Hyperbolic Functions – Formula Sheet:
Definition of Hyperbolic Functions: Definition of Hyperbolic Functions:
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 sinh(𝑥) 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
sinh(𝑥) = tanh(𝑥) = = =
2 cosh(𝑥) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
cosh(𝑥) = coth(𝑥) = = 𝑥 = 𝑥≠0
2 tanh(𝑥) 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 1 2
sinh(𝑥) = 𝑥 + + + + . . . . . .. csch(𝑥) = = 𝑥
3! 5! 7! sinh(𝑥) 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6
cosh(𝑥) = 𝑥 + + + +. . . . . . .. 1 2
2! 4! 6! sech(𝑥) = = 𝑥
cosh(𝑥) 𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥
Exponential to Hyperbolic: Even – Odd Identities:
𝑒 𝑥 = cosh(𝑥) + sinh(𝑥) sinh(−𝑥) = − sinh(𝑥)
𝑒 −𝑥 = cosh(𝑥) − sinh(𝑥) cosh(−𝑥) = cosh(𝑥)
(𝑒 𝑥 )𝑛 = [cosh(𝑥) + sinh (𝑥)]𝑛 tanh(−𝑥) = − tanh(𝑥)
𝑒 𝑛𝑥 = [cosh(𝑛𝑥) + sinh(𝑛𝑥)] coth(−𝑥) = − coth(𝑥)
𝑒 −𝑛𝑥 = cosh(𝑛𝑥) − sinh(𝑛𝑥) csch(−𝑥) = − csch(𝑥)
1 + tanh(𝑥) sech(−𝑥) = sech(𝑥)
𝑒 2𝑥 =
1 − tanh(𝑥)
Double Angle Formulas: Pythagorean Identities:
sinh(2𝑥) = 2 sinh(𝑥) cosh(𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 (𝑥) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) = 1
cosh(2𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 (𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥)
cosh(2𝑥) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 (𝑥) − 1
cosh(2𝑥) = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) + 1 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2 (𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥)
2 tanh(𝑥) Power Reducing Formulas:
sinh(2𝑥) =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥)
cosh(2𝑥) − 1
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) =
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ (𝑥) 2
cosh(2𝑥) =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥)
cosh(2𝑥) + 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 (𝑥) =
2 tanh(𝑥) 2
tanh(2𝑥) =
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥)
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Triple Angle Formulas: Power Reducing Formulas:
sinh(3𝑥) = 3 sinh(𝑥) + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 (𝑥) sinh(3𝑥) − 3 sinh(𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 (𝑥) =
4
cosh(3𝑥) = 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 (𝑥) − 3 cosh(𝑥)
cosh(3𝑥) + 3 cosh(𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 (𝑥) =
4
Sum to Product Formulas: Product to Sum Formulas:
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 cosh(𝑥 + 𝑦) − cosh(𝑥 − 𝑦)
sinh(𝑥) + sinh(𝑦) = 2 sinh ( ) cosh ( ) sinh(𝑥) sinh(𝑦) =
2 2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 sinh(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sinh(𝑥 − 𝑦)
sinh(𝑥) − sinh(𝑦) = 2 cosh ( ) sinh ( ) sinh(𝑥) cosh(𝑦) =
2 2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 cosh(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cosh(𝑥 − 𝑦)
cosh(𝑥) + cosh(𝑦) = 2 cosh ( ) cosh ( ) cosh(𝑥) cosh(𝑦) =
2 2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 sinh(𝑥 + 𝑦) − sinh(𝑥 − 𝑦)
cosh(𝑥) − cosh(𝑦) = 2 sinh ( ) sinh ( ) cosh(𝑥) sinh(𝑦) =
2 2 2
Hyperbolic Inverse Functions: Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions:
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) 𝐷(−∞, ∞) 𝑑
[sinh(𝑥)] = cosh(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝐷[1, ∞) 𝑑
[cosh(𝑥)] = sinh(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 1+𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ln ( ) 𝐷(−1, 1) 𝑑
2 1−𝑥 [tanh(𝑥)] = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥+1
𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ln ( ) |𝑥| > 1 𝑑
2 𝑥−1 [coth(𝑥)] = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 + √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ln ( ) 𝐷(0, 1] 𝑑
𝑥 [csch(𝑥)] = − csch(𝑥) coth(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
−1 (𝑥)
1 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑
𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ = ln ( + ) 𝑥≠0 [sech(𝑥)] = − sech(𝑥) tanh(𝑥)
𝑥 |𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
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Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions: Integral of Hyperbolic Functions:
𝑑 𝑢′
[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 (𝑢)] = ∫ cosh(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = sinh(𝑢) + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 √𝑢2 + 1
𝑑 𝑢′ ∫ sinh(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = cosh(𝑢) + 𝐶
[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 (𝑢)] =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑢2 − 1
𝑑 𝑢′ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = tanh(𝑢) + 𝐶
[𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 (𝑢)] =
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑢2
𝑑 𝑢′ ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = − coth(𝑢) + 𝐶
[𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 (𝑢)] =
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑢2
𝑑 −𝑢′ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ (𝑢) tanh(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = − sech(𝑢) + 𝐶
[𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 (𝑢)] =
𝑑𝑥 𝑢√1 − 𝑢2
𝑑 −𝑢′ ∫ csch(𝑢) coth(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = − csch(𝑢) + 𝐶
[𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ−1 (𝑢)] =
𝑑𝑥 |𝑢|√1 + 𝑢2
∫ tanh(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = ln|cosh(𝑢)| + 𝐶
∫ coth(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = ln|sinh(𝑢)| + 𝐶
∫ sech(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 |sinh(𝑢)| + 𝐶
𝑢
∫ csch(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = ln |tanh ( )| + 𝐶
2
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