Good day, class!
So, before we proceed to a new topic/discussion, I have a word puzzle here. You have to put a
line in the word that you have see here on the chart.
After finishing the word puzzle, can you please read the words that you have underline/seen to
the word puzzle
Can you all please read the words we got from the word puzzle?
Okay, very good! The words that we get are Earthquake, volcano, intensity, lava, magma,
magnitude.
So, I let you answered the word puzzle because our topic for today is all about earthquake and
volcanic eruption
Now,
I will be grouping you into two groups, so start counting from 1 to 2.
Everyone who gets 1 will be in group 1(right side of the classroom), and everyone who gets 2
will be in group 2(left side of the room).
Before starting the activity, I want you to work together with your group and look at the guided
question in the **KNOW** part of the KWL chart. Brainstorm with your group and write down
everything you already know about volcanic eruptions or earthquakes in the **KNOW** section
based on your prior knowledge.
After listing everything you know, think of questions or things you want to learn more about
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. Write these in the **WHAT** section. Once you've finished
listing your questions, you can start the experiment. Observe carefully and pay attention to what
happens during the activity.
When you're done, complete the **LEARN** part by writing down your reflections and what you
learned from the experiment. Lastly, someone from your group will present the completed KWL
chart after finishing the task.
Okay, let's start!
Are you already? Can we present the work of group 1?
Can someone in the group 2 present their work?
Okay, good job for both group you all done well!
You might be thinking why I let you do that activity, it’s because our topic for today is all about
Changes on Earth’s Surface as a Result of Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption. You have
encountered familiar words we have on the word puzzle chart and the unfamiliar words. You
haven’t known yet, and now you are going to know that.
First let's talk about The Earth and Its Changes
The Earth might look peaceful and quiet from the outside, but it’s actually very active inside.
Inside our Earth, there are different layers, and sometimes they move. When these layers shift
or move, it can cause something called an earthquake.
You might be thinking how they know things like this it is because people who studies the
Earth?
-Geologists are scientists who study the Earth. They learn about the solid rocks, the liquids, and
even the gases that make up the Earth. Geologists don’t always see these things directly, so
they use clues and tools to understand the Earth better.
Did you also know that earth has layers?
The Earth has three main layers which the Crust, Mantle, inner and outer core
1. Crust – This is the outer layer, where we live. It’s the thinnest layer, only 5 to 100 kilometers
thick, which is like the skin of an apple.
2. Mantle – This layer is under the crust and goes down about 2,900 kilometers. It’s much
thicker than the crust and makes up most of the Earth’s mass.
3. Core – The core is the center of the Earth. It has two parts:
- Outer Core: This part is liquid and made of metals like iron and nickel.
- Inner Core: This is a solid ball, also made of iron, and it’s very, very hot!
There are Landforms on Earth that changes too because of the movement inside the earth
There are highlands like mountains and hills and lowlands like valleys and flat areas, while in
the ocean the shallow shores and deep trenches, and these landforms can change over time
due to things like earthquakes and volcanoes.
So what is Earthquakes bakit niya nagagawang baguhin o pagalawin ang earth?
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth’s crust. It happens when rocks in the Earth’s crust
break or move. There are two main parts of an earthquake:
- Focus: This is the spot underground where the rocks first start to slip or break.
- Epicenter: This is the place on the surface directly above the focus, where we feel the most
shaking. This is where the shaking is strongest
There are Types of Earthquakes the tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes
1. Tectonic Earthquakes These happen when two huge plates of Earth’s crust suddenly move
against each other.
2. Volcanic Earthquakes: These happen near volcanoes, like Mt. Mayon or Mt. Taal in the
Philippines.
Now let's talk about Who Studies Earthquakes?
The Seismologistsare scientists who study earthquakes. They use a tool called a seismograph
to record the movement of the ground.
Measuring Earthquakes
- Magnitude: This tells us the energy released by the earthquake. It’s measured on a scale
called the Richter Scale.So, nasusukat kung gaano kalakas o gaano katindi yung lakas ng
earthquake using Richter scale magnitude. It was created yr 1935 by American seismologist
Charles F. Richter.
- Intensity: This is the amount of damage caused by the earthquake, which can be measured on
the Modified Mercalli Scale (using Roman numerals from I to XII, showing light shaking to major
destruction).
Pero pag yung damage naman na na cause ng lindol ang susukatin, that is what you call
INTENSITY.
INTENSITY ay ginagamitan ng Modified Mercalli Scale para masukat. MMS was invented by
the Italian scientist Giuseppe Mercalli. Yung pagsukat or paggamit sa Mercalli scale ay base sa
damage or pinsala na dinulot nung earthquake sa Isang Lugar. So yung damage na nacecreate
ng lindol ay iba iba depende sa Lugar kung gaano kalapit sa epicenter or pinagmulan ng lindol
tsaka kung gaano ba katibay yung structures na nakatayo sa Lugar na yon.
Effects of Earthquakes
- Ground Shaking: The ground vibrates, and this can cause things to fall or break.
- Landslides: Earthquakes can make rocks and soil slide down hills.
- Liquefaction: Sometimes, the ground acts like liquid, causing buildings to sink or collapse.
- Tsunamis: Underwater earthquakes can create huge waves called tsunamis, which can be
very dangerous.
Bakit nga ba madalas magkaroon ng earthquake and other natural phenomenon sa Pilipinas? It
is because of the The Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire- The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is a region around
the Pacific Ocean where a lot of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions happen. This area is
shaped like a horseshoe and is filled with tectonic plate boundaries, where plates constantly
move and interact with each other. That's why Philippines is phone in earthquakes and volcanic
activities.
So, now let's talk about the Volcanoes
A volcanois an opening in the Earth’s crust where melted rock, ash, and gas can come out..
There are Parts of a Volcano
- Ash: Small pieces of rock that blast into the air during eruptions.
- Inside the volcano is hot, melted rock called magma, which stays in a place called the magma
chamber until it erupts.
When magma comes out of a volcano, it’s called lava. When lava cools, it becomes solid rock
Crater: The bowl-shaped opening at the top of the volcano.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
- Explosive Eruptions: These throw out ash, rocks, and lava with great force.
- Non-Explosive Eruptions: These are quieter, with lava just flowing out. Ito naman yung hindi
sumasabog or calm lang na volcanic activity pero patuloy na nagfoflow palabas yung lava
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Effects of Volcanic Eruptions
Primary Effects:
- Lava flows and pyroclastic flows (hot gas, ash, and rock). Sympre pagsumabog yung volcano,
mga maiinit na bato, together with ash nagtatalsikan yan kung saan-saan and napupunta or
nalalanghap ng mga tao)
Secondary Effects:
- Lahars: Mudflows made from water, ash, and rock.
- Gases: Some gases, like sulfur or chlorine, are harmful to breathe.
- Landslides and Flooding: Eruptions can also lead to flooding and landslides, damaging
buildings and affecting water and food supplies.
So, even though Earth seems quiet, it’s always moving and changing on the inside. By studying
earthquakes and volcanoes, we learn more about our planet and how to stay safe.
Now let me ask you class, what are you going to do when Earthquake suddenly occurs? Who
would like to answer?
