 [Zecentvels the | = eices the [Zt Provides less ex
(onto! over degree. of
multi Programmi
cresumed Promo the Same Pohok at « a later Hae. | Using
this technique a conte switcher ¢ enables you)tiple
is an essenhal F Pack ofa mall FBaSkeiog, oPenraubing.
> _systern Features. when the. Schedulay ¥. Seoltches tHe
CPO Fm eteuting one Process to execute another,
the 1 Context swltchey Saves the contemb of all Processor
“registers for the process beign removed Prom the
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=< GP) in 1S Procesg deSoni Pior» The Context ofa proceae
\s represented in the Process Control block of a preg.
Context ofa Saitch time is Pure ovexhead +
— Context Switching can significantly affect Peformance]
as modern Computers havea lorof Aeneral and status
registers +0 be saved.
— content switching times are highly dependent on
hardware Suppost+ :
[Process © OpondinSpstern foes |
_ Exeotking Vy Foleuuplo Systemcal | cy
5 Sive Stake tote FCRs0] \ idle
= oe
[| Reload shhe-fromPcBi aes
7idle
Sntecruph ar System cal)
\ Save. detente eB
°
| Keloast tien
fa:
f
Exewl\io —
CELIA
z
fb
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_——communiegtion (2P6) mechanism shad: will_allaso >
_______-them do eveban ge. d ata & Thformation
|e There ame 4en0 methods of ERC 1 ene
Seeger
D_shaxel_Memort
Process A oe occa |
4
a Shared il -
| _ Pncess 8 eae eee
I went ——
I i
fe ie elias Soe
——— inthis, alll peracease who coantto communicate wlth
——___—_pther “psacease? cain acess dhe —eq109_.of the
———____memasy, —esiding to a9 dddvess Space of co pmocers
————creaing .a_ shared Memory seqmepd |
= All the _procetses using the shavedl memos Seqment _
——___show])d attach do the addwess Spare_ofthe shared
memory All tbe processes can exchange the
———___ information. by reading hoviting dada to shared —
memory Segment: =a =
———=-The form of data & loeetfon oe delermined by —
Bet dhege Orestes who ent do ommunicete with’ —
ch_otber: ‘These processes ame not in
wa SS _=
es_are_also_wesponsible far enareing —
dal
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os : eal 5 ;
ts
__ assistance of kernel,
2) Message
Facsing:
— abi nal oman! c Ne
to behween © ear Psncesses.
eee ce clsts processes ron}:
—__thelr_achion without bavi esos)
——=Th_}s particularly useful tn Bistdhubed Snvirenmend
————uhea_cmmunitation process may reside an
SS ote merece J
= Communication
coding & wereiving
each Gther must bave a Cominunicabion Links A
befween them:
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(rie a lgbhootghl proces As baste. woth: of cep
1 uiizalion — od Serre sae He
=A doradthiona) (or berry. wrelgh- cess
heed o&_conpeo of |
of contsn), Tt can.de more than_one dack at atime.
=“ is_becase theme core situation in hich itis __
desireable to baverulHple theends of contro) $o__
_——__thé_spa_same address. space, running as tpugh
|_____they-svewe Separmete. Processes. sen eee eee
“ese el al]
is (stek]]
|
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