05:00 AM

Rizal gets up early

June 26, 1892 07:30 AM

Jose Rizal's arrival in Manila after his second trip to He had his breakfast
Europe
12:00 NN
July 3, 1892 Lunch Time
He established La Liga Filipina in Tondo, Manila.
01:00 PM
July 6, 1892 Teaching the boys and farming.
He was arrested by Spanish authorities and imprisoned
in Fort Santiago.

Careers and Contributions

● for publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books
and articles;. ★ He opened an eye clinic for the poor, some of his
patients came from different parts of the
● for having in possession, a bundle of Pobres country and from Hong Kong.
Frailes.

● for dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the

three “traitors”. ★ Rizal made a big relief map of Mindanao in the
plaza and used it to teach geography. This helps
● for denouncing Filipino’s Catholicism and the people to visualize and identify the position
nationalism. of Dapitan relative to other places in Mindanao.

On July 17 ★ Together with his students, they constructed a

waterworks system to supply the town with
Rizal arrived in Dapitan on board the steamer Cebu.
water for irrigation and drinking.

Dapitan that time was ★ He drained the marshes of Dapitan to get rid of
A remote town in Mindanao that served as a politico-military malaria-carrying mosquitoes. He also provided
outpost of Spaniards in the lighting system – coconut oil lamps posted in
Philippines. dark streets – in the province out of what he
earned from being a physician.
Four years of solitude
The quiet place in Dapitan became his home from 1892 to
1896. ● Rizal established a school in Dapitan, attended by
16 young boys from prominent families.
Capitan Ricardo Carnicero
Headed the military at Dapitan, he became a friend of Rizal ● He taught them reading, writing in English and
during his exile. Spanish, geography, history, mathematics,
industrial work, nature study, morals and
sports.
The winning number
Rizal, together with Carnicero and another Spaniard, won a ● With no formal rooms, he conducted classes
lottery ticket. His share of the winnings amounted to P6,200. from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m

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 ★ With his boys, they explored the jungles and
searched for specimens which he sent to Romantic Affair with Ms. J
museums in Europe, particularly in Dressed
Museum.

★ In return, scientific books and surgical From Hongkong, she arrived in Dapitan in February 1895
instruments were delivered to him from the with his blind foster father,
European scientists. George Taufer, and a Filipina named Manuela Orlac.

★ He developed studies about the different Shortly after they met, he articulated his feelings in this
species that could be found in Dapitan. poem:
1. Draco rizali – flying dragon
2. Apogonia rizali – small beetle To Josephine
3. Rhacophorus rizali – rare frog Josephine, Josephine
Who to these shores have come
Looking for a nest, a home,
Like a wandering swallow;
If your fate is taking you
To Japan, China or Shanghai,
Don't forget that on these shores
A heart for you beats high.

“You will receive a small quantity of salted fish that was

prepared by the person who lives in my house. She is good,
obedient, and submissive. We lack nothing, except that we are
not married, but as you yourself say: It is better to live in the
grace of God than being married in mortal sin. Until now we
have not quarreled and when I advise her, she does not
answer back. If you come and accept her I expect that she will
get along with you. Besides, she has nobody in the world
except me. I am all her kinsfolk."

Katipunan seek Rizal’s Advice

As a representative to Dapitan who will inform Rizal of

their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards.

Rizal outspokenly objected Bonifacio's “premature” idea

for two reasons:

1. The Filipinos were not ready for a bloody

revolution, and the Katipunan lacked the
necessary resources.

2. Valenzuela told Rizal about their plan to rescue

him in Dapitan, but Rizal disagreed because he
didn't want to break his word to the Spanish
authorities.

A favor to Ferdinand Blumentritt

● He was informed him of the situation in Cuba and
suggested that he volunteer himself as army
doctor

December 17, 1895

● Rizal sent a letter to Governor General Ramon
Blanco rendering his service for Cuba.

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July 2, 1896
● When Rizal received a letter from Governor
Blanco accepting his offer.
1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised
Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise in
July 31, 1896 revolution.
● At midnight, Jose Rizal left Dapitan on board the
steamer España. 2. He did not correspond with the radical,
revolutionary elements.
and so, farewell Dapitan…
3. The revolutionists used his name without his
knowledge. If he were guilty, he could have
escaped in Singapore.

4. If he had a hand in the revolution, he could have

November 20, 1856 escaped in a Moro vinta and would not have built
➢ Rizals’ severe five-day preliminary investigation a home, a hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan.
began.
5. If he were the chief of the revolution. Why has
not he consulted by the revolutionists?
Colonel Francisco Olive
➢ Presiding judge advocate during Rizal’s 6. It was true he wrote the by-laws of the Liga
preliminary trial Filipina, on this a civic association --- not an
evolutionary society.
He was accused of rebellion, sedition, and
7. The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the
conspiracy first meeting he was banished to Dapitan and it
➢ Supported with written and oral evidences, Rizal died out.
was found guilty of the following.
8. If the Liga was reorganized nine months later,
he did not know about it.

9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of the

Provided the final verdict for Rizal’s preliminary trial revolutionists, otherwise they would not have
supplanted it with the Katipunan.
1. the accused be immediately brought to TRIAL.
10. If it were true that there were some bitter
2. he should be kept in PRISON. comments in Rizal's letters, it was because they
were written in 1890 .
3. an order of attachment be issued against his
property to the amount of ONE MILLION PESOS as 11. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the
indemnity; politico-military commanders and missionary
priests could attest.
4. he should be defended in the court by an army
officer, NOT by a civilian lawyer. 12. It was not true that the revolution was inspired
by his one speech.
Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade
➔ He was the brother of Rizal’s guard in Calamba, December 26, 1896
Don Luis Taviel de Andrade.
● The unjust military court decision was given to
➔ He was Rizal’s lawyer who tried to save Rizal. Governor General Camilo G. de Polavieja who
asked for the judgment of Judge Advocate
General Nicolas de laPena who confirmed the
December 26, 1896 death verdict.
➔ In the Cuartel de Espana, a military building,
Rizal’s final trial commenced.
December 28, 1896
● Governor General Camilo G. de Polaviejasigned
the court-martial’s decision to execute Jose
Rizal.

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 Consumatum est!

Preparen
Apunten
● On December 29, 1896, Jose composed his last Fuego
poem, Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). He was
able to gave the poem to his sister Trinidad. Tiro De Gracia

Viva Espana!
Marcha de Cadiz

● At 7:03 AM he was shot in the back by a firing

squad. He hesitated, turned halfway around to
December 29, 1896 face his executioners, and fell on his back to
● Rizal was informed about the decision; he will be face the Philippine sun.
executed by firing squad at 7:00 AM of December
30.

Rizal was buried without a coffin, Rizal's

sister, Narcisa, went to all the cemeteries of Manila
looking for the remains in vain.

R.P.J
➢ She gave the gravedigger some money and
placed a plaque with the initials of her brother in
reverse, R.P.J., which means Rizal, Protacio
Jose.

August 1898
➢ Rizal's sister Narcisa asked permission from the
new authorities to exhume the remains of Rizal.

1911, Paco Cemetery

➢ Rizal’s remains were transferred from the Paco
Cemetery to the base of the monument which
had earlier been erected at the Luneta
● At 6:30 a.m. on 30 December 1896, Jose Rizal,
bound elbow-to-elbow, left Fort Santiago by
foot for Bagumbayan field, accompanied by a
bugler, a drummer, his defense counsel, and two
Jesuit priests.

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 Jose Rizal is the country’s well-known
national hero but nonetheless belongs
to the unofficial national symbol
category.

● According to Dr. Esteban De

Ocampo, no other Filipino Hero can
surpass Rizal.

● From the various representations of Rizal as a

national symbol, one may learn significant ideals
and principles that may be of good use in
everyday life.

● A mythological or legendary figure often of

divine descent endowed with great strength or Nationalism
ability ● It involves the desire to attain freedom and
political independence, especially by a country
● An illustrious warrior under a foreign power.

● One who shows great courage Patriotism

● Denotes proud devotion and loyalty to one’s
● A person admired for achievements and noble nation.
qualities.
Love of Fellowmen and Parents
● Rizal advocated thinking well of our fellowmen.
His life exemplified the principle that love of
1. Bayani is not gender specific. neighbor entails involvement in his or her behalf.
2. An unselfish act towards the human race.
Devotion to Truth
3. A person with extraordinary courage or ● Rizal’s persevering search for truth in serving
bravery who ignores extreme danger and his country was a motivating virtue.
exhibits strength to overcome difficulties.
Dedication to Duty
4. A bayani is never concerned about their ● He virtually dedicated his whole life to securing
pleasure nor do they expect compensation for freedom for his country and happiness for his
what they do, rather their actions are done out people, a commitment historically unequaled in
of kindness. the history of his country.

Moral Courage
● Rizal’s courage in working for the betterment of
A Bayani is one that humbly recognizes the interest in his country, despite all odds, is a virtue that is so
what is bigger than the individual, like the group, the essential even today.
community, the nation, humanity and the environment.

Initiative
● Rizal manifested the power to act or take
charge before others do, especially in
nationalistic pursuits.

Frugality
● Rizal was careful about spending money and any
other resources and in using things when he did
not need to.

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 ● The Technical Committee, after deliberation and
careful study of the given criteria, selected the
following figures to be recommended as National
Heroes.

“Selection and Proclamation of National Heroes and Law

Honoring Filipino Historical Figures”
by the National Commission for Culture and Arts ● He was a patriot, physician, and a man of
letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine
National Movement.

● Jose Rizal’s ideals encourage Filipinos to be part

of the change.

● May Pag-asa

● Creating the National Heroes Committee Under ● A passionate warrior and revolutionary leader.
the Office of the President.
● A self-educated man who taught himself how to
● On March 28, 1993, Pres. Fidel V. Ramos issued read fluently in Tagalog and Spanish.
this EO to study and evaluate and recommend
Filipino national heroes in recognition of their
● Believes that all Filipinos are brothers and equal
sterling character and remarkable
regardless of social statures and gender.
achievements for the country.

1. Heroes are those who have a concept of nation ● Achieved independence of the Philippines from
and thereafter aspire and struggle for the Spain and was elected the first president of the
nation’s freedom. In reality, however, a new republic under the Malolos Congress.
revolution has no end. Revolutions are only the
beginning. One cannot aspire to be free only to ● Led the Philippine-American War against U.S.
sink back into bondage. resistance to Philippine independence.

2. Heroes are those who define and contribute to a

system or life of freedom and order for a
nation. Freedom without order will only lead to ● Statesman who served first as a legal and
anarchy. Therefore, heroes are those who make constitutional adviser to the First Philippine
the nation’s constitution and laws. To the latter, Republic.
constitutions are only the beginning, for it is the
people living under the constitution that truly ● He was the Brain of the Revolution.
constitute a nation.
● He served Aguinaldo’s cabinet as President of
3. Heroes are those who contribute to the quality the Council of Secretaries and Secretary of
of life and destiny of a nation. Foreign Affairs.

1. A hero is part of the people’s expression. But the ● Plaridel

process of a people’s internalization of a hero’s
life and works takes time, with the youth
● A Filipino writer, lawyer,journalist, and
forming a part of the internalization.
freemason.
2. A hero thinks of the future,especially the future
generations. ● Del Pilar did not hesitate to criticize the Spanish
government and their treatment of Filipinos.
3. The choice of a hero involves not only the
recounting of an episode or events in history, ● Spaniards feared him more than they did to Rizal.
but of the entire process that made this
particular person a hero.

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 ● Defender of Faith

● Recognized the most powerful Muslim ruler in

the Philippines

● Took 300 years to be recognized and honored

given to his very great and most valiant Muslim
leader.

● Considered one of the greatest Filipino artists.

● He is famous for his work, Spoliarium, The

Parisian Life, España y Filipina, El Pacto de
Sangre, Damas Romañas.

● His artworks are the root of a society’s

collective memory.

● She earned the names “Woman of Revolution”,

“Mother of Balintawak”, “Mother of the Philippine
Revolution” and “Tandang Sora”.

● Secret meetings of the Katipuneros were also held at

her house.

● First heroine of Ilocos, also known as Joan of Arc of

Ilocandia.

● She took over the leadership from her husband,

Diego Silang, after his assassination.

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 ● One of the most powerful forces influencing a
culture of silence among the natives was the
Spanish friars. Because of the use of force and
intimidation, unfairly using God’s name, the
Filipinos learned to submit themselves to the will
of the foreigners.
The Philippines: A Century Hence
- This essay was published serially in the Filipino
fortnightly review “La Solidaridad” of Madrid,
running through the issues from September
1889 to January 1890.

1. Keeping the people uneducated and ignorant had

failed.

2. Keeping the people impoverished also came to no

avail.

3. Exterminating the people as an alternative to

hindering progress did not work either.
● This essay forecasts the country’s future within
a hundred years. It reflected Rizal’s sentiments
about the glorious past of the Philippines, the
deterioration of the Philippine economy, and
exposed the foundations of the native Filipinos’
sufferings under the cruel Spanish rule.

● The essay started by analyzing the various

causes of the desolations suffered by the
Filipino people. 1. Using the past to understand the present thus
predicting the future.

2. Filipinos have lost confidence in their past, lost

faith in the present, and lost their hope in the
future.
● Because of such policies, the Philippine
population decreased significantly. Poverty 3. The Filipinos will still be under Spain if they
became more widespread, and farmlands were implement the freedom of the press, practice
left to wither. The family as a unit of society was human rights and the Filipinos have
neglected, and overall, every aspect of the life representation in the Spanish Cortez.
of the Filipino was retarded.
Liberty from Spaniards
and not total
separation.

● When Spain came with the sword and the cross, The Philippines will
it gradually destroyed the native Philippine remain a colony of
culture. The natives began forgetting who they Spain, but with more
were – their valued beliefs, religion, songs, laws and greater liberty.
poetry, and other forms of customs and
traditions. The Filipinos will declare
themselves
’independent’.

4. If the reforms are not implemented the spirit of

nation rises and thus a revolution is highly
positive.

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 ● Rizal shares why we must focus on strengthening the
most important backbone of the country.

● The essay serves as a reminder that we, Filipinos, are

historically persevering and strong-minded.

“The question now lies in whether or not we, Filipinos, are

truly independent”

● Failure of the family

● Educational system
● Political leaders
● National character

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