Microprocessor Sample Questions

Arrangement:
Term
-definition

1. Microprocessor
-is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a
single integrated circuit, or a small number of ICs.
2 aithmetic, logic and control
-The microprocessor contains the _____________ circuitry required to perform the
functions of a computer's central processing unit.
3. Intel 4004
-Intel's first commercial chip in 1971, 2300 transistors, 740 khz, execute 60k instructions
per second
4. Intel 4040
1974, 8kb of memory, 3k transistor, 500-740khz
5. Intel 8008
First Commercial 8 bit, 1972, 500khz, 50k instructions per second
6. Intel 8080
1974, 2mhz, 6k transistor, 500k instructions per second
7. Intel 8085
1976, 3Mhz, 679.2k instructions per second, 100mil copies sold, 6.5k transistor, 8kb
data bus and 16kb address bus
8. Intel 8086
1978, 4.77 or 8 or 10Mhz, 29k transistor, 1Mb of memory, 22k instructions, multiply and
divide instructions.
9. Intel 8088
1979, cheaper version of 8086, became the most popular when IBM used it for it's first
PC
10. Intel 80186 and 80188
1982, 6MHZ, additional components like; interrupt controller, clock generator, local bus
controller and counters
11. Intel 80286
1982, 8Mhz, 16Mb of memory, 134k transistor, 4mil instructions per second
12. Intel 80386
1986, 4Gb of memory, 16-33Mhz, best selling microprocessor in history
13. Intel 80486
1989, 1.2M transistor, 16-100Mhz, cache memory was first introduced with 8kb
14. Intel Pentium
1993, 80586, 4Gb of memory, 66Mhz, 110M instructions per second . cache memory:
8kb for instructions and 8kb for data
15. Intel pentium pro
1995, use in server systems, 21M transistor
16. Intel pentium 2
1997, 233-500Mhz, MMX technology, 333M instructions per second , L2 cache and
processor were on one circuit.
17. Intel pentium 2 xeon
1998, 400-450Mhz, designed for servers
18. Intel pentium 3
1999, 500Mhz to 1.4 Ghz, 9.5 mil transistor
19. Intel pentium 4
2000, 1.3 to 3.8 Ghz, 42M transistor
20. Intel dual core
2006, SMT( simultaneously multi-threading)
21. Intel core 2
2006, 1.2 to 3 Ghz
22. Intel core i7
2008, 2.66-3.33Ghz, 781M transistor
23. Intel core i5
2009, 4 physical cores, 2.40-3.60 Ghz, 781M transistor
24. Intel core i3
2010, 2 physical cores, 2.93-3.33 Ghz, 781M transistor
25. Intel 8085
It is a single chip with 40-pins
5 volts
26. microprocessor
(ALU, control unit, register) CPU
27. microcontroller
CPU, I/O ports, counter, timer, RAM, ROM
28. microcontroller
unlike microprocessor, ________ has its own memory units
29. program memory
data memory
data EEPROM
unlike microprocessor, microcontroller has its own memory units which is classified as
30. microprocessor
is used in signal processing for inside the system
31. microcontroller
is used in signal processing in order to control things
32. north bridge
memory controller hub, memory slots, graphic card slots
33. south bridge
I/o controller hub
34. compiler
is a special program that translates a programming language's source code into
machine code, bytecode or another programming language. The source code is
typically written in a high-level, human-readable language such as Java or C++.
35. assembly language
In computer programming, ________________, often referred to simply as Assembly
and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language
with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the
architecture's machine code instructions
36. machine language
is the language understood by a computer. It is very difficult to understand, but it is the
only thing that the computer can work with. All programs and programming languages
eventually generate or run programs in machine language
37. Von Neumann Architecture
consists of a single, shared memory for programs and data, a single bus for memory
access, an arithmetic unit, and a program control unit. it's processor operates fetching
and execution cycles seriously
38. Harvard Architecture
refers to a memory structure in which the processor is connected to two independent
memory banks via two independent sets of buses. In the original _____________ one
memory bank holds program instructions and the other holds data
39. bus
is a subsystem that is used to connect computer components and transfer data between
them. For example, an internal bus connects computer internals to the motherboard.
40. address bus
carries memory addresses from the processor to other components such as primary
storage and input/output devices.
41. data bus
carries the data between the processor and other components
42. control bus
carries control signals from the processor to other components.
43. Control Unit
I/O Units
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Registers
Cache
main components of microprocessor
44. Cache memory
RAM
Dynamic RAM
Static RAM
Double Data Rate SDRAM
Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic RAM
Rambus Dynamic RAM
Read-only memory
types of computer memory
45. fetch, decode and execute
The CPU works by following a process known as
46. Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
An integrated circuit chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for
general-purpose use.
Designed to do one thing : High Speed
47. Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
Expensive to design and manufacture for products which has a large production run.
Cannot be reprogrammed or modified to execute another application
48. Full Custom Design
Semi-Custom Design
Programmable ASIC
types of ASIC
49. Simplified Programmable Logic Device (SPLD)
Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD)
50. types of PLD
1. Data Communication
2. Signal Processing
3. Data Display
4. Control Operation
logic devices includes specific function:
51. Fixed Function Logic Device
PLD and FPGA( field programmable gate array)
2 types of PLD
52. PROM
fixed AND fusible OR
53. PAL
programmable AND fixed OR
54. PLA
AND & OR are both programmable
55. Programmable Array Logic and Gate array logic
two types of simple programmable logic devices
56. encoder
decoder
multiplexer
demultiplexer
application of Complex Programmable logic devices
57. CPLD
Build on SPLD Architecture and creates a much larger design
it can be used to integrate the function of a number of SPLDs into a single device
58. FPGA
It is an integrated circuit that implements code in hardware to execute a thousand times
faster than in a processor.

59. FPGA
Written in VHDL or Verilog
digital signal processor
The goal of it is to measure, filter, compress real world analog signals
60. PLC
is a specialized, industrial, embedded computer. It is custom programmed to monitor
input signals (digital or analog), perform logical operations, and trigger specific output
signals.
61. PLC
Basically a gigantic microcontroller with higher speed, performance and reliability.
for industrial use for controlling machinery
- Use to integrate new components into a system
62. Arduino
is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that
designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices.
63. Arduinotional Logic
a type of digital logic circuit which is implemented by boolean circuit, where the output is
the pure function of the present input only
64. processor register
a quick accessible location available to a computer's processor that may hold
instructions, a storage address or any kind of data.
65. programmable logic controller
a specialized embedded computer. it is custom programmed to monitor input signal,
perform logical operations and trigger specific output signal.
66. sequential logic
type of logic circuit whose output depends on the present value of its input signal and on
the sequence of past input the input history