Chapter - 2

Tissues

In Text Questions-Pg-69

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Q. 1 What is a tissue?

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Ans.: Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform that same
function is called a tissue. E.g., phloem, xylem, blood are examples of

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tissue.

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Q.2 What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?

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Ans.: In multicellular organisms, cells become specialised to perform
different functions. Similar cells group together to form tissue for eg.
muscular tissue. These tissues perform specific functions, for example,

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nerve cells carry messages, muscular tissues cause movement, blood
flows to transport oxygen etc. Thus, tissues in multicellular organisms

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show division of labour.

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D o In Text Questions-Pg-74

Q. 1 Name three types of simple tissues.

Ans.: A simple tissue is made up of only one type of cells. There are
three types of simple tissues in plants are:
1) Parenchyma
2) Collenchymas
3) Sclerenchyma

Q.2 Where is apical meristem found?

Ans.: The apical meristem occurs at the growing tips of roots and shoots

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and increases the length of the stem and root.

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Q.3 Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut ?

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Ans.: Husk of a coconut is made up of sclerenchymatous fibres.

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Q.4 What are constituents of phloem?

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Ans.: Phloem is a conducting or vascular tissue of the plants. Phloem is
made up of four types of elements: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
fibres and phloem parenchyma.

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Q. 1 Name the tissue responsible for the movement in out body.

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Ans.: Muscular tissue is a contractile tissue made up of muscles. This

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tissue is responsible for movement in our body.

Q.2 What does a neuron look like?

Ans.: The cells of the nervous tissue are called nerve cells or neurons. A
neuron or nerve cell is structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue
(brian, spinal cord and nervous). It consists of cell body which has
cytoplasm and a nucleus. Cell organelles such as golgi apparatus,
mitochondrial, etc are also present in the cyton. Each neuron has a single
long part, called the axon and many short, branched parts called dendrites
which help transfer signal from one nerve cell to another.

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Q. 3 Give three features of cardiac muscle.
Ans. : The features of cardiac muscle are:

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(i) These muscles are involuntary.

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(ii) Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical, branched and uninucleate.

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(iii) These show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.

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Q.4 What are functions of areolar tissue?
Ans.: Areolar tissue is a connective tissue which fills the space inside the
organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues.

D o Exercise Pg-79

Q. 1 Define the term “tissue”.

Ans.: Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform same
function is called a tissue. E.g., phloem, xylem, blood are examples of
tissue.
Q.2 How many types of elements together make up the xyle tissue?
Name them.
Ans.: Xylem is a conducting or vascular tissue of the plants. It consists
of four types of elements: (i) Tracheids (ii) Vessels; (iii) Xylem
parenchyma; (iv) Xylem fibres.

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Q.3 How are simple tissue different from complex tissue in plants?
Ans :
[Link].
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simple tissue complex tissue

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1. Composed of a single type Composed of more than one

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of cells type of cells
2.

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Protective and supportive in
function

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The function is conduction of
water, minerals and food

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products to different parts of the
body
3. They are widely distributed they’re found in some parts of

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throughout the plant body. the plant body:Their distribution
in restricted.

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4. Present in almost all parts of Present in vascular regions of
the plant the plant.
5.

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collenchyma and
Two types: Xylem and phloem

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sclerenchyma

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Q.4 Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchymas and
sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
Ans.: The differences between cell walls of parenchyma, collenchymas
and sclerenchyma are:
parenchyma collenchymas sclerenchyma
Cell wall is thin Cell wall is thick at The cell wall is thick
corners. reducing cellular
gaps.
Cell wall is Primary. Cell wall is primary. Cell wall is
secondary.
Cell wall made up of Cell wall is made up Cell wall is thick due
cellulose. of cellulose. to deposition of
lignin.

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Q. 5 What are the functions of the stomata?

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Ans.: Stomata perform following functions:

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(i) They allow exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) with atmosphere.

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(ii) They help in the process of transpiration.

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Q.6 Diagrammatically show the difference in three types of muscle

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firbes.
Ans.: The three types of muscle fibres are:

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(i) Striated muscle

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(b) Unstriated muscle
(c) Cardiac muscle:

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Q. 7 What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

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Ans.: It is cardiac muscles which are exclusively present in the wall of

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heart. It contracts and relaxes continousely with a rhythm, but it never

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gets fatigued.

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Q.8 Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on

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the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.

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Ans.: Differences between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles are
as follows:

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Striated Muscle Unstriated Muscle Cardiac Muscle

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These are voluntary These are These are
muscles. involuntary muscles. involuntary in

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action.
Striated muscles are They are found in They are found in
present in our limbs alimentary iris of the the wall of heart.
and join the bones eye, uterus and
bronchi of the lungs.
 The cells are long, The cells are long The cells are
cylindrical, with pointed ends cylindrical,
unbranched and (spindle-shaped) and branched and
multinucleate. uninucleate. uninucleate.

Q.9 Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.

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Ans.:

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A A N
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Q. 10 Name the following
(a) Tissue that forms inner of our month.

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(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.

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(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.

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(d) Tissue that stores fat in out body.

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(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Ans.: (a) Squamous epithelium forms inner of our mouth.
(b) Tendon connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Phloem is a conducting tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Adipose tissue stores fat in out body.
(e) Vascular tissue (Blood and lymph)
(f) Nervous tissue present in the brain.

Q. 11 Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree,

bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Ans.: Skin - Epithelial tissue (squamous epithelium);

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Bark of tree - Cork (protective tissue);

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Bone – Skeletal connective tissue;

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Lining of kidney tubules - Cuboidal epithelial tissue;

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Vascular bundle - Complex permanent tissue_xylem and phloem.

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Q.12 Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Ans.: Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue which is present in the

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soft parts of plants such as: cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in
primary stem and root.

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Q.13 What is the role of epidermis in plants?

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Ans.: Epidermis forms the entire outermost layer of the plant. It acts as
a protective tissue and protects the plant from excessive heat or cold and

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attack of parasitic bacteria and fungi. Stomata present on epidermis help
in gaseous exchange and transpiration.

Q.14 How does cork act as a protective tissue?

Ans.: The cork cells are dead and compactly packed without intercellular
spaces. Their cell walls are coated with suberin (a waxy substance) which
makes these impermeable to water and gases. Thus, the cork proctects
underlying tissue from loss of water, infection and mechanical injury.

Q.15 Complete the table :

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Ans.:

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