ISSUE 37

June 2024 transformer-technology.com ISSN 2642-2689

LTC GROUP:
NEXT STOP NORTH
AMERICA!

NETA FEATURE SECTION

ADVANCED TRANSFORMER TESTING

AND TECHNOLOGIES
Legnano Teknoelectric Company (LTC) Power Panel: Interview with Matt Carrara
Announces the Opening of Grid Resilience President at Doble
a New Headquarters in North America and Reliability Engineering Company
YOUR POWER TRANSFORMER OIL
TESTS HAVE MORE TO TELL YOU
C
deltaxresearch.com
 TRANSFORMER
Transformer Technology June 2024

Issue 37 COMPANY
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4 TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Contents

Table of
Index
Table of Contents_04
Editors & Impressum_08
From the Editor: A Perspective_12
Interview with Matthew Carrara,
President, Doble Engineering_14
12
From the Editor
Legnano Teknoelectric Company
A Perspective:
(LTC) Announces the Opening The Critical Role
of a New Headquarters in North of Transformer
America_24 Testing and
Maintenance in
Special Section: Insights from
Power System
NETA_28 Reliability
Cyber Security in Maschinenfabrik
Reinhausen Automation Products
14
& Digital Services_40
Interview with
Matthew Carrara
Company Spotlight: Voltyx_48 President,
Doble Engineering
What’s Missing in Energy
Transition?_50
Shaping the Future: TMC's Drive
for Global Innovation and
Sustainability_58
Transformer Technology June 2024 5

Issue 37

24
LTC Announces the Opening
of a New Headquarters in
North America

48
Company Spotlight: Voltyx
50
What’s Missing
in Energy
Transition?
28
SPECIAL SECTION:
Insights from NETA

58
Shaping the Future:
TMC's Drive for
Global Innovation
and Sustainability

40
Cyber Security in Maschinenfabrik
Reinhausen Automation Products
& Digital Services
6 TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Contents

Table of
64
Index NFPA 70B – Electrical Equipment
Maintenance and Testing, an Electrical
Maintenance Program (EMP)
NFPA 70B – Electrical Equipment
Maintenance and Testing, an
Electrical Maintenance Program
(EMP)_64
Power Grid Revolution: Advanced
Transformer Technologies Light Up
North America_66
Digital Twins Applied to Power
Transformers_68
66
Improving Reliability in EV Chargers: Power Grid
Revolution:
Addressing the Key Challenges and
Advanced
Solutions_70 Transformer
Minimizing Costs and Waste in Technologies
Offshore Cable Maintenance_74 Light Up
North America
Transforming the Power of Ideas
into Products_76
Q&A with Julie Wallin, Industry
Manager, Power Systems, and
68
Suzanne Stauduhar – Industry Digital Twins Applied to Power Transformers
Manager, Power Systems,
Cargill Bioindustrial_82
Breakthrough in Pole Type
Distribution Transformer
Bushings_86
Power Panel: Grid Resilience
and Reliability_92
Coming in August_104
Transformer Technology June 2024 7

82
Issue 37

Q&A with:
70 Julie Wallin, Industry Manager,
Power Systems, and
Improving Reliability in EV Chargers: Suzanne Stauduhar Industry
Addressing the Key Challenges Manager, Power Systems,
and Solutions Cargill Bioindustrial

74
Minimizing Costs and Waste
in Offshore Cable Maintenance

86
Breakthrough
in Pole Type
Distribution
Transformer
Bushings
76
92
Transforming the Power
of Ideas into Products

Power Panel:
Grid Resilience
and Reliability
8 EDITORS &
IMPRESSUM

Impressum TAB Executive Advisor,

The Chair and Managing Editor
Alan M. Ross, CRL, CMRP
Transformer maintenance
and reliability

Content Editor
Paula Čivrak
Technical Advisory Board (TAB)

TAB Executive Advisors:

Alan M. Ross, CRL, CMRP
The Chair and Managing Editor
Corné Dames TAB Executive Advisor
Independent transformer consultant Corné Dames
Transfomer oils
Independent transformer consultant
Ben Lanz, IEEE PES Senior Member
Transformer oils
Power system reliability, asset management
and diagnostics
TAB Members:
Diego Robalino, PhD, PMP
IEEE Senior Member
Tony McGrail TAB Executive Advisor
Asset management & Condition monitoring Ben Lanz, IEEE PES Senior Member
Edward Casserly, PhD Power system reliability, asset
Senior Scientist, Transformer oils management and diagnostics
Maria Lamorey
Industrial OEM manufacturing
Alan Sbravati, ME, MBA
Transformer insulating materials
TAB Member
Marco Tozzi, PhD Diego Robalino PhD, PMP
Diagnostics and asset monitoring
IEEE Senior Member
Curtus Duff Transformer condition assessment
Power transformer design
and diagnostics
Traci Hopkins, IEEE Member
Transformer Condition Assessment
Alexander Doutrelepont
High voltage bushings & insulators
Ed Khan
Power Systems, Relay protection, Training TAB Member
Randy Williams Tony McGrail, PhD
Bushings, Medium voltage Asset management & Condition
Martin Robinson monitoring
Power systems technology and safety
Ahad Esmaeilian
Grid edge solar
Jeff Donato
Batteries and storage
Binesh Kumar
EV charging TAB Member
Edward Casserly, PhD
Allan Rienstra
Ultrasound technology
Senior Scientist, Transformer oils
Steven Watt
Networking and communications for utilities, Reliability
Seth Johnson
Power quality monitoring and correction
Florent Giraudet
Surge arresters and lightning performance TAB Member
Sruti Chakraborty, PhD Maria Lamorey
Digital twins and diagnostic research Industrial OEM manufacturing
Transformer Technology June 2024 9

Issue 37

Editors
TAB Member
Marco Tozzi, PhD
Diagnostics and asset monitoring

TAB Member
Curtus Duff
Power transformer design

TAB Member
Traci Hopkins
Transformer condition
assessment

TAB Member
Alexander Doutrelepont
High voltage bushings & insulators

TAB Member
Ed Khan
Power Systems, Relay protection,
Training

Publisher:
APC MEDIA LLC
2152 Caper Dr.
Marietta, GA 30064, USA
TAB Member
transformer-technology.com Randy Williams
Bushings, Medium voltage
Graphic design
BE Koncept Communication Boutique
Photo Cover
LTC Group | Legnano Teknoelectric Co.
Sales & Marketing TAB Member
Kevan Sears Martin Robinson
[email protected] Power systems technology
Pierre Barras
and safety
[email protected]
Ante Prlić
[email protected]
Sales & Marketing Americas
Jose Mora
[email protected] TAB Member
Marketing Global Chip Angus
Marin Dugandzic Transformers maintenance
[email protected] and reliability
10

Editors TAB Member

Dr. Nancy Frost
Materials testing

TAB Member
Ahad Esmaeilian
Grid edge solar

TAB Member
Jeff Donato
Batteries and storage

TAB Member
Binesh Kumar
EV charging

TAB Member
Allan Rienstra
Ultrasound technology

TAB Member
Steven Watt
Networking and communications
ISSN 2642-2689 (Print) for utilities, Reliability
ISSN 2642-2697 (Online)
DIGITAL Membership
Free
TAB Member
Power Systems Technology and Transformer Seth Johnson
Technology magazine is a magazine published Power quality monitoring and
by APC MEDIA LLC, 2152 Caper Dr., Marietta, GA correction
30064, USA. Published content does not represent
official position of APC MEDIA LLC. Responsibility
for the content rests upon the authors of the
articles and advertisers, and not on APC MEDIA
TAB Member
LLC. APC MEDIA LLC maintains the right to keep
Florent Giraudet
the textual and graphical documents submitted
Surge arresters and lightning
for publication. performance
Copyright and reprint permission
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source.
Libraries are permitted to photocopy isolated
pages for private use of their patrons. TAB Member
For other copying, reprint or republication Sruti Chakraborty, PhD
permission requests should be addressed to Digital twins and
[email protected] diagnostic research
Transformer Technology June 2024 11

Issue 37

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12 FROM THE EDITOR:
TOPIC
A PERSPECTIVE
MISSING

The Critical Role of Transformer

Testing and Maintenance in Power
System Reliability

Over the course of the year, I have had the

benefit of interviewing leaders within the
power industry, including transformer OEM’s,
testing, and maintenance providers. The long Regular testing of transformers helps identify
lead times of transformers, despite new plant any potential problems before they escalate
additions and maximized production of new into major issues. By proactively monitoring
transformers, make the testing and maintenance the health of transformers, maintenance can
of our installed base, extremely crucial aspects be scheduled to address any issues and prevent
of ensuring the reliability and efficiency of unexpected failures.
electrical systems.
There are several methods for testing power
Since transformers play a vital role in power transformers, including insulation resistance
distribution, stepping up or stepping down testing, turns ratio testing, power factor testing,
voltage levels to meet the requirements of and sweep frequency response analysis.
various electrical devices, without proper testing Insulation resistance testing measures the
and maintenance, transformers can experience resistance of the insulation material to ensure
issues such as overheating, insulation it is not degraded.
breakdown, and power loss, leading to costly
downtime and potential safety hazards. Turns ratio testing checks the ratio of the number
of turns in the primary and secondary windings
Regular testing of transformers helps identify to ensure proper voltage transformation.
any potential problems before they escalate Power factor testing measures the efficiency of
into major issues. By proactively monitoring the transformer in converting electrical power.
the health of transformers, maintenance can Sweep frequency response analysis tests the
be scheduled to address any issues and prevent frequency response of the transformer to detect
unexpected failures. any abnormalities.
Transformer Technology June 2024 13

Issue 37

And, of course, periodic oil testing with a certified Alan has decades of experience

APC Media
CRL, CMRP
Managing Editor
Technical Director
Alan M Ross
transformer testing lab provides a great indication in the power systems industry
of the health of the transformer. These methods, and is one of the greatest
when used together, can provide a comprehensive reliability experts out there.
assessment of the transformer's condition.

Maintenance activities are essential for

prolonging the lifespan of transformers and
optimizing their performance. Neglecting
maintenance can result in decreased efficiency,
increased energy consumption, and the need for
costly repairs or replacements. By investing in
regular testing and maintenance, organizations
can save money in the long run by avoiding
unplanned downtime and extending the life
of their transformers.

By investing in regular testing and maintenance,

organizations can save money in the long run by
avoiding unplanned downtime and extending
the life of their transformers. In addition to the
financial benefits, proper transformer testing
and maintenance also contribute to overall
system reliability and safety.

In addition to the financial benefits, proper

transformer testing and maintenance also
contribute to overall system reliability and
safety. Transformers are critical components of
electrical infrastructure, and failure can have
far-reaching consequences. By ensuring
transformers are operating correctly and
addressing any issues promptly, organizations
can minimize the risk of equipment damage,
power outages, and potential safety hazards for
personnel.

At APC Media we are passionate power system

testing, especially transformer testing and
maintenance that we believe are essential
practices for ensuring the reliability, efficiency,
and safety of electrical systems. By proactively
monitoring the health of transformers and
performing regular maintenance, organizations
can avoid costly downtime, extend the lifespan
of their equipment, and maintain a safe working
environment. Investing in transformer testing
and maintenance is a wise decision that can
pay dividends in the form of improved
performance, reduced risks, and long-term
cost savings.
14 FEATURE
INTERVIEW

Matt Carrara
 Transformer Technology June 2024 15

Issue 37

Engineering Company
President at Doble
Right now,
I think there's a
little bit of a choke
on the industry
on funding, on
components, on Interview with Matt Carrara

people, on how
do we continue to
grow and expand
the grid.
Photo: Doble Engineering Company
16 FEATURE
INTERVIEW

There's a big gap of knowledge between these experienced people who are
retiring, and new people in the industry. Many newcomers are coming to us
for training, for information. What can we do with all the data for them?

Photo: APC Media

Transformer Technology June 2024 17

Issue 37

Alan Ross: I'm Alan Ross. I'm the managing And then, all of a sudden you realize, I need
editor of APC Media. We're here at the Doble twice as much. Right now, I think there's a little
Client Conference 2024 in Boston. As usual, bit of a choke on the industry on funding, on
there are incredible numbers of thought components, on people, on how do we continue
leaders here. This is the interview we wanted to grow and expand the grid.
to do a year ago, with Matt Carrara. Matt is the
President of Doble. Thank you for inviting us
here at the Doble Client Conference 2024. AR The government has really been
pouring money into infrastructure,
particularly green infrastructure. They brought
You've had a year since our last interview. it down to a point that wind and solar is now
What have you learned that you didn't know cost-effective in terms of generation. It seems
then? like now they're pulling out, and they're
expecting private money to come in. From
Matthew Carrara: Well, it was interesting. that perspective, the good news is you have a
You and I met at Distributech. When we did the perspective of other industries, so you bring
interview, I was three months into the role, new some perspective that might be very helpful for
to the industry, very nervous about what you where we are. Do you see capital coming into
were going to ask me and how I was going to the industry that might make up that gap?
respond. But my main focus for the last
12 months was learning about the business
and the people first, and then focusing on the
industry. As I'm driving the company into the
MC We certainly see a lot of capital
coming in, but going on wind and
solar, as you know, we have a group that is in
future, I know what I need to focus on as a that space right now. What we're finding is it's
leader. not about investment, it's not about money, it's
the time for the permitting to take place. Again,

AR I can tell you from knowing a lot of

your people, especially some of your
old timers, that are the knowledge people at
there's another chokehold in that area. But yes,
a lot of the wind farms and solar farms are being
handled and managed by private organizations.
Doble, they like it. Whatever you're doing, they Then they take them, they activate them, and
like it. That's really important, because you are then they sell them off. But right now, it's the
steering the ship. When was Doble founded? same challenge we see in the utility space. It's
components, timing, and people.

MC Our 100-year-anniversary was last

year, and then last year was the 90th
client conference. A lot of history, a lot of legacy, AR DOE doesn't have the authority to
grant permits because it's state, local.
a lot of knowledge. There are 50 different state regulators, and they
all have a different way of looking at things.

AR We're going to come back to the client

conference at the end, but I want to
get to something else. You said, learn the people,
But that idea of getting people together to
smooth out the permitting process and you'll
make this transition. We're still not there yet.
learn the company, learn the industry. Now I'm
going to assume you know enough We're talking
about the industry. But our industry, the power
industry, has gone through more change in the
MC There's a graphic that I had seen last
month that shows how long it takes
for the money, once it's identified, to roll down
last 5-7 years than we have in 100 years before. to the organization, it's 30+ steps, and it can stop
That brings us up to a point. What is that point? anywhere along the way. So yes, there's all this
Where are we right now in the industry as you money available, but it's not sitting in people's
see it? bank accounts. It's still funneling through the
process. That's a big thing we have to break.

MC I think where we are right now is

that we know the infrastructure is a
challenge, and we know there's a huge amount AR 30+ steps? That's crazy. That's where
we are today. Now, I got the harder
of demand that's going on the grid. One of question. If I asked 10 different people this
the things that I spoke about in my opening same question, I would get 17 different answers,
yesterday was last year, they had forecasted a because halfway through, they would change
demand for the grid for the last for the next five their answer. Where do you see the industry
years. It came out at the end of last year, and going over the next 5-7 years?
it's two times the amount. One of my messages
yesterday was, you're driving budgets, OpEx,
CapEx, you're driving hiring practices, and the
government is bringing down funding for utility
MC I think the challenge is the same one
we spoke about last year. It's what to
do with the data. A part of the issue is that you
companies. have a group of individuals in the industry that
18 FEATURE
INTERVIEW

are now retiring and moving on to the latter part people that were there, like Dell computers.
of their either life or their career, and you have a We did an interview with the head of IBM,
bunch of new people coming in. There's a big gap and suddenly they're doing a lot in the power
of knowledge between these experienced people industry. But a lot of non-traditional people
who are retiring, and new people in the industry. for this industry were coming in because they
Many newcomers are coming to us for training, for are communications people, they're data
information. What can we do with all the data for management people. They're all trying to get
them? Can we do the analysis for them? I think a piece of the pie. With that said, ISO 55 000
you're going to a big migration to data continuing, was developed to do a line of sight of assets for
I'll say, 1-5 years. But the challenge is that someone organizations. Ten years ago, I was the President
needs to find a way to aggregate all of that data, of the Electric Power Reliability Alliance, so we
which makes sense to the utility company because were looking at ISO 55 000 primarily for large
we're being tasked with making the decision for industrials. We weren't doing it for utilities.
them that they can then validate before they However, the first company to try to do ISO 55
make a change or make an adjustment. 000 was PG&E, the big end. They did it on their
G-side, the gas side. They found over 200 major

AR To me, it's data. It's funny that I was

at a transformer committee meeting,
IEEE transformer committee meeting. This
online working gas component assets that they
no longer had on their books. Think about that
from a safety standpoint. They were written off,
was years ago. Did you know that Doble was because the finance guys go don’t see value in it.
the only company that had failure data that
they had collected for years? Everybody else They decided not to do it on their electrical side.
collected condition data, but they didn't know I think they were afraid to find out. But the idea
if that transformer failed or was taken out of that ISO 55 000 is creating this demand for a
service because it was aging, because most line of sight. The CEO sees what he needs to see,
of the utilities did it because it was aging, not and so on. Doble plays a huge role in data that
because it failed. But the idea is, it not just the the CEO can see, but the engineer on the ground
data, it's also the analysis of it. can also see. Talk a little bit about that.

MC We have a side business, or rather an

inside business, where people send
us failed transformers. We do all the analysis
MC If you look at the majority of the
software that we sell, it's collecting
points of data from our own equipment. That's
for them based on using 100 years of data of collecting data around condition monitoring,
what to look for and what we can get out of transformer analysis. We have an ability to do
it. We have to find a way to feed it into AI or advanced transformer failure analysis through our
feed it into some program, which then we can software packages. We're not exactly at the CEO
monetize for the customer, so the customers level yet because there's still some ERP challenges
can then put in certain symptoms systems, around, for example, can you take our data and
and it'll kick out, Here's your issue, here's your put it on your ERP system? We're working on
problem, and, oh, your transformer is going to bridges for that. And Dell happens to be a partner
fail in the next year. You better order one today. of ours that we use for testing as well. We're
I think for us, that's where we're focused right trying to get into this boardroom to field type of
now. view. We're one step away from the boardroom,
but we do it more at the maintenance and the

AR It's the amount of data, AI and ML.

Whenever somebody says they use AI,
engineering level.

I say we are not really using it now, because we

don’t really fully understand it. We're publishing
an article in our next issue, and it is about AI for
AR I can say this to you. They like
pictures and charts and color, and
what they don't like is red. When they see red,
the non-AI CEO I'm going to send that to you. I'll they go, something’s wrong, go fix it.
take it. It was done by an expert, by the way.

MC If you remember, last year at

Distributech it was all about data and
MC They're looking at it differently. The
person that's running the substation
is looking at reliability. He's looking at downtime.
software. No mention of AI. This year, walking The person in the boardroom is looking at one
through Distributech, I'd say every other booth thing: what are the finances of it?
features AI, and it was the same thing we had seen
last year. It's new, and I think people have to start
understanding how to use it. AR You just said another word that I love,
reliability, because I'm a reliability
engineer and a member of the IEEE Reliability

AR What really struck me at Distributech

was the number of non-traditional
Society. I like to think that I brought reliability
in because the first time I saw Doble use the
 Transformer Technology June 2024 19

Issue 37

Resilience is only as quick as the equipment that you can put in to replace
it. Right now, we know we have a chokehold on that. The backlogs for
equipment, bushings and bushing taps and transformers are years.
Photo: Doble Engineering Company
 20
FEATURE
INTERVIEW

Photo: Shutterstock
Transformer Technology June 2024 21

Issue 37

word reliability was about a year after I used the

word reliability. But now, reliability has dropped
a little bit. Resilience is a huge issue in the
industry because we've got all these events, fire,
hurricanes. Even at a time when we shouldn't be
having a tornado, we have a tornado whipping
through the country. Reliability is keeping the
power on. Resilience is about get it back on
because the lights went out. Talk a little bit
about how Doble is working on resilience for
your clients.

MC For us, it's the same message. It's around

the data and the clarity of what's
happening now and what could happen in the
future. A lot of times, you're looking at the delivery
of transformers. A transformer goes down, you're
waiting 2-3 years because of backlogs to get one
in. We're now telling our clients, That transformer
is going to fail in two years. Now they can start
ordering on an earlier time frame. Resilience is
only as quick as the equipment that you can put
in to replace it. Right now, we know we have a
chokehold on that. The backlogs for equipment,
bushings and bushing taps and transformers are
years. We have to do a better job of giving them
advanced notice of a failure so they can react
quicker instead of reacting the day it happens.
That's a weather event, that's a power outage, that
is an unforeseen circumstance.

AR The owners of power transformers

also need to look out after the ones
they’ve got, especially knowing that in some
instances they cannot get new ones for three
years. For example, they should be careful not
to overload. There's a lot of ways that they can
mitigate damage, but the goal is to get more
life in your transformers. The average power
transformer owned by Austin Energy in their
network is something close to 48 years old. They
made a decision to go after a 75-year life of
their transformers because they said, Do what
you need to do to make sure that the asset lasts
75 years. They were built to last 20. They did
last 50. Now you're asking, that's like trying to
get the 1912 de Soto to last. We've abused this
equipment, and now we got to stop abusing it.
But part of the change that's going on, and this
is my last question for you, is you're here at the
Doble Client Conference. I know that you know
everything that everybody was doing, because
you needed to know. What did you say to your
people internally about why you wanted this
client conference to attract more people here
than any other client? How many people are
even here?

MC I just looked at it before we came on,

over 1,300 people came this year. That's
the biggest we've had ever in the history of the
show.
22 FEATURE
INTERVIEW

The quick message for me was getting the people that attend this show and
those that don't attend the show to come next year, and to show we're a
trusted partner. We're helping the utility system get through this journey.

AR There's a reason, and so you must

have a message for what you wanted
internally your people to focus on.
ideas, talking about storm preparedness,
how to react to a transformer that goes down,
how to react to another situation, be it domestic
terrorism, or maybe someone put a virus in the

MC The quick message for me was getting

the people that attend this show
and those that don't attend the show to come
system. We’re hoping the show gets bigger and
bigger, and we want to show that Doble's 100
years of data and experience can help them as
next year, and to show we're a trusted partner. we move forward.
We're helping the utility system get through
this journey. We're giving them the data and the
information and the testing they need to secure
and make sure that the asset is reliable and
AR Is there cross collaboration with some
of the utilities at some of these events?
Are they being able to share with each other?
resilient. But at the end of the day, the message
was, we want to be your partner. We've done a
really good job this year. This is, like I said, the
biggest show ever.
MC Yes, because most of the committees
that people are sitting in are people
from various types of utility companies.
I've noticed that the collaboration and the
At the end of the day, people are coming to discussions are open because they're all facing
Photo: Shutterstock

this show to learn. We're pushing the learning, the same challenges. If they can learn from each
the conferences, the training. There's a lot of other, help improve the grid and help improve
collaboration over 642 specific clients in the keeping the lights on, and we can be part of it,
utility industry, sitting in sessions, exchanging I think it's wonderful.
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24 LTC GROUP:
NEXT STOP NORTH
AMERICA!

LEGNANO ANNOUNCES THE

OPENING OF A NEW
TEKNOELECTRIC HEADQUARTERS IN
COMPANY (LTC) NORTH AMERICA

Legnano Teknoelectric Company (LTC) continues its global expansion journey

with the exciting announcement of a new headquarters in North America. Just
one year after unveiling its presence in Taiwan, LTC achieves another remarkable
milestone in its international growth strategy. The establishment of Legnano
Teknoelectric Company North America Inc. promises to redefine the landscape
of the electrical industry in the region.

The LTC Group, a renowned leader in manufacturing magnetic cores for

transformers and reactors with over 65 years of experience, reaffirms its
Photo: LTC Group

commitment to innovation, excellence, and customer satisfaction. Under the

leadership of the Bertelli family, now in its third generation, LTC is poised to
reach unprecedented levels of success.
Transformer Technology June 2024 25

Issue 37
26 LTC GROUP:
NEXT STOP NORTH
AMERICA!

Legnano Teknoelectric Company (LTC) continues

its global expansion journey with the exciting
announcement of a new headquarters in North
America. Just one year after unveiling its presence
in Taiwan, LTC achieves another remarkable
milestone in its international growth strategy.

Currently, LTC operates five manufacturing plants in Italy, two in Dubai (with one
nearing completion by year's end), and one in Taiwan, employing a total of 850
skilled individuals and solidifying its global footprint.

The official announcement was made during the prestigious industry fairs IEEE
& PES in Anaheim, California (USA), and CWIEME in Berlin, Germany, last May.

The primary objective is to reduce

delivery times by enhancing proximity
to customers while supporting North
America in its transition to renewable
energy sources and the modernization
of the local power grid.

The new project, situated in Hamilton, Canada, strategically located halfway

between the Ontario capital, Toronto, and the United States border, marks a
significant step forward. Initiated with the acquisition of a vast 16.5-acre plot in
the fall of 2023, this green-field project underscores LTC's steadfast commitment
to expanding its global reach and serving diverse markets. The primary
objective is to reduce delivery times by enhancing proximity to customers while
supporting North America in its transition to renewable energy sources and the
modernization of the local power grid.
Photo: LTC Group

Heading Legnano Teknoelectric Company North America Inc. are President

Daniele Bertelli, alongside Managing Directors Gianluigi Bertelli and Benedetta
Bertelli.
Transformer Technology June 2024 27

Issue 37

As LTC expands its global

presence, it remains dedicated
to delivering superior products
and solutions tailored
to meet the evolving needs
of customers worldwide.

With construction set to commence by year's end, LTC North America's state-
of-the-art facility is slated for completion by 2026, marking the dawn of a new
era in electrical production excellence. The facility will integrate cutting-edge
technologies and industry best practices to ensure unparalleled quality and
efficiency.

As LTC expands its global presence, it remains dedicated to delivering superior

products and solutions tailored to meet the evolving needs of customers worldwide.
The creation of Legnano Teknoelectric Company North America Inc. underscores
LTC's unwavering commitment, reaffirming its position as a leader in the magnetic
cores for transformers sector.

LTC North America is poised to assert its prominence in the competitive North American market.
28 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

FEATURE SECTION:
Insights from
NETA

Bob Sheppard, Regional Power Operations,

Sigma C Power Services

Dan Hook, VP GCBS Engineering Services

and Solution
Transformer Technology June 2024 29

Issue 37

Sponsored by

Damien Robinson, Director – US Direct Sales Ron Widup, Senior Advisor – Technical Services
Megger Shermco Industries

Virginia Balitski, Manager – Training and Development Dave Huffman, President

Magna IV Engineering Power Systems Testing Company
30 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

I am involved with the NFPA 70E standard.

Everybody in the room, for the most part, is
there for one reason, to make the world a better
place for electrical safety. It's not personal gain;
it's for the greater good.
Ron Widup
 Transformer Technology June 2024 31

Issue 37

Alan Ross: Alan Ross: This special NETA section President of the Association through the years,
of the magazine is a compilation of interviews officer roles, and all that.
conducted at the 2023 PowerTest Conference
where we interviewed board members and
thought leaders with great insights into NETA
as it embarks on several strategic initiatives,
AR That's when I met you. You were the
President of Shermco. Back then, a
decade or so ago.
including adding the “I” for International.
When I attended my first NETA conference over
a decade ago, I have been impressed by the way
members, who are often competitors, come
RW Yes. I know the first time was in
2000 because I remember that
because I was the President of NETA when our
together in a more collaborative way to make our first ANSI standard came to be, and it was our
industry better, safer, or reliable and resilient. test technician standard. That was a big day
because it was our first nationally-recognized and
Let’s get started: accepted standard. Al Peterson was a big part of
making that happen and it was a proud day for
Ron Widup, Senior Advisor – Technical Services the Association because that was really a step
Shermco Industries change for us in the standards-making aspect of
the Association. It started with that, which then

AR Ron, you have been a fixture at NETA

and Shermco since I came into the
industry. I remember you speaking at my very
eventually led to the four ANSI standards we
have now.

first NETA PowerTest conference and here you

are, still. Tell me about your journey? AR Somebody asked me years ago, “What
is it about NETA that you think is so
attractive for the industry?” I replied that it is the
Ron Widup: Yes Alan, it's been a day or so. I grew collaborative, collegiate way that competitors
up in Central Texas, as an army brat. Out of high work together to advance the cause. I think that
school, I went to Texas State Technical Institute, is one of the great values of NETA. And that still
which is now TSTC, and got a two-year associate's happens today, right?
degree in electrical power. I went to work for
the summer as a co-op in the Dallas, Fort Worth
area for a company called Roundhouse Electric
& Engineering. They hired me out of school in
RW Yes. It's interesting and good in that,
and I'll liken it to this; I am involved
with the NFPA 70E standard, right? In fact,
1982 and I was there for about a year. That's when I represent NETA on that standard. And when
we had another one of those cycles, where the you go to those committee meetings, you have
oil market went down, so they told me, “Hey, the smartest people in the room when it comes to
we're retracting and we're going to shut down electrical safety, 40, 50, 60 people in the meetings.
our Dallas operation… so you could move to our Everybody in the room, for the most part, is there
Odessa, Texas office or go find another job…”. for one reason, to make the world a better place
With all due respect to Odessa that move was for electrical safety. It's not personal gain; it's for
not in my plans, so I called up the engineering the greater good. That's nice when you can have
manager from Shermco, who was our competitor, that collaborative of an environment where we're
and said “Hey, I need a job.” So on June 6, 1983, all doing it for the right reasons.
I started as a field service technician for Shermco.

AR You've been with Shermco the entire

time? Shermco has changed a lot and
AR Let’s turn our attention to the
apprenticeship program. You've been
working on it for a while.
grown a lot, tremendously. NETA is changing and
growing, too. What's your role with NETA?
RW Yes, and through our training
committee here at NETA we see that

RW At NETA there are so many people,

and since we are a volunteer
organization that does a ton of work, and I am
whether you're a plumber or a power system
technician or a restaurateur, everybody has
problems with labor and getting people. For us in
just one of those people. I got involved with the electrical power industry, the key is first you
NETA in the early '90s. Back then at Shermco we must have somebody who wants to work. Second,
had a gentleman who was on the NETA board of is that they're trainable, and third is that they
directors and who was part of a group that did could stay off the bad stuff that keeps you from
medium-voltage vacuum retrofits. We ended getting on job sites, right? You get those three,
up spinning that business out and when he and then you can start the process.
Photo: Shutterstock

left the company, I filled in his board spot. I've

been on the board since then. Through the You have a few options. You can get somebody
years, I progressed through various committees from the industry, and that's a finite number.
and responsibilities. I did a couple of turns as You can get people out of the industry, which
32 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

happens. Or you can grow them internally and edition where it introduced the arc flash and the
grow your own. It just depends on which way hazard risk tables, with information provided by
works best for you. What we're finding is that a guy named Paul Hamer with Chevron Texaco,
there's only so many people that you can get and he had submitted their information. And
from the outside. You must motivate, train, and so it was a new deal, and it was really the start
grow from the inside. Training programs, the of the awareness of the arc flash hazard and all
apprenticeship program, that's one of many that. I've been on the committee since '98. And
ways to do it. there's been an evolution through the years of
understanding not only electric shock, but arc
When you have a structure like an apprenticeship flash, what it can do to a person, and all that.
program that creates the next generation of Being involved in the technical committee
workers, and that’s what our training committee process has been very beneficial for me because
has been working on with the apprenticeship my motivation is that I don't want to have what
program. It's helping us with a problem, especially happened to me to happen to anybody else, so
if you don't have an internal workforce that's ultimately the motivation.
development group. Now we provide some tools
to get those people on that path. Dan Hook, VP GCBS Engineering Services
and Solution

AR Talk a little bit about your work with

NETA on the NFPA 70E committee.
AR Thanks so much Ron. My next guest is
Dan Hook. He is the president of CBS

RW I'll start with the motivation for it.

I started out as Field Service Tech.
Field Services. Dan, thank you for joining me.

And in July of 1984, I was working at a hospital on

a 480-volt, 400-amp automatic transfer switch.
I was the transfer switch guy, right? I was working
DH Thank you.

on seven switches, upgrading the controls and

doing some modifications, working on the last
switch of the day. I had to isolate the controls
AR So first of all, go a little bit into your
background and your role at CBS Field
Services. You actually created the field services
from the main switch, so I did. I pulled these group right?
three wires and isolated the controls, did the
modifications and was putting it back. It was
at a hospital. And what the hospital had done
was they had added a microswitch on a piece of
DH Yes, after my time in the US Navy,
I went to work for group CBS with a
partner of mine, Craig Archer. And our charge was
balsa wood on the switch. So that when it would to build a field service division accompanying
transfer from normal to emergency, it would hit the other group CBS companies. And the goal,
the switch, close and light the light bulb. Well, the initial goal was to become NETA accredited
I had put the factory accessory on and I thought, and to gain that recognition and that immediate
“well, I'll take this non-factory accessory off”. gravitas.
So, I took the little number 14 wire off and was
pulling it out of the switch, which was near the
energized part, and I had the de-energized part
and the wire.
AR And you're on the NETA board, correct?

It caught and popped and hit one of the hot

phases. It arced, it went phase-to-phase and the
DH I am. Just a few days ago was elected as
the first vice president. I've got about
another year in that role and then I'll do my turn
switch blew up in my face. Burns on my arms, my as the president for a two year term.
face and all that. You can't shut it off because it's
a transfer switch. They're always critical.

The result was I was in the hospital for a week

AR Okay. And we're going to talk a little
bit about one of the parts of NETA
that I really want to promote and that is the
and a half, off work for a month. It gave me a apprenticeship program that you all are working
real appreciation for electrical safety. This was in on with the Department of Labor. But before we
the early '80s, so we didn't know as much about go there, okay. What I really want to talk about is
electrical safety then as what we know about obviously when you looked at the need for field
it now. I'm an arc flash survivor, and I started services because the CB's group, group CB's was
thinking about it. I was looking around trying primarily equipment, if I understand it. Yes. That's
to figure out how to contribute, and saw that a whole sea change to say we're going to take that
NFPA70 E out there. I got involved with it and equipment out in the field, we're going to add
was put on the committee in 1998. And that was human element to it and now we're going to talk
right at the end of the cycle, which became the about why you did that and what were some of
2000 edition of 70E. Well, that edition was the the challenges of doing that.
 Transformer Technology June 2024 33

Issue 37

As we have an effective NETA accredited field

service group, you're the first one to know that
there may be equipment problems and you
can provide solutions by bringing customers
equipment back to the shop and performing
those types of services in the shop. There's a
great synergy between field service and the
equipment industry.
Dan Hook

DH It appears on the surface maybe that

it is a sea change? But it's somewhat of
a natural progression if you're willing to take that
solutions by bringing customers equipment back
to the shop and performing those types of services
in the shop. There's a great synergy between field
avenue. Group CBS is 40, 45 years old, something service and the equipment industry. But they do
like that. The expertise that they have in shop kind have their unique challenges, for sure.
of leads customers to say, “Well, I can't bring it to
you. Can you please come out on site and help me
with this challenge?” And the breaker shops do AR The industry is changing and NETA is
changing as a result of that. You must
Photo: Shutterstock

that type of support. But we also found that as we be involved with the apprenticeship program
have an effective NETA accredited field service that you are working on with the Department of
group, you're the first one to know that there may Labor. Talk a little bit about that because I think
be equipment problems and you can provide that's a game changer.
34 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

DH It is a game changer because it's an

opportunity for us to do this as an
industry. NETA is 51, 52 years old now and we've
all of us, and it can help all of us simultaneously.
It's not a zero-sum game. Maybe that's the best
way to say it. This is about bringing more people
worked together for a long time and obviously into the industry. So we are not just poaching
we put on a great conference and all those other from each other. We're not just trying to trade
things, but it's been a challenge with workforce the highest talent depending upon what year
development and a little bit of robbing Peter to it is and how many dollars an hour someone
pay Paul, so to speak. makes. This is a way to, somebody said many
years ago, “enlarge the pie”. And so that's what's

AR Poaching. exciting about this. And Steve Newton has done

an excellent job of spearheading this, and he
should be very proud of what he's accomplished

DH Yeah, a little bit of poaching. You

know, there's many terms for it. This
so far.

is an opportunity to help the industry as the

whole industry, as we come together and see the
greater good and see how this is going to help
AR You are the first vice president. You'll
become president and have a two-year
term. What's your vision for NETA?

We've done a big push to make these engineering

and architectural firms aware of what NETA
brings to the table as far as testing specifications
and commissioning.
Dave Huffman
 Transformer Technology June 2024 35

Issue 37

DH Yes, one of those things is that it

started as national and fairly quickly,
even before my time, we wanted to broaden
companies as members. We have a gentleman
visiting from Australia this year who is in the
application process and looking very, very
our reach beyond our own borders, so we promising for growth there.
called it international, but it's known as NETA,
and it has been for so long. We kept the logo, My vision is our membership group has done
kept the name, and so we're NETA, but we are such a great job of starting to scratch the
international. surface of putting the eye in international
electrical testing association. We really need to
Ten or 15 years ago, our international footprint leverage that. I don't have to tell anybody that
was Canada and the United States, so technically, the world's getting smaller, and it has been for
we were international. I grew up in Canada, a really long time. It's time for NETA to catch
North America centric for sure. up with the globalization, although that's the
bad “g” word sometimes currently, but in our
Since I've been part of NETA and been part of globalization, it's just focused in our industry.
the board, we have South American, Central That's a good thing. Yes, that's an absolute
American, Caribbean, Middle Eastern good thing.
Photo: Shutterstock
36 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

Dave Huffman, President

Power Systems Testing Company DH Until they kick me out. A lot of the
people in NETA are well past what
some people might consider your retirement age,

AR Thanks so much Dan, I look forward

to seeing where NETA goes in your
leadership tenure in the future. My next guest
but we love what we do, are passionate about it
and have made lifelong friends within NETA.

is David Huffman. David, NETA is working

with the Department of Labor to create an
apprenticeship program, which I love because
AR Somebody asked me years ago and
they said, what is it about NETA that
you think is so attractive for the industry? It's the
I think that is desperately what we need as an collaborative, collegiate way that competitors
industry. Talk a little bit about that and about work to work together to advance the cause.
putting the “I” in NETA. I mean, I think that's something that I would say
is one of the great values of NETA. And that still
Dave Huffman: The apprenticeship program happens today, right?
initially felt a little bit threatening because
we're not electricians. That's one thing we're Virginia Balitski, Manager – Training and
very adamant about. We don't do electrician Development, Magna IV Engineering
work. We're not electricians. And to force a
testing company to become licensed electricians
would really put a burden on a lot of the
testing companies on the West Coast. This
AR Another NETA Board member that we
talked with was Virginia Balitski. Talk
a little bit about your role here at NETA?
new apprenticeship program is really going
to benefit us to where it makes that electrical Virginia Balitski: As you said, I am on the board
test technician more authentic in the eyes of of directors now, having started my term two
governing agencies such as the Department years ago. (Editor’s Note: That was back in June
of Labor. 2023, so as of this publication it has been more
than two years.)
Well, the international growth is happening
because a lot of construction is designed and I have been working on a number of different
specified by American engineering firms. committees, the safety committee, of course,
As such, we've done a big push to make these and the training committee. That all ties right
engineering and architectural firms aware of into my background and my experience.
what NETA brings to the table as far as testing I am also on the promotions and marketing
specifications and commissioning. I think committee as well, so participating on a number
with the international, one of the applicant of committees and then representing. We're
companies already has a few technicians that getting NETA on the ASTM F18 committee, for
have passed the exam for level two and three. personal protective equipment and I plan on
So I think we're on definitely a growth pattern, serving there as well.
and I think that it's going to be good for
construction around the planet.
AR Excellent. As I understand it, NETA is
close to getting the first apprenticeship

AR Excellent. How long do you continue

planning on doing this?
program with the Department of Labor here in
the United States. Are you involved in that at all?

There's such a need for techs in the industry, and

there's only so many programs out there that
we can get techs into the industry. Working on
something like this is to have a program that's
ready to go.
Virginia Balitski
Transformer Technology June 2024 37

Issue 37

VB Yes, as part of the training committee,

we've been working on that for a bit.
There's just such a need for it. It's a game changer.
However, as the companies, this becomes
available, there'll be an announcement, and we'll
try to involve as many people as we can because
There's such a need for techs in the industry, and it's a big, important deal. It is. And what happens is
there's only so many programs out there that the individual companies will then go to NETA and
we can get techs into the industry. Working on say, “We want to adopt that program as our own”.
something like this is to have a program that's ready So they don't have to reinvent the wheel. And
to go. There are other options out there, certainly they manage that document. They manage their
throughout Canada with our electrical engineering people. They manage the process by themselves
technology program, but then having other options with the assistance of NETA as an ad hoc process.
here in the US approved by the Department of
Labor to work on an apprenticeship program, Damien Robinson, Global Industry Director –
giving the apprentice the knowledge that they need Power Transformers, Megger
along with on-the-job training that they need to
advance through their career. We believe this is
critical to the future and something we have been
working very hard on for several years.
AR Damien, what do you think the value of
NETA is to the industry in general? How
does the organization make a difference?

Bob Sheppard, Regional Power Operations Damien Robinson: NETA provides a standard and
Sigma C Power Services proven methodology for reliable commissioning
and maintenance of electrical assets. It provides

AR Thank you Virginia, you bring a lot of

practical application and knowledge
to NETA. My next guest is Bob Sheppard, who
an avenue for service companies, manufacturers,
and industry personnel to share best practices
and lessons learned for the betterment of
was also at the first NETA Conference I attended, the entire electrical industry. Related to this,
and welcomed me with open arms, so than you Megger subject matter experts participate in the
Bob. Tell me a little about your perspective of the revisions of the ATS and MTS guides.
Apprenticeship Program?
A major difference NETA provides over many
Bob Sheppard: The way that we envision the other standards bodies is the certification levels
program working out is NETA will own the of technicians. This adds a high level of assurance
master document, and NETA is not going to that a service company is providing and a
administer that document like the IBEW would customer is receiving qualified individuals for the
or NEC or somebody like that. The individual safe and reliable testing of assets.
NETA accredited companies or realistically,
anybody that wants to say, “We recognize this Another significant difference NETA provides
is a Department of Labor thing, we want to be a is the various Alliance Programs. After a brief
part of that.” You wouldn't necessarily have to be hiatus, in 2024 Megger re-joined as a Corporate
a part of NETA. It's just that it's focused around Alliance Partner Program which provides
being the electrical test technician standards an excellent venue to highlight emerging
that need to be developed. technologies to industry leading partners.

We'll try to involve as many people as we can

because it's a big, important deal. It is. And
what happens is the individual companies will
then go to NETA and say, “We want to adopt
that program as our own”. So they don't have to
reinvent the wheel.
Bob Sheppard
38 INSIGHTS
FROM NETA

AR
Megger?
How has NETA added value to you
personally and to your career/role at DR Megger’s approach to these workshops
is sharing industry best practices.
This matches well the intent of NETA. We
endeavor to not make the workshop a sales pitch,

DR Being in sales my entire time at Megger,

NETA’s primary value for me has been
priming prospective customers. When I enter
though at the request of attendees we have at
times engaged in hands-on demonstrations of
our test solutions. Rather our philosophy is
a NETA Accredited Company, in many cases, at to partner with NETA Accredited Companies
least half of my typical job is complete, i.e. the in educating technicians, managers, and/or
need to explain certain electrical tests and why sales personnel on overcoming challenges or
they are important. Mostly, I simply need to understanding improvements in methodologies
showcase Megger product solutions. This results associated with asset condition assessment.
in much more expedient sales, and it has helped
Megger grow significantly in the industry.

AR I attended a half day Megger workshop

at NETA, several years ago and found it
had tremendous value for me personally and form
Alan Ross: There was so much great content we
gained from interviews at the conference and
we wish we could have included all of them and
the reaction of the attendees, to them as well. all of every interview however that would have
Talk a little about why Megger Workshop adds so taken over the entire issue. The good news is that
much value to a NETA, or other, conference? every interview is available on our website.

Megger’s philosophy is to partner with

NETA Accredited Companies in educating
technicians, managers, and/or sales personnel
on overcoming challenges or understanding
improvements in methodologies associated
with asset condition assessment.
Damien Robinson
Photo: Shutterstock
Transformer Technology June 2024 39

Issue 37

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40 CYBER
SECURITY

CYBER IN MASCHINENFABRIK
REINHAUSEN AUTOMATION
SECURITY PRODUCTS & DIGITAL
SERVICES
We recognize that any Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen (MR) from Germany
is a company specializing in power engineering
vulnerability weakens the equipment which is used by our customers to build
entire system, much like the and operate transformers. In the realm of Cyber
weakest link in a chain. Security & critical infrastructure, safeguarding our
systems is of ultimate importance. We recognize
Photo: Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen

that any vulnerability weakens the entire system,

Security in breadth covers much like the weakest link in a chain. Security
a wide range of protective in breadth covers a wide range of protective
measures, while security measures, and in addition security in depth ensures
thorough defense. This principle applies not only
in depth ensures to product development but also to day-to-day
thorough defense. operations of our products in the field.
Transformer Technology June 2024 41

Issue 37

Our security journey begins at the development process, where security

takes center stage. From design considerations to development practices, we
explore how to create secure products that withstand real-world challenges
throughout their lifecycle. In this article, we provide a detailed account of our
vulnerability management process that is important when products are in ope-
ration. Specifically, we highlight its implementation for two critical compo-
nents: the ETOS® transformer automation system as shown in Box 1, and our
myReinhausen customer portal and TESSA APM as digital services.

Box 1: What is ETOS®?

Acting as the bridge between the physical process and the

control systems, the field level incorporates sensor
information that monitor the transformer's condition and
actuators that control its operation. ETOS® plays a vital
role at this level, gathering data from various sensors and
applying algorithms to analyze and interpret it as well as
ensuring an efficient control of the temperature and the
voltage. To suit different utility requirements, it supports the
modular integration of functions in the areas of control,
regulation, monitoring, and the tap-changer drive. By
seamlessly integrating sensors, communication devices,
and advanced algorithms, ETOS® creates a digital twin of
the transformer. This digital twin serves as a
comprehensive virtual representation of the transformer's
condition and performance, providing operators with
unprecedented insights into its health and operation. This Concept of an intelligent transformer with ETOS®
holistic approach empowers operators to make informed
decisions about maintenance schedules, optimization
strategies, and overall asset management.

A chain breaks

at its weakest point.

42 CYBER
SECURITY

LEGISLATION

Alongside established security practices, there's a noticeable surge in regula-

tory and legal demands. Examples include the EU General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR), the EU Network Information Security (NIS-2) directive, and
the forthcoming EU Cyber Resilience Act. These regulations particularly target
products integrating digital components and their cyber security.

Moreover, existing mandates such as the US NERC CIP for the energy sector
in the United States and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework further underscore
the importance of adherence to security protocols. With such a diverse array
of regulations, it is important to compile them into a unified framework for
Information and Cyber Security. This framework serves as a comprehensive
guide to pinpoint requirements and mitigate potential risks effectively and on
the spot in the form of our Information Security Management System (ISMS),
which is based on ISO 27001. In essence, it provides a structured approach
to navigate the complex web of regulations and safeguard against emerging
threats towards selected services and products with digital elements.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Product funnel

The components introduced here adhere to the principle of "security by design."

This means that potential cybersecurity threats are identified early, during the
planning phase, and are factored into implementation, ongoing operation, and
Photo: Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen

product maintenance. But MR doesn't easily release fully developed products

onto the market in one go. Instead, we use our product funnel. This means that
concepts undergo several iterations, progressing from the initial idea to a func-
tional model, through various quality checkpoints, and from a pilot series to
full-scale industrialization. Throughout this process, both the product and its man-
ufacturing methods are continuously refined. The following image illustrates
those two concepts.
Transformer Technology June 2024 43

Issue 37

Concept

Quality levels

Ready for production

Considering cybersecurity from the start does not necessarily mean all mea-
sures are immediately implemented. For instance, while a prototype might demon-
strate functionality, aspects like user roles and access rights might only become
mandatory at later stages of development. This approach is an integral part of our
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) strategy, ensuring that cybersecurity is an
intrinsic consideration at every step of the product's evolution, from conception
to market readiness.

Security in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC / SSDLC)

Security is a part of the whole Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Software

Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and in particular the Security SDLC (SSDLC) for
products incorporating digital elements. With phases encompassing planning,
building, and running, MR has established a written policy to embed security into
development and operation. An internal design rule for IT-Security aids project
managers in defining cybersecurity measures that need to be implemented,
while quality management ensures the measures that were defined during the
design phase are implemented to guarantee operational security measures as
products mature for market deployment. This structured approach ensures that
cybersecurity is seamlessly integrated into every stage of product development
at MR.

Supply Chain Security

At MR, ensuring robust security standards is a fundamental aspect of our

product development. This commitment extends to our suppliers, especially
those providing software components that are integrated into our products.
Recognizing the role of our suppliers in maintaining overall security, we engage
them from the beginning of security management processes. This collabora-
tion is essential to establish and uphold supply chain security, guaranteeing
that our products meet the highest standards of cybersecurity. By involving
suppliers early on, we can proactively address potential security risks, reinforcing
the integrity and reliability of our offerings throughout the supply chain.
44 CYBER
SECURITY

PROTECTION

For the products introduced here, we approach cybersecurity with a focus

on both breadth and depth. We adhere to the ISO 27001 standard to ensure a
broad coverage of security measures across our operations. Additionally, we
implement Cybersecurity risk management methodologies based on our Security
Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC), the concepts in the upcoming EU
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), and e.g. the IEC 62443 standards to dive deeper into
specific areas of vulnerability. The following Image shows our overall SSDLC,
how our Secure Development Policy gives general guardrails that are then put
into action by our threat and risk analyses in the various phases.

Secure development policy

Aspect Plan Build Run Security by design

IT-security – Involve MR ProductCERT for Cyber- – Secure codierung – Change management

security Risk Assessment (CS -RISK)
– Pentest – Capacity management
– Data classification
– Involve MR Product - – Management of vulner -
– Login – authentication CERT for open risks abilities and IT software
Product
updates Cyber security risk
lifecycle
– Access control – Autorisierung assessment
management
– Encryption – Cryptography

– Logging

– Disaster reaction & BCM

– Data protection

– Secure operations

Understanding the interplay between attack surfaces and vulnerabilities is

crucial in our approach to cybersecurity. By assessing and managing our attack
surfaces, we can better identify and address potential vulnerabilities within our
products. This proactive approach is further reinforced by robust vulnerability
management processes, which are mandated by the ISO 27001 standard and by
upcoming regulations such as the EU CRA.

Photo: Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen

Transformer ETOS® Infrastructure myReinhausen Customer operations

& TESSA APM center
Transformer Technology June 2024 45

Issue 37

EXAMPLE OVERVIEW

In our technical environment, we have two distinct examples illustrating our ap-
proach: ETOS® serving as an edge device with embedded hardware development,
and the myReinhausen customer portal with TESSA® APM for Asset Performance
Management as shown in Box 2, functioning as software and digital service end-
points for data collection and analysis. The image on page 46 provides an overview
of the data flow within this setup. Detecting vulnerabilities and implementing
security updates are essential tasks in both scenarios, demonstrating our com-
mitment to maintaining robust security measures across our technical landscape.

Box 2: What is TESSA® APM?

“TESSA® APM, short for Asset Performance
Management, is a comprehensive platform designed
to provide an insightful overview of transformer
fleets. By leveraging advanced algorithms and the
latest standards, TESSA® APM stores and analyzes
inspection and sensor data in a centralized
database, enables automated evaluations and
provides actionable recommendations. Users can
generate individual assessments and define
necessary actions with analytical support in the
expert cockpit, optimizing their maintenance
strategies. Seamlessly integrating with ETOS®,
TESSA® APM detects irregularities early on and
facilitates timely life-extending measures. Delve into
the digital realm of MR through "myReinhausen,"
MR's central digital customer platform, to access
TESSA® APM and explore additional services
tailored to support your needs within the context of
MR products and services.”

EXAMPLE 1: Vulnerability Management of MR ETOS® as Embedded device

In the development of ETOS®, we rely on a Linux-based System-on-Chip (SOC)

architecture, incorporating various third-party components, hardware that was
developed in-house as well as 3rd party sensors. The process of vulnerability
management is shown in the image below. To ensure security integrity, we
utilize our Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) as a comprehensive component
list, which is used in the identification of vulnerabilities.

Critical to our security measures is the US NIST’s National Vulnerability Data-

base (NVD), serving as a one of the sources for vulnerability information. This
database includes Common Vulnerability Enumerations (CVE) as unique iden-
tifiers, Common Platform Enumations (CPE) for component matching, and
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) scores for assessing vulnera-
bility severity and impact in the target environment. Our CVE Search Server
consolidates this data, continuously detecting new vulnerabilities and generat-
ing Jira tickets for immediate action.
46 CYBER
SECURITY

Our vulnerability management process consists of both an internal as well

as an external process. The internal process starts with weekly evaluations of
newly discovered vulnerabilities. In our decision-making process, low to medium
vulnerabilities are addressed in our semi-annual software releases. High or criti-
cal vulnerabilities are prioritized for immediate resolution and are accompanied
by additional risk management actions. This is shown as part of external process
from the following image. The external process and the corresponding communi-
cation strategy involves issuing security advisories on our webpage and directly
contacting customers if appropriate.

External process
Customers
+ Communicate vulnerabilities
(security advisories)

+ Product (software) updates

Product

Components
(SBOM)

Internal process
Dependencies
+ Inventory

+ Information about vulnerabilities

+ Gathering and evaluate

…

This proactive approach ensures that not only the design and implementation
of ETOS® remain secure, but also emphasizes the importance of providing
software updates to devices in the field, accessible through the myReinhausen
customer portal.

EXAMPLE 2: Vulnerability Management of myReinhausen & TESSA® APM

as Digital Service platforms

In managing vulnerabilities for our myReinhausen portal and the TESSA®

APM platform, MR follows a method similar to that used for ETOS® as shown
in the above image. However, due to differing development environments and
customer deployments, there are slight variations in the process. While ETOS®
operation occurs at the customer/operator site, our software portals operate
within MR’s own data centers and a limited number of customer sites, which
simplifies software updates. Nevertheless, software component analysis and
vulnerability detection remain necessary. These tasks are facilitated by a com-
mercial application that analyzes software components, identifies vulnerabili-
ties and their potential impact, and suggests updates for these components if
available, as shown in the lower-left part of the above image.

Updates for the portal software are conducted in fixed development cycles
Photo: Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen

multiple times a year to introduce new features. Security enhancements are im-
plemented based on their urgency, either through regular releases or as emer-
gency updates occurring between regular cycles. This proactive approach under-
scores MR's commitment to maintaining the integrity and security of our
software solutions. It ensures that our customers can rely on robust and up-
to-date systems, enhancing their overall experience and satisfaction with our
products and services.
Transformer Technology June 2024 47

Issue 37

PRODUCTCERT AS PSIRT

Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen's ProductCERT operates as the Product Security

Incident Response Team (PSIRT), ensuring the implementation of product secu-
rity measures. Beyond vulnerability management, the team plays a vital role in
integrating "security by design" principles into the MR product lifecycle man-
agement process. This involves conducting cybersecurity risk assessments,
performing vulnerability management activities, and publishing security advi-
sories to inform our customers if necessary. Furthermore, our ProductCERT
serves as the central point of contact internally as well as for customers and
other third parties, facilitating effective communication, and coordination and
addressing of security-related concerns.

CONCLUSION

Cybersecurity is a top priority for Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH and

our customers. Implementing comprehensive measures across all aspects and
stages of product development is essential to safeguarding against potential
threats. From initial design to ongoing maintenance, we are committed to ensur-
ing the security and integrity of our products and services.

This commitment is reflected in MR's ecosystem, encompassing a range

of offerings from ETOS® as an edge device to our digital service platforms
myReinhausen and TESSA® APM. By integrating robust cybersecurity measures
into every aspect of our products, we strive to provide our customers with
peace of mind and confidence in the security of their operations.

Dr. Hubert Feyrer has studied technical

computer science at the University of Ap-
plied Sciences (FH) Regensburg. This was
followed by employment as Unix/Solaris/
NetBSD system administrator and as com-
puter science teacher, both at the University
of Applied Sciences Regensburg as well as
Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken,
NJ, USA. After receiving a PhD in Infor-
mation Science from the University of Re-
gensburg start as developer of hard-and
software as well as network and security
solutions, with later promotion to IT manag-
er (CTO). As such, performing security con-
sulting according to ISO 27001 and later
changing into the automotive sector as
Chief Information Security Officer (CISO).
Recent occupations include working as CISO
for one of Germany`s largest process-and
people service provider and a major German
car manufacturer, currently responsible as
Cyber Security Expert for a supplier of the
energy sector.
48 COMPANY
SPOTLIGHT

COMPANY SPOTLIGHT
Voltyx

We Empower
Possible

Photo: Voltyx
Power Systems Technology June 2024 49

Issue 37

Our Story reliably enabling the electrification

The Voltyx brand emerged from the of everything. With over 775 Staff
alliance of two leading power industry Technicians, 203 Engineers, 753 Fleet
solution providers, Electric Power Vehicles, 55 Oil Processing Rigs, and
Systems (EPS) and North American 35 Offices nationwide, our 5 operating
Substation Services (NASS). Both found companies provide full comprehensive
common ground through longstanding electric power solutions sure to fit your
reputations of steadfast commitment requirements and projects.
to quality through safety, innovation,
and service. The Voltyx family of Our Products
companies, EPS, NASS, EPST, TLS, NOMOS is a Voltyx company, part of a
and NOMOS, is united by the drive to powerhouse of brands that have been
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we commit to ‘Setting the Standard of infrastructure needs. NOMOS holds
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is the partner you can count on to guide control cabinets for discerning power workforce and expertise,
you through the latest advancements transformer manufacturers and utilities-
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Our Services variety of solutions and customizable while keeping safety at the
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 ENERGY
TRANSITION

What’s Missing for the

Energy Transition?
by Michael Heyeck
 Power Systems Technology June 2024 51

Issue 37

Keeping The Lights On in Back then, transmission and markets

a New World were the solutions to our electricity
future among other items. Today, our
In 2008, the United States (US) electricity future has blurred, and I fear
Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) we are missing some long lead time
Electricity Advisory Committee needs that need action starting today.
(EAC) produced a report (published
January 2009) called “Keeping the Electricity is vital to our nation’s
Lights on in a New World.” I chaired economy, and we must take a step
the transmission section. The EAC’s back and look at “What’s Missing?”
intent was to enable the DOE (Office Pardon my blunt approach (born in
Michael Heyeck, P.E. has over 40 years of
of Electricity) for President Obama’s Jersey) and lame humor.
experience in the electric power industry.
Administration.
He retired in 2013 as Senior Vice President
- Transmission for American Electric Power The energy transition
Click for report:
serving 37 years at AEP, and founded The requires a broader
Keeping Lights On in a New World -
Grid Group, LLC. He serves on several in- view. What is missing
Jan 2009 (energy.gov)
dustry and nonprofit boards. Heyeck serves is greater growth in
as CIGRE VP Finance (Treasurer) interna- demand as energy
tionally and formerly president, CIGRE US sectors evolve to
National Committee. Heyeck served four US electricity, new
Presidential Administrations on the US DOE entries of carbon-free
Electricity Advisory Committee (Chair, 2017 and carbon-neutral
-2020). He holds BS and MS degrees in resources, and life cycle
Electrical Engineering and holds an MBA. considerations.
Heyeck is a registered Professional Engi-
neer in the State of Ohio with over 30 years
as an elected official on Westerville (Ohio)
City Council.
Photo: Shutterstock
52 ENERGY
TRANSITION

Energy Transition More But we are missing some critical

Than Renewables factors that are long lead time needs.
These are below and I certainly
The energy transition requires a welcome other factors missing. If
broader view. What is missing is this appears political, that is not my
greater growth in demand as energy intent. I am an engineer (registered
sectors evolve to electricity, new Professional Engineer, State of Ohio)
entries of carbon free and carbon and a grid planner that happens to
neutral resources, and life cycle know the grid like the back of my
considerations. Furthermore, the grid hand. That is a grand boast of course,
edge will be much more interactive. but I am concerned for our future
Of course, distribution requires generations, and I wanted to engage
transformation from dumb to smarter, you on my list of “What’s Missing?”
and shall we enter AI (artificial
intelligence)? Electricity Demand Growth
Understated
Conferences about the energy
transition are mired with the same The power sector is doing a great job
old same old. Renewables are with carbon reduction over all other
worthy certainly. Cybersecurity is energy sectors. We can all see the
worthy certainly. Resilience is worthy transportation sector migrating to
certainly. Federal-state coordination, electricity, but others, buildings, and
and more – the beat goes on. industry, will as well. Yet demand
projections show modest increases
with standard extrapolations. Are we
missing something?

Demand is likely to double – name

the horizon, but it is not 100 years
from now. It may be as soon as a
few decades. Are we ready? I am
told the Columbus Ohio area will
double in demand in the next decade
from last decade due to the world’s
largest semiconductor plant being
built and its ancillary impacts plus an
abundance of AI-driven data centers
growing like tulips in spring.

Figure 2: Bushing and Partial Discharge Sensor Installed on a GSU

 Power Systems Technology June 2024 53

Issue 37

The Energy Information Administration Certainly, demand has benefited from

(EIA.gov) produced for years the energy efficiencies (e.g., lighting,
“Annual Energy Outlook” (AEO) with heating, and cooling). Behind the
a horizon of 2050. Every year the meter solar panel installations
AEO is updated, but not in 2024. The have also helped the net energy for
current 2023 version (2022 version load picture as distributed energy
more comprehensive) shows modest resources (DERs) increase. But
electricity demand and seems to other drivers such as population
miss the inflection point coming increases, high demand data centers,
as the electricity sector grows with and transfer of energy conversions
conversions from other sectors. I am to electricity will create an inflection
not expert at predictions, but there point in the demand curve that is
seems to be something missing. extraordinary but not recognized well
Admittedly, my Columbus Ohio in my humble opinion.
experience may be at play in my views.

Demand is likely to
double – name the
horizon, but it is not
100 years from now.
It may be as soon as a
few decades. Are we
ready?

Since the analysis

identified that the
discharges were
coming from outside
the transformer,
Dynamic Ratings
recommended that
the customer scan
Photo: Shutterstock

the high voltage

yard with a corona
camera.
54 ENERGY
TRANSITION

Are We Missing Carbon Transmission Impediments

Free/Neutral Supply? Continue

We can also see central station While at American Electric Power

electricity supply retirements with (AEP) in a transmission leadership
wind and solar picking up the slack in role for several years, some of my
the AEO. Where are the other carbon friends called me the “Godfather” of
free and carbon neutral resources? transmission (pardon another boast).
Small modular nuclear reactors I wrote the Eisenhower interstate
(SMRs) are advancing, and green strategic parallel in 2005 (Federal
hydrogen is also advancing. Where Highway Act of 1956 with investment,
are they in projections? Can hydro be siting, and cost allocation parallels)
better optimized and grow further as leveraging the Energy Policy Act
well? We need to advance SMRs and of 2005 (EPAct2005) developed
the hydrogen economy now to keep during President George W.
up with fossil-fuel retirements and Bush’s Administration.
increased demand unrecognized.

We also need to enhance DERs on

rooftops with backyard pad mounted
batteries. We really should not waste
land or floating solar panels when
rooftops are readily available. These
backyard batteries can be similar to
electric vehicle (EV) sizes and may

We need to advance
SMRs and the hydrogen
economy now to
keep up with fossil-
fuel retirements and
increased demand
unrecognized.

add to the life cycle of those batteries People know I love to look at entities and their customers in
with an EV (intensive) to back yard transmission towers when I travel. the US?) have been the largest
(less intensive) transition to increase I know this space and loved every impediments for transmission for
life? The law of large numbers minute of my career at AEP years. EPAct2005 tried to solve siting
aggregated (with need to access and in transmission. However, we with backstop siting for national
inverter-based resources (IBRs) from have the same issues we had in 2008. interest electric transmission
solar panels and batteries, etc.) can But we have seen increased corridors (NIETCs), but the NIETCs
assist electricity supply, improve the transmission investment annually have been hamstrung by court action.
economics of roof mounted solar too. This investment is worthy for The US DOE is looking at making sure
panels, and get grid utilization (load the nation’s electricity needs. at least federally controlled lands
factor) from the doldrums of 50% to assure siting is “streamlined,” but
Photo: Shutterstock

nearing 70%. Imagine that, and it has Siting (who enjoys those beautiful states and some localities are more
to be imagined at this point awaiting lines?) and cost allocation (who pays involved on this matter with scores
marketable entries. among the 3000 +/- distribution of ways to do things.
Power Systems Technology June 2024 55

Issue 37

The seams are at issue with not only

distance (siting) issues, but also
with cost allocation issues. Since we
are moving to more decentralized
supply, it is important that market
reach is extended for aggregation
across large footprints. That takes
transmission.

Grid Underutilized

Another factor missing in the equation

is the grid is declining past 50% load
factor (i.e., measure of grid utilization)
which is markedly inefficient. With
demand growing and storage growing
slowly, we can approach the grid
with leveling demand further.

Transmission is seen as good Certainly, we can add HVDC (high This is not hard to figure out, and
investment (over distribution) and voltage direct current) more readily the greatest investment is to use
has the correct incentives per in the US along with grid enhancing what we have to make the grid
FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory technologies (GETs) such as dynamic more efficient. Storage will help for
Commission) Order 679 (post line ratings (DLRs). There is a lot in intermittent renewable energy, but
EPAct2005). We do not need our grid toolbox today and they are we need to control demand even
to provide taxpayer funds for not missing! imperceptibly with devices (and EV
transmission, except publicly funded chargers) to control peaks. Time of
agencies. Investor-owned utilities Grid Planning Fragmented use (TOU) rates are a way, but the
are properly incented in my view. telecommunications industry moved
One looks at the risks of approvals Certainly, FERC Order 890 established away as the rates are archaic in
and siting to justify the returns, but regional planning authorities and approach. Customers do not want
once installed, transmission is like an they are doing well. However, a to think about timing their use, but
annuity with double-digit returns. broader view is needed. they do want affordability.
56 ENERGY
TRANSITION

We must also incent new generation The distribution grid is not ready.
resources to places that have retired Fast chargers require high demand.
central power stations. The transmis- If the goal is chargers everywhere, how
sion is already there, so let us use it! will rural distribution manage the step
function in demand? We have well
Grid Resilience and Grid over five million miles of distribution
Security in the US awaiting transformation.
Indeed, urban underground networks
There is a lot of discussion and may be dated as far back as the early
articles for grid resilience and grid 1900s awaiting transformation. Some
security. Daily there are discussions investment is being made, but not
on how the grid should be enhanced enough.
for climate change, weather, etc. In
addition, cybersecurity is also a hot An aside – batteries may evolve with
topic (and I know this topic evolves the hydrogen economy to better fuel
and is worthy of the hot topic in cells, for example, lessening the need
perpetuity, with now AI?). Not sure for more distribution investment.
about what is missing on these topics Certainly, this will be better for larger
but wanted to at least list it. Resilience vehicles (e.g., trucks and trains), but
for distribution? Coming later. imagine another source coming.
It will in my view as EVs and internal
Supply Chain and Labor combustion vehicles have a destiny to
a better power source for your great
The issues of supply chain are granddaughter’s new muscle car!
enormous on most fronts. The
lithium-ion battery for example, which Beyond EVs, there are many other
is much more cost effective than in sectors looking at electricity for
the past, is sourced from outside the their net-zero future. Data centers
US. Lead-acid batteries, less effective are demand hogs and growing as
than lithium-ion today, are sourced well. We really need to focus on
in the US. I raised the issue of how distribution at the federal level as lead,
we can improve lead-acid batteries with state coordination of course.
and jokingly suggested we produce a NARUC (National Association of
better name. But seriously, we have Regulatory Utility Commissioners) is
many supply-chain issues, another doing well sharing best practices, but poles have attached solar panels
big one is nuclear fuel. distribution is not your grandfather’s challenging structural integrity.
grid any longer nor can we invest Can we advance distribution
STEM (science, technology, engineer- with single digit returns. How can we resiliency?
ing, and mathematics) labor is waning incent? Should the taxpayer (federal
as well as labor for construction, and state grants) assist the rate payer Average Home Electricity
operations, maintenance and in fact for distribution investment? Service a Barrier
all areas. The energy transition should
attract people as the electricity sector In addition, distribution is dumb Think about the average service
is in an exciting time with innovation between substation and meter, yet at homes in the US. A service at
wanting. we are asking a lot. Visibility will not 50 amps is a norm for homes that
be hard or costly to achieve (phasor predate the 1970s. It would cost
Distribution Remains an measurement units (PMUs) at feeder thousands of dollars to enable EV
Obligation Over Investment breakers?), but we need to transform charging at home (do not get me
distribution with the same investment started on the archaic time of use
On another front, US distribution drive as transmission. (TOU) approach of submeters for
investment returns remain charging at homes), but then if
(conservatively) about 150 basis And another thing. I travel all over the everyone is enabled, the distribution
points below transmission investment world and I see distribution with steel grid would have to be in lock step.
returns (+/- varying in every state and concrete poles whereas in most This is not a trivial barrier given
and jurisdiction). Surely, we need a of the US I see pretzels (wood poles). housing is less affordable today.
more robust transmission grid, but Hurricane prone areas like Florida are
distribution investment appears advancing to steel, but not much in Life Cycle Concerns
limited to obligation to serve and just the US. Even transmission is troubled Overlooked
in time (maybe a bit later). The US with wood in some places. In addition,
DOE has a goal to advance EVs, with pole attachments are weighing down What about life cycles of batteries
some states considering higher goals. poles with increasing underbuilds and solar panels? It appears in Europe
Are we missing something? for telecommunications, and some and other parts of the world, they
 Power Systems Technology June 2024 57

Issue 37

are positively addressing this issue much longer with resiliency added realistic with demand, transforming
(recycling/extending), but what are and depreciation can be lowered distribution, addressing grid
we doing proactively in the US? We for reduced rates, for example. utilization, and engaging the young.
really need to figure out what to do Affordability is important to review
with what we are doing when end these policies. It was President Kennedy on May
of life occurs. Then we add nuclear 25, 1961, who said we will put a
waste, which awaits a solution (hello, Problems Revealed are man on the moon and bring him
Congress?). Problems Solved home safely before the decade was
out. We did not know how to do
Affordability Admittedly the view here is a bit that. Yes, he led funding the space
harsh and some of it tongue-in- program, but look at what happened
The EIA,gov AEO shows the average cheek to get people to step back on July 20, 1969? It was the space
electric bill declining in current and look at “What’s Missing?” And program that enticed me to be an
dollars slightly through 2050. The my list is not exhaustive. Surely engineer. The energy transition can
transmission and distribution (T&D) there are many gap filling ideas entice as well. I think it will. Ask
portion of the bill is rising, meaning already on the drawing board. an engineer. Better yet, engage a
energy cost is flat or declining in Engineers out there are true problem student on the excitement ahead.
current dollars. Really? I do see solvers for society by their very
T&D investment needs fueling that nature. It is time to discuss all
part of the bill, but energy prices aspects of the energy transition so The grid is declining
will not go down in today’s dollars. that our grandchildren are assured past 50% load factor
Electricity demand and resources are they have a better future. (i.e., measure of grid
understated and will drive the energy utilization) which is
side up as well. This is a major The only way to solve problems is markedly inefficient...
concern unaddressed. to make them visible. The greatest The greatest investment
Photo: Shutterstock

problems listed above beyond the is to use what we have

Should regulated accounting usual you hear are added carbon to make the grid more
policies be reviewed? Asset lives are free/neutral supply options, being efficient.
58 GLOBAL INNOVATION
AND SUSTAINABILITY

The adoption of more

sustainable solutions that
utilize dry transformer
technology is gaining market
share and finding applications
in innovative sectors.

SHAPING TMC'S DRIVE FOR

GLOBAL INNOVATION
THE FUTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY

Photo: TMC
Transformer Technology June 2024 59

Issue 37

The transformers market is experiencing a favorable trend with numerous

opportunities emerging. This trajectory is being driven by post-COVID invest-
ments across diverse applications, together with the initiative for new electrical
infrastructures to facilitate the green transition. The adoption of more sustain-
able solutions that utilize dry transformer technology is gaining market share
and finding applications in innovative sectors.

Additionally, in recent months, there has been a significant stabilization in the

trend of raw material costs. Speculative fever that dominated 2021 and 2022
has subsided to more reasonable levels, fostering a more stable environment
conducive to long-term project investment.

TMC stands as a leading player in the global transformer market, strategically

positioning its products across all sectors that utilize dry transformers. Offering
a range of technical solutions tailored to various applications, we constantly
invest in R&D to explore innovative cooling systems, enhanced protections and
advanced materials. Concurrently, significant steps have been made in expanding
our production capabilities through the establishment of new facilities, coupled
with the acquisition of state-of-the-art machinery. This expansion mirrors the
substantial growth trajectory experienced by the TMC group, since its acquisition
by H&F in 2017.

TMC faces its greatest challenge in managing tailored or special products and
in relation to our strong position in this market, numerous customers express
interest in collaborating with us.

However, the production of complex solutions for various special projects de-
mands expertise and clear technical comprehension of end-user requirements,
from both TMC and our customers as well as robust project management support
from TMC.

Several applications are experiencing positive trends, largely driven by the

need for new electrical infrastructure to support global growth and facilitate the
transition towards a more sustainable economy. Significant investments are
being made in hydrogen production, battery storage and e-mobility, alongside the
continuous expansion of renewable energy sources. The data center market is
also witnessing development, boosted by the surge in social media usage, the
integration of artificial intelligence and the increasing reliance on cloud-based
applications. Additionally, in regions such as North America, the shortage of oil
transformers is catalyzing market growth for dry technology in outdoor solutions.
60 GLOBAL INNOVATION
AND SUSTAINABILITY

Looking ahead, TMC's vision

encompasses maintaining
technological leadership in
dry transformer products
while ensuring global reach
to cater to primary markets
beyond Europe. This involves
establishing local footholds
to offer enhanced customer
proximity throughout the
design, production, and
after-sales service phases.

TMC's dedication to optimize production processes for waste and emission

involves several key objectives in process engineering. Among these goals is the
aim to produce transformers utilizing recyclable or recycled materials.

We also launched the project to obtain the EPD certification of our transformers,
based on the reference PCR (Product Category Rules), using the results of the
LCA studies (Life Cycle Assessment), carried out during the certified calculation
of our carbon footprint (CFP). Furthermore, our efforts to reduce and recover
waste, with 90% of waste materials, including mixed waste, wood packaging and
plastics, being recovered by third-party entities. Additionally, we are exploring
chemical processes to recover the resins utilized in our production processes.

TMC remains persistent in its investment strategy aimed at expanding its pres-
ence in the low and medium voltage transformers market. Our efforts include the
acquisition of new buildings to increase capacity and the investment in state-of-
the-art machinery. Last year, we established a manufacturing facility in the United
States and an assembly workshop in Israel, aligning with our objective of localized
presence in key markets. Furthermore, we inaugurated an office in Singapore to
better serve customers in Southeast Asia.

Looking ahead, TMC's vision encompasses maintaining technological lead-

ership in dry transformer products while ensuring global reach to cater to primary
markets beyond Europe. This involves establishing local footholds to offer
enhanced customer proximity throughout the design, production, and after-
sales service phases.
Photo: TMC
TMC: INNOVATIONS
IN DRY-TYPE
TRANSFORMERS
TMC offers a comprehensive range
of high-quality transformers,
global reach and a commitment
to technological advancement.

Choosing TMC, you’re selecting a company

with a strong track record and dedication to
meet customer needs.

TMC Transformers SpA TMC Transformers USA Inc.

Via dell’industria, 65 - 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA) - Italy 1 Evercare Way, 30830 Waynesboro - GA (USA)
Tel. +39 0331 1252011 - www.tmctransformers.com Tel. +1 706 535 3181 - www.tmctransformers.us
62 PERSPECTIVES
 Transformer Technology June 2024 63

Issue 37
Photo: Shutterstock
64 PERSPECTIVES:
NFPA 70B

NFPA 70B – Electrical Equipment

Maintenance and Testing, an Electrical
Maintenance Program (EMP)

The standard emphasizes the importance of

following manufacturer recommendations
and industry best practices for inspection and
testing to identify and avoid potential issues
or deterioration. It covers visual inspections,
thermography, voltage and current, and other
testing techniques.

The latest update to NFPA 70B has changed

significant testing recommendations to
requirements, the words “should do” to “shall do”.
One of those requirements is an identified and
documented Electrical Maintenance Program
(EMP), with certified electricians or electrical
testers performing the actual tests.

NFPA 70B is a standard published by the National

Fire Protection Association (NFPA) that provides
guidelines for electrical equipment maintenance
and testing. It focuses on establishing practices The latest update to NFPA 70B has changed
for the proper care and maintenance of electrical significant testing recommendations to require-
systems and equipment to ensure reliable ments, the words “should do” to “shall do”. One
and safe operation. The primary goal of NFPA of those requirements is an identified and docu-
70B is to reduce the risk of electrical hazards, mented Electrical Maintenance Program (EMP),
and electrical shock, by promoting effective with certified electricians or electrical testers
maintenance practices for electrical systems, performing the actual tests.
equipment, and components.
For example, the requirement of Thermography
https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa- testing added to the NFPA standard, an electrical
70b-standard-development/70b tester must have a documented training program
with certifications to the proper testing and
The standard covers a wide range of electrical safety processes and procedures related to
equipment, including power generation systems, that particular test, i.e., performing the test
transformers, switchgear, motor control with inspection IR windows or removing
centers, motors, batteries, lighting systems, the panels and testing with PPE. Following
and more. NFPA 70B introduces the concept applicable industry standards, manufacturer
of maintenance categories, which are used to recommendations, and consulting with qualified
determine the appropriate maintenance and
testing activities for several types of electrical
equipment. The categories include:

1. Emergency Maintenance: Immediate repair or

replacement of failed equipment to prevent
harm or further damage.

2. Corrective Maintenance: Repairing or

replacing failed equipment or components
after they have been identified as faulty through
inspection or testing.

3. Preventive Maintenance: Planned

maintenance activities conducted at
predetermined intervals to prevent equipment
failure.

4.
Photo: Shutterstock

Predictive Maintenance: Using diagnostic

techniques to monitor equipment’s
condition and predict when maintenance is
required.
Power Systems Technology June 2024 65

Issue 37

professionals are essential to effectively test Author:

electrical systems as noted by NFPA 70E and 70B. Brad Nanna
Senior VP Sales & Marketing
Documentation: The standard emphasizes the IRISS, Inc.
need for proper documentation of maintenance
activities. This includes keeping records of
inspections, tests, repairs, and replacements to
establish an equipment history and aid in future
maintenance decisions.

Training and Qualifications: NFPA 70B recognizes

the importance of trained personnel for
conducting maintenance activities. It provides
recommendations for training requirements and
qualifications of individuals involved in electrical
equipment maintenance.

Risk Assessment: The standard suggests

performing risk assessments to evaluate the
potential hazards associated with electrical
equipment and prioritize maintenance activities
accordingly.

Monitoring and managing your electrical assets

are essential for ensuring the reliability and safety
of electrical systems. Regular inspections, testing,
and maintenance practices, such as insulation
resistance measurements, partial discharge
measurements, and thermography, can help
identify and address potential issues before they
escalate.

Does your facility have a documented Electrical

Brad Nanna has been in the Electrical Power Industry
Maintenance Program (EMP) with well trained,
qualified inspectors that are familiar with risk promoting solutions and service to customers in the
assessment and mitigation plans for potential residential, commercial, industrial and utilities markets
hazards? If not, and to stay within electrical for over 30 years. His experiences include knowledge
testing compliance as established by the National and specification influence in electrical power
Electrical Code (NEC) and NFPA 70E, you now
distribution equipment, switchgear, transformers,
must have, a “should” to you “shall”.
industrial and motor control. He has held positions in
Sales, Marketing, Product Management with primary
focus on electrical preventative maintenance (EPM)
and electrical safety standards of NFPA and OSHA.
Does your facility have a documented Electrical Brad is currently employed by IRISS and leading their
Maintenance Program (EMP) with well trained, efforts in inspection Infrared (IR) Thermography and
qualified inspectors that are familiar with risk
Ultrasound testing. He is also leading the efforts of
assessment and mitigation plans for potential
hazards? If not, and to stay within electrical an electrical Operations Driven Safety and Reliability
testing compliance as established by the Nation- program (ODSR) for a safer, most reliable electrical
al Electrical Code (NEC) and NFPA 70E, you now asset management system. Brad holds an MBA from
must have, a “should” to you “shall”. Clemson University and a BS degree in electrical
engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a
It is important to note that while this summary
member of IEEE, enjoys working with local universities
provides an overview of NFPA 70E and 70B, it
is always advisable to consult the latest version in the development of engineering, sales and marketing
of the standard for detailed and up-to-date classes, and a seasoned speaker on electrical safety and
information. reliability.
66 PERSPECTIVES:
POWER GRID
REVOLUTION
Power Grid Revolution: Advanced
Transformer Technologies Light Up
North America

Although it is ill-advised to engage on multiple With only Metglas Inc. out of South Carolina
fronts at once, the North American power grid currently producing amorphous steel there will
has successfully managed to be in that exact nevertheless be significant investment in this
state in 2024. Not only are network operators technology over the next years. In that time,
having to catch up in their renewable energy more studies on use of amorphous transformers
integration, but demand is actually increasing in the field would help many utilities to try it out
with electrification of everything from cars to earlier than later.
datacenters needed for chatbots. This has put
additional reliance, and at times scrutiny, on Increasing Silicon with Additive
a major component required to transmit and Manufacturing
distribute electricity through our networks,
the transformer. Thankfully recent advancements As amorphous steel production is pushed
in materials and designs are poised to revolutionize back, an entirely new method is coming closer
this vital grid component, a few of which we’ll to reality. Electrical steel is often referred to
go over here. as silicon steel due to the presence of silicon
(Si) in its composition. Usually less than 4% by
Although not a new topic, due to its relevance weight, having a higher Si content is favorable
in 2024 we wanted to talk briefly about for increasing resistivity and improving soft
amorphous steel. Grain-oriented electrical magnetic properties, fabrication of transformer
steel (GOES) which has been widely used in core with higher Si containing electrical steels is
transformer cores for nearly eight decades has difficult by conventional wrought processes due
a competitor in that of amorphous steel. to an increase in its brittleness.
This not-so-new technology possesses excellent
magnetic properties and already contributes to As such, applying novel processes such as additive
high-efficiency electrical motors; this has yet to manufacturing can provide a plausible way to
materialize at scale for transformers. Much of fabricate transformer cores with higher Si content
this is due to the nature of the industry adopting and unique design features. One study published
new technologies slowly but the Department this month was able to create steel with 6.5% Si
of Energy (DoE) kicked off the year with a long- content1 and another with a core capable of 10kVA2.
anticipated regulation to force producers to
make amorphous steel transformer cores in
nearly all applications.

Although well intentioned, the timing couldn’t Applying novel processes such as additive
have been worse given the current supply manufacturing can provide a plausible way
constraints that have persisted since last summer. to fabricate transformer cores with higher
PTR does not anticipate that this environment Si content and unique design features.
will lead the DoE to change its proposed a rule
Photo: Envato, PTR Inc.

to switch from GOES to amorphous steel in Rethinking the Insulation Equation

transformer cores. The new ruling has extended
the timeline to 2029 on only 25% of installations Dielectric fluids, the insulating and cooling agents
rather than nearly all installations as before. within transformers, are undergoing a critical
Transformer Technology June 2024 67

Issue 37

re-evaluation. Traditionally, mineral oil, derived Author:

from crude oil, has been the industry standard; Michael Sheppard
however, concerns regarding its environmental Chief Executive Officer
impact and fire risk are prompting a shift towards at PTR Inc.
esters, both synthetic and natural. There have
been some limitations though as Synthetic esters
availability is currently limited while Natural
esters, replace one environmental concern with
another, deforestation. A key aspect to switching
lies in minimizing additives in these dielectric
fluids while maintaining their ability to serve as
diagnostic tools through Dissolved Gas Analysis
(DGA), an important health assessment method.

Diamonds Are Paper’s Best Friend

Traditional Kraft (TUK) paper has been around

since 1920 and recently we’re seeing scaling on
either new alternatives or coated versions of
this paper. These new designs offer up to a 10°C
increase in thermal class, leading to a significantly
extended transformer lifespan. This translates
to increased power handling capacity without
footprint or weight increase, making it ideal
for space-constrained applications. A few
manufacturers such as Wiedmann with its
Diamond pattern-enhanced cellulose (DPE) apply
resin in a diamond-shaped pattern and DuPont
with Nomex which it developed in the 1960’s are
behind some of these breakthrough applications. Michael Sheppard Mike has 16 years of market research
experience designing numerous research practices from
scratch while leading over 50 bespoke projects with
Fortune-500 companies. In 2016 he co-founded Power
Technology Research (PTR) and has since launched
The current supply-constrained market provides
a fantastic opportunity to accelerate and even new research practices in solar, storage, battery,
implement some of these technologies for those and e-mobility. In addition to building and growing
that were sitting on the fence until now. partnerships, he currently focuses on research around
regulation and de-carbonizing efforts. In 2020,
Only a Few Technologies of Many
he co-founded Matos, an intelligence automation
company focused on providing powerful AI-driven tools
As you can tell, we were only able to focus on a
few of the steel and insulation technologies which for the market research sector. In 2023, this business
themselves just represent a few of the many was acquired by PTR. Prior to founding PTR, he spent
fronts in R&D for this single but important actor 8 years with iSuppli/IHS Markit in various analyst
in our power grid. For all of these technologies, and consulting roles where he covered a broad range
the current supply-constrained market provides
of sectors including mobile, renewable power and
a fantastic opportunity to accelerate and even
implement some of these technologies for those electricity transmission and distribution (T&D).
that were sitting on the fence until now. As a third- In his last role, he led the power technology consulting
party market observer, PTR has found these recent group. He is an expert on the PV industry and having
trends have been fascinating to behold and we’ll do performed numerous competitive dynamics and
our best to stay tuned to these developments. opportunity assessment projects, covering upstream,
downstream, and supply chain topics. In 2008, he
1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ obtained a Bachelor’s of Science in both Financial
S0264127524002569?via%3Dihub
Services and in Corporate Finance from San Francisco
2 https://pub.vito.be/openaccess/2023_Selema_Material%20
Engineering%20of%203D-Printed%20Silicon%20Steel_AAM.pdf State University. ([email protected])
68 PERSPECTIVES:
DIGITAL TWINS

Digital Twins Applied

to Power Transformers

The concept of Digital Twins, a technology This enables engineers to optimize transformer
developed by the NASA, is being transposed design in terms of performance, reliability,
to various fields in recent years. Digital twins and efficiency before manufacturing begins.
(DT) represent a highly promising technological By analyzing the various design parameters
approach for complex assets such as power and their impact on transformer performance,
transformers. DT provide a detailed, dynamic potential problems can be identified and
virtual representation of physical assets, enabling mitigated early in the process. Relying on
simulations, condition assessments, predictive physics-based models, data-based models, or a
and prescriptive analyses. The applications of combination of both (hybrid models), engineers
digital twins in the context of power transformers can predict how transformers behave by
are manifold. The perspective we present covers modifying design parameters, environmental
at a high level three types of digital twins: conditions, and operational constraints. This
the prototype (DTP), covering the design phase; ability to model and simulate, considering
the instance (DTI), covering the manufacturing electromagnetic aspects, thermal dynamics, and
phase; and finally, the aggregate (DTA), covering mechanical integrity, enables designers to take
the operations phase. more informed decisions.

The manufacturing phase involves integrating

various components and systems into the
transformer. Digital twins can help plan and
Predictive analysis using artificial intelligence simulate the assembly process, identifying
(AI), combined with condition assessment at potential bottlenecks or challenges in the
the component level, can extend the life of an workflow. DT enable engineers to understand how
asset by managing risk, thus supporting different components interact and function in
sustainable development objectives. the system. This allows integration problems to
be identified quickly, reducing the risk of delays
During the design phase, the digital twins can and the additional costs associated with rework.
simulate and test various design scenarios in a Digital twins can document transformer assembly
virtual environment. processes, becoming a digital thread that records
each validation step and associated information
and make available all reference documents, such
as assembly drawings and procedures. Digital
twins can also train transformer assembly and
maintenance personnel in a virtual environment,
familiarizing them with the transformer's design,
fabrication, and maintenance activities.

Once the transformer is operating, digital twins

become essential for optimizing maintenance
activities and reliability. For example, a digital
Photo: Shutterstock

twin can track component changes, assess their

condition by applying degradation algorithms,
perform predictive and prescriptive analyses, and
integrate artificial intelligence models.
Transformer Technology June 2024 69

Issue 37

By combining operational, inspections, tests, and Author:

probes data, the digital twin can provide a detailed, Jean-Pierre Girard
up-to-date view of the transformer's condition and President at HEXACODE Solutions
of each of its components. It can reduce the impact
of a component's functional failure by anticipating it.
Predictive analysis using artificial intelligence
(AI), combined with condition assessment at the
component level, can extend the life of an asset
by managing risk, thus supporting sustainable
development objectives.

Digital twins enable design optimization,

improved manufacturing processes, and
operational reliability by providing a virtual
counterpart that faithfully reflects the
physical asset.

In short, digital twins offer a dynamic approach to

managing power transformers throughout their
lifecycle. Digital twins enable design optimization,
improved manufacturing processes, and operational
reliability by providing a virtual counterpart
that faithfully reflects the physical asset. Digital
twins, which come in various use cases, represent
a significant advance in asset management,
stimulating innovation and contributing to power
grids' reliability and sustainability. By leveraging
advanced AI techniques, synthetic data and
condition assessments at the component level,
it is possible to develop algorithms to improve
power transformers' reliability, efficiency, and
maintenance strategies. DT can also be used for
the analysis of contingencies and budget planning.
Ongoing collaboration between AI researchers and
transformer experts will be vital to unlocking the
full potential of digital twins. Jean-Pierre Girard has over 35 years of experience
in the electronic and electrical equipment field, with
Digital twins, which enable the coexistence of
deterministic (physics-based) artificial intelligence management responsibilities in application engineering,
associated with expert systems and the results service, product safety, process improvement, quality
of probabilistic AI models, are set to accelerate management, and electronic business. He has acquired
our knowledge of power transformer behaviors expertise in asset management applied to critical
and serve as a conceptual basis for the same infrastructures and has been a speaker on this subject
developments for civil, electrical, and mechanical
internationally. He worked at Siemens for 22 years
assets that make up an electrical network.
and held several management positions. From 2001 to
2008, Mr. Girard was Executive Director responsible
Bibliography: for Hydro-Québec and SNC-Lavalin, representing all
• Patrick Picher, Alexander Alber, Sicheng Zhao, Zhongdong Wang, Siemens business units. Mr. Girard was a member of the
Sruti Chakraborty, Stephan Voss, Mohamed Ryadi, Tony McGrail,
Nima Sadr Momtazi, ‘’Transformer digital twin – concept and Board of Directors of the Quebec Electrical Industry
future perspectives’’, CIGRE 2023 Colloquium Paper Association. He has been involved internationally
• Shyam Varan Nath, Pieter van Schalkwyk, ‘’Building Industrial on numerous business committees and company-
Digital Twins’’, Packt Publishing Ltd 2021
wide transformation initiatives. He is the founder of
• Xuzhu Dong, Daniel Sabin, Lei Wang, Jun Lv, Wei Jiang, ‘’ Digital
Twin for Power Equipment’’, IEEE Power & Energy Society 2024 HEXACODE Solutions. ([email protected])
70 PERSPECTIVES:
RELIABILITY IN
EV CHARGERS
Improving Reliability in EV Chargers:
Addressing the Key Challenges and
Solutions

Introduction Environmental Benefits: Reliable EV chargers

As the electric vehicle (EV) market continues to promote the adoption of electric vehicles,
expand, the reliability of EV chargers becomes contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions
increasingly critical. Reliable EV charging and a cleaner environment.
infrastructure is essential to support the growing
number of EVs on the road, ensuring that drivers Key Challenges in Achieving Reliable EV Chargers
can charge their vehicles quickly, safely, and
efficiently. However, achieving high reliability in Challenge: Hardware Durability
EV chargers presents several challenges, including EV chargers are exposed to various
hardware durability, software robustness, environmental conditions, including temperature
network connectivity, and user experience. This fluctuations, humidity, and physical wear and
article explores the key challenges in improving tear. Components such as connectors, cables, and
the reliability of EV chargers and discusses power electronics are susceptible to damage and
potential solutions to address these issues. degradation over time.

Solution: Robust Design

Utilize high-quality materials and components
that can withstand harsh environmental
Reliable EV charging infrastructure is essential to conditions. Implement rigorous testing
support the growing number of EVs on the road, protocols to ensure durability.
ensuring that drivers can charge their vehicles
quickly, safely, and efficiently. Protective Enclosures
Design chargers with protective enclosures
The Importance of Reliable EV Charging that shield internal components from
Infrastructure environmental factors such as dust, water,
and extreme temperatures.
Reliable EV charging infrastructure is vital for
several reasons: Regular Maintenance
User Confidence: Drivers need assurance that Establish a proactive maintenance schedule
charging stations are operational and can reliably to inspect and replace worn-out components
charge their vehicles without unexpected failures. before they fail.
Grid Stability: Reliable chargers help maintain grid
stability by ensuring efficient energy management Software Robustness
and distribution. Software-related issues, including firmware
Economic Impact: High reliability reduces bugs, network connectivity problems, and
maintenance costs and downtime, leading to better cybersecurity threats, can significantly impact
economic outcomes for charging station operators. the reliability of EV chargers.

Photo: Shutterstock
Power Systems Technology June 2024 71

Issue 37

Firmware Updates
Develop a robust firmware update mechanism
that allows for remote updates to address bugs
and introduce new features without requiring
physical access to the charger.

Redundant Systems
Implement redundant systems and fail-safes to
ensure continued operation in case of software
failures.

Cybersecurity Measures
Incorporate strong cybersecurity measures to
protect against hacking and unauthorized access,
ensuring data integrity and system reliability.

Challenge: Network Connectivity

Reliable network connectivity is essential for real-
time monitoring, remote diagnostics, and user
authentication. Network interruptions can lead to Innovative Technologies Enhancing EV Charger
operational disruptions and reduced reliability. Reliability

Solutions: Multiple Connectivity Options Predictive Maintenance

Provide multiple connectivity options, such as Predictive maintenance leverages data analytics
wired Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks, and machine learning to predict when a charger
to ensure continuous operation even if one component is likely to fail. By analyzing data
network fails. from sensors and historical maintenance
records, operators can schedule maintenance
Network Management before failures occur, minimizing downtime and
Implement advanced network management enhancing reliability.
tools to monitor connectivity and diagnose
issues promptly. Modular Design
Modular design involves creating EV
Edge Computing chargers with interchangeable modules for
Utilize edge computing to process critical data key components such as power electronics,
locally, reducing dependency on continuous connectors, and control units. This approach
network connectivity. simplifies repairs and upgrades, reducing
downtime and maintenance costs. If a module
Challenge: User Experience fails, it can be quickly replaced without
A positive user experience is crucial for affecting the entire system.
the widespread adoption of EV charging
infrastructure. Issues such as complex Enhanced Communication Protocols
interfaces, slow charging speeds, and Advanced communication protocols, such as
unavailability of chargers can deter users. ISO 15118, enable seamless communication
between EVs and chargers. These protocols
Solutions: Intuitive Interfaces support features like Plug & Charge, which
Design user-friendly interfaces that are easy to automates the authentication and billing
navigate, with clear instructions and real-time process, enhancing user convenience and
feedback on charging status. reliability.

Fast Charging Energy Management Systems

Invest in fast-charging technologies to reduce Integrating EV chargers with energy
charging times and improve user satisfaction. management systems allows for intelligent
load balancing and energy distribution. These
Availability Monitoring systems can optimize charging schedules based
Provide real-time availability information on grid conditions, energy prices, and user
through mobile apps and online platforms to preferences, ensuring efficient and reliable
help users locate available chargers. operation.
72 PERSPECTIVES:
RELIABILITY IN
EV CHARGERS

Case Studies:
Success Stories in EV Charger Reliability

Tesla Supercharger Network

Tesla's Supercharger network is renowned for
its reliability and user experience. Key factors
contributing to its success include:

Future Trends in EV Charger Reliability

Wireless Charging
Wireless charging, though still in its early stages,
promises to enhance reliability by eliminating
physical connectors, which are prone to wear
and tear. Advances in wireless power transfer
technology could lead to more reliable and
user-friendly charging solutions.

V2G Technology
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows EVs to
feed energy back into the grid. This bidirectional
Case Studies: energy flow can enhance grid stability and
Success Stories in EV Charger Reliability reliability. V2G-enabled chargers will need to
be highly reliable to manage the additional
Tesla Supercharger Network complexity and ensure seamless operation.
Tesla's Supercharger network is renowned for Artificial Intelligence
its reliability and user experience. Key factors Artificial intelligence (AI) can play a significant
contributing to its success include: role in improving the reliability of EV chargers.
AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data
Proprietary Technology to predict failures, optimize energy management,
Tesla designs and manufactures its chargers, and enhance user experience. As AI technology
ensuring tight integration with its vehicles and advances, its integration into EV chargers will
high-quality standards. become more prevalent.
Robust Network: The Supercharger network is
extensive and strategically located, providing
redundancy and ensuring availability.

Regular Updates
Tesla frequently updates its firmware to
enhance performance and address any issues
promptly.

ChargePoint
ChargePoint operates one of the largest
networks of independently owned EV charging
stations. Its success in reliability can be
attributed to:

Comprehensive Maintenance: ChargePoint

offers a comprehensive maintenance program
that includes remote diagnostics, regular
inspections, and prompt repairs.
Scalable Solutions: ChargePoint's modular
design allows for easy scalability and upgrades,
Photo: Shutterstock

ensuring long-term reliability.

User Engagement: ChargePoint actively engages
with users through its mobile app, providing
real-time information and support.
Power Systems Technology June 2024 73

Issue 37

References:
[1] U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy. (2021). EV Charging Infrastructure: Industry
Trends and Challenges. Retrieved from energy.gov
[2] International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020). Global EV Outlook
2020. Retrieved from iea.org
[3] Tesla, Inc.. (2021). Supercharger Network. Retrieved from tesla.com
[4] ChargePoint, Inc.. (2021). ChargePoint Network Overview.
Retrieved from chargepoint.com
[5] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (2019). Predictive
Maintenance for EV Charging Infrastructure. Retrieved from nrel.gov
[6] ISO/IEC 15118-1:2019. (2019). Road Vehicles - Vehicle to Grid
Communication Interface - Part 1: General Information and Use-
case Definition. Retrieved from iso.org
[7] IEEE Xplore Digital Library. (2020). Enhancing Reliability of
Electric Vehicle Chargers through Advanced Communication
Protocols. Retrieved from ieeexplore.ieee.org
Conclusion [8] Journal of Power Sources. (2020). Modular Design and Its Impact
on EV Charger Reliability. Retrieved from sciencedirect.com
Improving the reliability of EV chargers is crucial
[9] Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). (2021). Vehicle-to-Grid
for the continued growth and success of the (V2G) Technology and Grid Reliability. Retrieved from epri.com
electric vehicle market. By addressing challenges [10] Gartner Research. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Predictive
Maintenance for EV Chargers. Retrieved from gartner.com
related to hardware durability, software
[11] Energy Systems Catapult. (2021). Wireless Charging: The Future of
robustness, network connectivity, and user Electric Vehicle Infrastructure. Retrieved from es.catapult.org.uk
experience, we can develop a more reliable and [12] Electrek. (2020). How Tesla Keeps Improving Supercharger
Reliability. Retrieved from electrek.co
user-friendly charging infrastructure. Innovative
[13] Frost & Sullivan. (2021). Global EV Charging Infrastructure Market,
technologies such as predictive maintenance, Forecast to 2027. Retrieved from frost.com
modular design, enhanced communication [14] McKinsey & Company. (2019). Electric Vehicle Charging: A Guide
to the Future. Retrieved from mckinsey.com
protocols, and energy management systems offer [15] Journal of Cleaner Production. (2020). Sustainable EV Charger
promising solutions to these challenges. Design and Deployment. Retrieved from sciencedirect.com

Author:
Binesh Kumar
By addressing challenges related to hardware Technical Project Lead
durability, software robustness, network con- at Atom Power Inc.
nectivity, and user experience, we can develop a
more reliable and user-friendly charging infra-
structure.

The success stories of Tesla and ChargePoint

demonstrate that a focus on quality, proactive
maintenance, and user engagement can lead to
highly reliable EV charging networks. Looking
to the future, trends such as wireless charging,
V2G technology, and artificial intelligence will
further enhance the reliability and efficiency of
EV chargers.

Innovative technologies such as predictive main-

tenance, modular design, enhanced communica-
tion protocols, and energy management systems
offer promising solutions to these challenges. Binesh Kumar is a technology and engineering leader,
who works as a Technical Project Lead at Atom Power
As the industry continues to evolve, stakeholders Inc., in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. His background
must collaborate to establish standards, share is in electrical engineering with over a decade of
best practices, and invest in research and
experience in R&D and IOT product development in
development. By doing so, we can ensure that
the EV charging infrastructure meets the growing the power and energy domain. He is an active IEEE
demands of EV users and supports a sustainable senior member and serves in several leadership roles
and electrified future. within IEEE.
74 PERSPECTIVES:
OFFSHORE CABLE
MAINTENANCE
Minimizing costs and waste in offshore
cable maintenance

Submarine cable repairs are critical, with each day of downtime causing considerable economic damage to the owner. Keeping spare
parts in stock that are compatible with common HVAC submarine cables reduces spare parts stock and minimizes cost, waste and
downtime.

When it comes to repairing submarine cables, While spare cables can be stored for extended
cable owners and operators face significant periods in low-maintenance storage baskets, the
challenges. Downtime can result in substantial more delicate components require protection
economic losses and environmental impact – from external influences, regular inspections, and
think of offshore wind farms relying on these timely replacement upon expiration or damage.
cables for electricity export. Swiftly restoring
the cable to service is crucial.

While cable operators can source external

elements like cable repair vessels and jointers Due to limited interoperability, many operators
among others through service agreements with must maintain spares for each system in their
suppliers, providing spare cables and joints portfolio, regardless of cable length or the
falls within their own purview. These spare likelihood of failure. This results in excessive
components, typically delivered with the original capital tied up in stock, high warehousing
cable project, include sensitive electrical, fiber costs, ongoing maintenance expenses,
optic, and mechanical parts. and unnecessary waste from unused parts.
Photo: NKT

The Adaptive Rigid Sea Joint employs a common base and adaptive components, significantly reducing spare parts stock and ensuring
interoperability across cables, as the author speaks to in this piece.
Power Systems Technology June 2024 75

Issue 37

Due to limited interoperability, many operators Author:

must maintain spares for each system in their Jakub Vastmans
portfolio, regardless of cable length or the Manager Commercial Excellence
likelihood of failure. This results in excessive & Product Management,
capital tied up in stock, high warehousing costs, Service & Installation at NKT
ongoing maintenance expenses, and unnecessary
waste from unused parts.

Efforts to make joint designs interoperable

with various cable types could alleviate these
challenges. By adopting a common base for joints,
operators could reduce inventory, minimize
waste, and achieve cost savings. Such an
approach would benefit the entire industry,
promoting efficiency and sustainability.

By adopting a common base for joints, operators

could reduce inventory, minimize waste, and
achieve cost savings. Such an approach would
benefit the entire industry, promoting efficiency
and sustainability.

In summary, finding a balance between system-

specific needs and broader interoperability is
essential. Let’s explore solutions that optimize
offshore grid infrastructure while minimizing costs
and environmental impact.

Jakub Vastmans is active in NKT’s Service business

as Manager of Commercial Excellence and Product
Management. In his role, Jakub is responsible for NKT’s
service product portfolio covering both the offshore
and onshore power cable segments. His primary focus
is leveraging NKT's extensive HV cable experience
to identify solutions for cable owners' and cable
operators' needs as well as leading implementation
teams to develop these solutions into products. Prior
to transitioning to the Service business, Jakub was a
member of NKT's in-house strategy department where
he supported numerous projects across the company,
most notably shaping NKT’s Service strategy. Before
joining NKT, Jakub worked as a Management Consultant
in Bain & Company's Brussels office and obtained a
Master of Science degree in Energy Engineering from
the KU Leuven and Grenoble INP.
76 INNOVATIONS IN
TRANSFORMER
COOLING SYSTEMS

TRANSFORMING
THE POWER OF IDEAS INTO
PRODUCTS

In 1932, Trantech embarked on its mission to provide a wide range of cus-

tomers with cooling products. We started with milk delivery truck cooling plates
Photo: Trantech

before evolving into transformer cooling radiators for Westinghouse. Today,

we continue to lead the industry with products and services that provide our
customers around the globe with trusted products.
Transformer Technology June 2024 77

Issue 37

The Power to Protect

Corrosion remains the largest contributor to transformer cooling system

failures; however, new threats have emerged for these components that keep
our assets cool. Ballistic attacks, fires, and other terrorist events, also known as
human incidents, have increased by +382% from 2017 to 2022 according to the
Department of Energy.

Over 60% of known ballistic attacks on transformers are directed at the radi-
ator cooling systems due to their large footprint and thin materials, we set our
sights on future product developments to meet these challenges.

In 2023, Trantech launched the TRANPROTECH® line of ballistic radiator

protection panels. From a distance, these innovative panels resemble normal
radiator plates but, they are actually UL 752 Level 8 ballistic panels.

These panels are also rated for 1-hour of direct flame fire and can absorb
bullets with no spalling or ricochet for rounds up to 7.62 (AK-47). They will
absorb 5 shots within a 5” square. Typical AR-15 rounds pose no threat to
these radiator-mounted panels, with no compromise in cooling efficiency. This
innovation showcases the ingenuity of the Trantech Engineering team.
78 INNOVATIONS IN
TRANSFORMER
COOLING SYSTEMS

The Power to Respond

While developing new products around grid support and protection over
the last two years, Trantech has never lost sight of the fact that our loyal
customers need reliable products and deliveries for their role in ensuring
grid resiliency. Our commitment to these efforts led Trantech on a path to
further upgrading our manufacturing processes. In 2023, following years of
development and large capital investment, we launched our new hybrid radiator
product. Partnering with Weldbot LLC, Trantech developed this innovative
piece of equipment to replace our Brazed Radiator Product line. It has been an
overwhelming success, continuously enhancing our efficiency, reliability, and
potential output.
 Transformer Technology June 2024 79

Issue 37

These hybrid radiators support a growing 50-3000kVA distribution transformer

market. State-of-the-art robotics integration, utilizing Fanuc robotics and Fronius
welding systems, lies at the heart of our one-of-a-kind CMT welding cell. This
process produces superior welded joints along with cleaner welded areas.
Additionally, the new process reduces the environmental footprint of integral
header radiator production by more than 30%. This combination of superior
product quality, enhanced reliability, longer lifespan, and environmentally friendly
manufacturing processes is a significant win for both Trantech and our customers.

This combination of superior product quality, enhanced reliability, longer

lifespan, and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes is a signifi-
cant win for both Trantech and our customers.
Photo: Trantech
80 INNOVATIONS IN
TRANSFORMER
COOLING SYSTEMS

The Power to Restore

In today’s global transformer manufacturing landscape, where components

come from various locations, this assurance provides peace of mind to Trantech
MAC unit owners.

Another breakthrough product to combat events such as overheating trans-

formers or attacks that compromise cooling systems is the Trantech MAC unit.
Offering a range from 40 to 215kW of cooling capacity per unit with 3-stage
capability (ONAN, ONAF, and OFAF), these units are designed to operate in the
harshest environments for decades. They are compatible with most transformer
styles. One notable feature of the Trantech MAC unit is the guaranteed stock of
all replacement parts, which can ship the same day in most cases. In today’s
global transformer manufacturing landscape, where components come from
various locations, this assurance provides peace of mind to Trantech MAC unit
owners. Feedback from our customers on these newly designed units has been
overwhelmingly positive, citing benefits such as:

• Providing protection for overheating transformers or those with compromised

cooling capacities
• Availability of emergency cooling for short periods
• Availability of long-term cooling solutions
• Potential to reduce downtime in the event of a terrorist attack
• Utilization of industry-standard cooling methods and technology
• Self-contained and portable design
• With mission-ready trailer packages available, Trantech currently has MAC
units in production for major utilities and will soon commence production on
a rental fleet.

In today’s global transformer

manufacturing landscape, where
components come from various
locations, this assurance provides
peace of mind to Trantech MAC
Photo: Trantech

unit owners.
Transformer Technology June 2024 81

Issue 37

How Trantech Views Reliability and Resiliency

While reliability and resiliency are crucial topics when discussing our current
power grid, these principles also apply to Trantech's manufacturing and product
development processes. Investments in innovative technology, improved process-
es, and our quality focused workforce have enabled Trantech to remain a trusted
source for transformer components for almost a century. Utilizing the Trantech
Operating System (TOS), we focus on improving reliability for our customers
using Lean Manufacturing principles. This same system, along with prioritizing
the deployment of new products and initiatives that support our customers’
future needs, adds to our resiliency as a company. Partnering with our suppliers
to ensure the continuity and availability of materials, just as our customers
partner with Trantech, are key steps in preventing high-consequence disruptive
events. These disruptions are becoming more frequent in the transformer
component market due to the unpredictability of factors such as ocean cargo
congestion, material shortages, and geopolitical issues. Trantech prepares for
these challenges, as any great supplier should, to protect our customer base.

Investments in innovative technology, improved processes, and our quality

focused workforce have enabled Trantech to remain a trusted source for trans-
former components for almost a century.

About Trantech

Trantech is the most customer-oriented and diverse manufacturer of power

transformer cooling systems in North America. Today, Trantech offers engi-
neering or re-engineering for any type of transformer cooling system solution
internationally. We provide cooling products, components, and services to a
wide range of global industries, including transformer manufacturers, fossil
fuel and nuclear power generating facilities, as well as petrochemical sites.
82 WOMEN IN POWER
EXPERT
Q&A
SYSTEMS DIAMOND
SPONSOR

AN EXPERT Q&A WITH

JULIE WALLIN, Industry Manager, Power Systems and

SUZANNE STAUDUHAR, Industry Manager, Power Systems

CARGILL BIOINDUSTRIAL
 Women in Power Systems June 2024 83

Issue 37

What strategies do you believe are essential for fostering gender diversity
and promoting the advancement of women in leadership roles within the power
systems industry?

Julie Wallin: One of the most important things in my opinion, which can apply
to many other topics, is being deliberate about what your goals are around diver-
sity and advancing women. Set them and then measure the progress periodically.
If you’re falling short, what can be done to change the course of action for the bet-
ter? Cargill is taking intentional steps to foster inclusive practices and equity in
leadership. We continue to focus on issues like wellbeing, inclusive facilities, cre-
ating diverse talent pipelines, and recruiting female college graduates to join our
workforce. There must be a strong desire to want to reach those goals. It goes be-
yond a “check the box” exercise.

Suzanne Stauduhar: For a business to foster diversity and promote advance-

ment of women, it needs to create an inclusive environment and culture where
every employee feels comfortable and valued. I believe that this starts with a
leadership team that truly believes, acknowledges and supports different thoughts
within the organization and recognizes different types of talents from each team
member. If the leadership does not truly support diversity, or sees diversity as only
a KPI or metric, then the organization will continue to be stifled for new ideas, hir-
ing diverse talent, or fully implementing inclusive practices.

Can you discuss a specific initiative or program Cargill has implemented or

been involved in that aimed to increase the representation of women in positions
of power within the power systems sector? What were the key challenges and
successes?
Julie Wallin: Cargill has had great success since 2006 with their employee-led,
employee-driven “BRIDGE” program. It was founded by women who wanted to
create a “bridge” to empowered leadership. The 12–18-month commitment is
available in North America, South America and Europe with limited enrollment
to keep the program manageable. A program of self discovery that also broad-
ens the participants understanding of Cargill will have a different result for each
participant based on their own objectives set at the beginning of the program.
Interestingly enough, the success of the program shows – in 2022, a third-party
study reported over 60% of the women reported they had moved to a higher job
band since completing BRIDGE.

Suzanne Stauduhar: Cargill has many programs aimed to develop women

across the entire organization and across multiple industries. One program that I
had the opportunity to participate in was called Bridge, which was designed for
women employees to take time to think about their own development, meet with
company leadership and mentors, and receive feedback from colleagues to help
further their development. It was a useful program because during the day-to-
day of work activities, it can be easy to push off thinking how to develop or fur-
ther your career or take time to set really meaningful goals. This program not
only enabled time to do this, but also provided coaching and a space for women
to discuss challenges and successes and to learn from each other as they went
on their own development paths.

One of the most important

things in my opinion, which can
apply to many other topics, is
being deliberate about what
your goals are around diversity
Photo: Cargill Bioindustrial, Shutterstock

and advancing women. Set them

and then measure the progress
periodically. If you’re falling
short, what can be done to
change the course of action for
the better?
Julie Wallin
84 WOMEN IN POWER
EXPERT
Q&A
SYSTEMS DIAMOND
SPONSOR

How do you think the presence of women in leadership roles impacts de-
cision-making processes and overall organizational performance within the
power systems industry? Can you provide any examples or evidence to support
your perspective?

Julie Wallin: Embracing diversity of thought will lead to the best decisions
in the end. There is no dispute that when employees feel valued and that their
voice matters, the company will see better performance financially as well. I
feel grateful to be on a leadership team within Cargill that has such a strong fe-
male-driven presence, and the level of camaraderie is top notch. We have can-
did and sometimes difficult conversations, but at the end of the day, we’ll still
get together outside of work for some laughs. When you have that level of trust
among your team, you can get through anything!

Suzanne Stauduhar: First, I think that each leader, regardless of gender, offers
a unique leadership style and impact. Not all women leaders are the same. I have
seen, in many cases, that teams led by women may ask more opinions from the
team and outside perspectives, which can lead to a solution that the team feels
that they had ownership in the decision process. When there is more ownership of
the decision, employees are often willing to push the extra mile to achieve the de-
sired results. The team also feels more valued as their inputs were asked for.
I also believe that when a woman is in a leadership position, she can inspire oth-
ers in the organization that they can also achieve their goals within the organiza-
tion. This female leader acts as a role model and can encourage other women to
speak their opinions and make their voices heard. The more that different opinions
and voices are heard, the more others also feel comfortable to bring their ideas to
the table, creating a larger environment of diversity and inclusion, which leads to
a stronger, more resilient, and more satisfying work environment. This increased
employee engagement also often leads to stronger financial results.
 Women in Power Systems June 2024 85

Issue 37

In light of discussions around "tokenism" prominent in the recent years,

how can companies ensure that women in positions of power within the power
systems industry have genuine executive authority and influence rather than
merely holding titles for appearance's sake? Can you share any experiences or
observations related to this issue?

Julie Wallin: It’s really about creating an environment where leadership and ac-
countability are defined for the role and not gender. Early in my 25-year career with
Cargill, I remember having the concept of “everyone is a leader” engrained and we
developed our goals based on a leadership mindset. I feel grateful to have been en-
couraged to have a seat at the table and it has made me more comfortable in shar-
ing my perspective.
On top of that, I have had the privilege of working for some very strong women
leaders in Cargill that weren’t afraid to push me beyond my comfort levels and ma-
ke me reach higher. As women, we need to own our development and go after it…
but having someone support our ambition is also pretty great!

Suzanne Stauduhar: In order for companies to ensure that women in posi-

tions of power have genuine authority, I think it is important for companies and
the colleagues of their leaders to stress that a woman (or candidate) is in this
position because they are the best person for the position, not because they
are part of an inclusion initiative (although what makes this person unique may
make them the best choice). If the strengths and experiences of the individu-
al are highlighted, it reinforces the actual value they bring to the company, rath-
er than reinforcing a diversity and inclusion statistic. When an organization only
highlights a person in power as being a diversity and inclusion statistic, although
perhaps well-meaning, it can undermine the legitimacy of the leader as seen by
the team.
The company can continue to support this leader by ensuring that the entire
leadership team creates an inclusive environment that high lights the strengths
and values brought from all different employees.

I think that each leader,

regardless of gender, offers a
unique leadership style and
impact. Not all women leaders
are the same. I have seen, in
many cases, that teams led by
women may ask more opinions
from the team and outside
perspectives, which can lead to
Photo: Shutterstock

a solution that the team feels

that they had ownership in the
decision process.
Suzzanne Stauduhar
86 TRANSFORMER
BUSHINGS
 Transformer Technology June 2024 87

Issue 37

BREAK- IN POLE TYPE

DISTRIBUTION
THROUGH TRANSFORMER
BUSHINGS

The electric power industry is facing challenges

related to increasing demand and climate change, both
dictating a significant migration to renewable energy
applications. In some applications, this market shift
has prompted new approaches to component designs
to meet the new challenges of this technology.

The electric power industry is facing challenges related to increasing demand

and climate change, both dictating a significant migration to renewable energy
applications. In some applications, this market shift has prompted new approaches
to component designs to meet the new challenges of this technology. Achieving
cost-effectiveness while considering all variables in the supply chain is crucial.
Central to this chain are distribution transformers and their components, which
play an essential role.

These demands drive the development of new equipment and components

aimed at enhancing durability, ease of operation, and reducing carbon footprint.
Therefore, there is a pursuit to develop new components for transformers and
electrical equipment in accordance with international technical standards, to
innovate new technologies and raw materials, and to enhance quality standards
to the highest level.

Keywords: Epoxy high voltage distribution transformer bushing – Pole type distribution
transformer bushing – Leaks in distribution bushings - Bushings Applied to Liquid-Immersed
Distribution Transformers

Introduction

The porcelain high-voltage bushing has been widely used in pole-type distribution
transformers under IEC and IEEE standards. They offer a reasonable cost-benefit
ratio; however, they can also raise concerns regarding the fragility of the porcelain
and mechanical performance due to shipping, handling, and installation. In some
cases, some users have reported a high radio interference voltage. In addition,
performance requirements dictated by the market continue to advance, in some
cases surpassing the capabilities of porcelain bulk bushing designs to deliver
performance at these enhanced levels. In response to these market developments,
the evolution of epoxy formulations for electrical applications has been aggressive
Photo: Shutterstock

in recent years, prompting an increased use of epoxy electrical components in

the renewable energy industry where superior dielectric, mechanical and thermal
performance is paramount.
88 TRANSFORMER
BUSHINGS

Capitalizing on the evolution in epoxy material performance, this knowledge was

applied to distribution components culminating in an epoxy HV bushing design
for use in distribution transformers. This document describes the mechanical and
dielectric performance of epoxy bushings while also highlighting their impact on
the environmental footprint.

BUSHING LEAKS

A study provided by NEETRAC, National Electric Energy Testing, Research &

Applications Center, shows that approximately 86% of 29 utilities surveyed, have a
level of concern regarding the quality of the distribution transformers. One notable
concern identified in the study is the occurrence of leaks.[1]

The epoxy distribution bushing is designed to minimize potential leakage points;

the conductor is integrally cast into the epoxy body, limiting possible leak paths to
the bushing flange/tank interface and the conductor to epoxy body interface. All
potential leak points related to gasketed terminal assemblies are removed. As there
is no assembly, leak risk related to improper assembly, or damaging manipulation
in the field is mitigated. The epoxy material is more durable than porcelain and is
capable of withstanding more rough handling through shipping and installation.

The one-piece design with mounting nut offers ease of installation, thus reducing
installation labor and maintenance expenses incurred throughout the life cycle of
the transformer.

DIELECTRIC PERFORMANCE

The porcelain distribution bushing is generally manufactured with a copper

wire conductor inside of a porcelain insulator, and the primary insulation is air
and, in some cases, in combination with oil. In the case of epoxy bushings, the
high-voltage conductor is in direct contact with the epoxy body. No air gaps or
supplemental insulation exists within the insulation cross-section.

The result of an electrical field simulation is shown in Figure 1; it reflects how

the electrical field is affected by the medium between the conductor and the
porcelain/epoxy body. There is a visible concentration of electrical field in the
air gap between the conductor and the porcelain body. In the case of an epoxy
bushing, the electrical field is entirely distributed across the epoxy insulation
cross-section.

The concentration of equipotential lines across the air gap in the porcelain
bushing can result in increased partial discharge activity and potential reduction
in insulation performance due to overvoltage and voltage fluctuations. In contrast,
the epoxy bushing exhibits improved performance during electrical transients such
as harmonics or voltage peaks, attributed to its more homogeneous electrical field
distribution.
Photo: The H-J Family of Companies, Shutterstock

Issue 37
Transformer Technology
June 2024
89
90 TRANSFORMER
BUSHINGS

The epoxy distribution bushing is designed to minimize

potential leakage points; the conductor is integrally cast into the
epoxy body, limiting possible leak paths to the bushing flange/
tank interface and the conductor to epoxy body interface.

MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND FOOTPRINT

The compact design of the pole-type distribution bushing provides opportunity

for optimization of tank designs and consequently, oil volumes, where the active
part is not a limiting factor, notably in single-phase distribution transformers of low
capacity.

In addition to the improved mechanical performance of epoxy bushings in ap-

plication, it should be noted that the robust nature of the epoxy insulation is highly
resilient. This material property offers vast improvements vs. porcelain where
equipment hardening against vandalism is a concern.

EPOXY PERFORMANCE

The cycloaliphatic epoxy formulation is ideally suited to these applications.

The material provides excellent hydrophobic and surface tracking characteristics
and carries a UL-94 V-0 flammability rating allowing for excellent performance in
aggressive atmospheric conditions.

Typical contaminants in application are airborne particulate, fog, and salt in

coastal areas. These contaminants can lead to surface tracking due to the action
of electric discharges on or close to the insulation surface. Inclined plane tracking
testing per ASTM D2303 [8] yields a very robust surface tracking rating of greater
than 900 minutes at 3.5kV, making the epoxy material an ideal solution in these
environments.

The epoxy material carries a UL 94 V-0 flammability rating per ASTM D635 [9];
this standard describes the method to test the rate of burning and/ or the time of
burning epoxy materials. This method is technically equivalent to IEC 60695-11-10.
This standard is intended to measure and describe the response of materials,
products, or assemblies to heat and flame.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Additionally, the epoxy bushing design offers a significant weight reduction as

compared to typical porcelain bushings of the same voltage class (0.8kg for epoxy
vs. 2.5kg for porcelain). This weight reduction provides a smaller carbon footprint
and reduced cost in transit. Based on the average freight truck in the U.S., it emits
161.8 grams of CO2 per ton-mile. Using the same numbers on the weight evaluation,
1.7 kg less weight and 1,042,992 units of liquid-immersed, medium-voltage, single-
phase transformers. And an average distance traveled of 2000 km. The total savings
of carbon footprint is 287 metric tons.

An estimation made by Environmental Defense found that pollutant gases result-

ing from transportation, in correlation with the weight, amount to 161.8 grams of
CO2 per ton-mile.
Photo: The H-J Family of Companies, Shutterstock

In general, the epoxy distribution high-voltage bushing has demonstrated how

grid resilience can be improved using the latest technology developed for renewable
energy applied in the distribution grid network.

The epoxy bushing design offers a significant weight reduction as

compared to typical porcelain bushings of the same voltage class
(0.8kg for epoxy vs. 2.5kg for porcelain). This weight reduction
provides a smaller carbon footprint and reduced cost in transit.
Transformer Technology June 2024 91

Issue 37

Mark Pattison
Product Manager
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Jeff Door
Vice-president R&D
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Amer Krvavac
Sales Project Manager
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Jose Gamboa
Design Engineering Manager
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Barry Beaster
Engineering Consultant
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Ali A. Ghafourian
Regional Sales Manager
The H-J Family of Companies
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

References
[1] IEEE PES Transformer Committee Fall 2018.
Distribution Transformer Quality Assurance
— Technical Presentation — by Thomas
Champion, Yamille E. del Valle, F. Dean
Williams.
[2] IEEE Std 693 - Recommended Practice for
Seismic Design of Substations. 2016.
[3] IEEE Std C57.12.80 - IEEE Standard
Terminology for Power and Distribution
Transformers. 2010
[4] DOE - Energy Efficiency and Commercial
and Industrial Equipment – Distribution
Transformer December 2022.
[5] Environment Defense Founds Organization.
[6] IEEE Std C57.12.00 Standard for General
Requirements for Liquid Immersed
Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers. 2021
[7] IEEE Std C57.19.02 Standard for Design and
Performance Requirements for Bushings
Applied to Liquid-Immersed Distribution
Transformers. 2023.
[8] ASTM D2303 Standard Test Methods for
Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking
and Erosion of Insulating Materials. 2004.
[9] ASTM D635 Standard Test Method for Rate
of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning
of Plastics in a Horizontal Position. 2022.
Ken Peterson Troy Cherry
92

Director of Substations – Large projects, LUMA Energy Head of Business Development, MR

POWER PANEL DISCUSSIONS

GRID RESILIENCE
AND RELIABILITY
 Issue 37
Power Systems Technology
June 2024

Grid Resilience and Reliability

93

Alan M Ross Seth Johnson

Managing Editor, APC Media Vice President and GM, Powerside
94 GRID RESILIENCE
AND RELIABILITY

For me, resilience is all about recovery. And as

Ken mentioned, there are many aspects to that.
To build a resilient grid, you need a significant
amount of infrastructure and data and
information, and to be able to do that, you need
to have the ability to understand what it is that
you're looking for and what these events are
that are occurring.
Seth Johnson

Introduction

Alan Ross: Hi, I'm Alan Ross, and this is the Grid
AR Our next panelist is Ken Peterson.

Resilience and Reliability Power Panel. I am the Kenneth Peterson: Thank you for inviting me
Managing Editor and Publisher of APC Media. today. I'm currently with Luma Power, down here
Let me introduce our guests. in Puerto Rico, as the director of our substations
group. I started our large project substation
Troy Cherry, thanks for joining us. Please let us group, which is a construction commissioning
know a little about you. team and supporting internal resources. But
recently I've been supporting our capital projects
Troy Cherry: Thanks, Alan. My name is Troy as well. I am setting up a lot of our long-term
Cherry. I'm the head of business development goals for some of the bigger construction jobs
for Reinhausen Manufacturing, or MR. I work that we'll be doing within the substations down
at the head of business development for the here in Puerto Rico. And I've been doing this for
basic tap changing division, which is the voltage a minute throughout the years as a contractor as
control that's installed in large transmission and well. It's a privilege to be down here and be a part
distribution substations. of the rebuild and reorganization of our Puerto
Rico grid.

AR Thanks Troy. Next up, Seth

Johnson. What does grid resilience mean to you?

Seth Johnson: Thanks, Alan, I am happy to be

here. I'm Seth Johnson with a company called
Powerside. We focus on the niche area of power
AR The first question I've got is, if you
were to explain to me as if I was not a
grid expert, what does grid resilience mean?
quality, and so I'm excited to discuss today how

KP
Photo: Shutterstock

that impacts grid reliability and grid resilience. To keep it simple, I won't go into the
I am the President and General Manager for public safety aspect of it, I thought
our corrections business division, which is about it for a minute and I relate it more to
headquartered out of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. training for a marathon, right?
Power Systems Technology June 2024 95

Issue 37

For a marathon, and I am a runner, I put it in

that perspective and thinking about, it means
to continue to make sure the body is readyfor
SJ For me, creative resilience is really the
ability to withstand and recover from
events. With that, there has to be an incredible
the long challenge. Let's think about amount of infrastructure in place to be able
resilience that way. to recover from these events. To do so, this
could be automatic, where there could be some
I'm currently going through some of our manual interference there that needs to be
FEMA training now to be a part of the Incident done to be able to recover.
Command Center upcoming next month
during our hurricane season. This is part of But I kind of like to think of it like the fact
the process of resilience, make sure that we we all use computers in our daily lives, right?
are ready to respond for an incident, whether I personally use a PC, and from time to time,
it's a natural disaster or a threat, can be I'll get a notification on the PC that Windows
cybersecurity as well. has stopped working and please wait for a
response or close the program. And right at
Just as being prepared as a marathon runner, the time you're about to close the program, it
continuing to train and make sure the body starts responding again, right? For me, that's an
can handle that long duration, right? If I train example, an easy example of what resilience
enough and I don't just show up on the day is. It has recovered itself, and it's now moving
of the race thinking I'm going to survive this forward and it's working again.
challenge, then I'm better to respond and be
ready for the next race. For me, resilience is all about recovery. And
as Ken mentioned, there are many aspects

AR Great analogy Ken, thank you. The

body will react differently depending
on how hard it prepared, just as the grid will.
to that. To build a resilient grid, you need a
significant amount of infrastructure and data
and information, and to be able to do that, you
need to have the ability to understand what it
Seth, same question to you. Any difference, or is that you're looking for and what these events
what's your analogy? are that are occurring. For instance, if it's an
96 GRID RESILIENCE
AND RELIABILITY

event like a tree that goes onto a power line, affecting larger regions where utilities may not
maybe a recloser trips or power comes back on have been experienced in before. So now you
automatically, that's an automatic situation that bring into this kind of concept of utilities that
occurs. It's resilient. It's recovered on its own. haven't been exposed to these kinds of events,
So that's how I see it. now having to consider the restoration and
resiliency kind of methodologies.

AR Excellent. Auto recovery. All right,

Troy, same question. I think the important part is something
that both of my fellow panelists mentioned

TC My background is actually substation

automation and protection, so I'm
right down the same chain of thought as Seth.
from a resiliency perspective, the ability for
restorations. That's also added in the IIJA
funding now, so there's actually a place called
I think it's the ability to ride through an event out for resiliency and restoration. Utilities are
with limited impact on the service area or doing the investments like automation, storm
service territory. When I first came to the U.S. hardening, covered conductor, undergrounding,
in 2007, these events were typically around but that really doesn't help our restoration
summer peaks, winter peaks, polar vortexes, and efforts and we really have to think probably
demand Funny enough, the Reinhausen TAP more closely on the actual topologies and the
changes are what would be used to tap down ability to enable the topologies to have the
the transmission substation voltage to minimize restoration capabilities. So, that's how I kind of
the impact of these peaks and reduce some see that from an operational and a topology
demand. And then the other option was to start perspective for the grid.
cutting out customers to avoid a larger wide-
scale outage. Definition of Reliability

Now, when we look at it 15 years later, we're

looking at wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes,
cyber threats, domestic terrorism events, you
AR
go first.
Talk to us about reliability, define it
in the same way. Seth, you're going to

know, these kinds of things. So, it’s changed a

lot, and as Seth mentioned, there's a significant
amount of infrastructure that needs to be
invested in to be able to increase the resiliency
SJ Reliability to me is the capacity to avoid
disruption at the end of the day. Is
power on or is it off? In many cases, there are
due to the frequency and the severity of these areas around the world where they don't even
weather events, which are increasing. It is also have sophisticated enough metering or smart

Utilities are doing the investments like

automation, storm hardening, covered
conductor, undergrounding, but that really
doesn't help our restoration efforts and we really
have to think probably more closely on the
actual topologies and the ability to enable the
topologies to have the restoration capabilities.
Troy Cherry
 Power Systems Technology June 2024 97

Issue 37

metering to know whether or not power is on SAIFI, etc., I mean, they've been reported to the
or off, right? I see Ken smiling over there, so, commissions and the stakeholders of utilities
obviously, he's got experience with that. It relies for decades. When I first started coming into the
on a phone call. “Oh, my power is out.” US, I was actually doing recloses. We just look
at increasing the reliability metrics by adding
If you look at the reliability metrics of US reclosers, splitting feeders, getting down to
distribution systems, which is published data, 1,000, 500, even 200 customers per protection
one of the things that you will see, while it's zone, right? If you lose a fuse, you need to send
not significant, is that the frequency and the a crew out, but a recloser can trip, and remove
duration of power interruptions have increased those transient faults. So, a lot of that was
over time. There may be many factors to that, reducing outages because of transient faults.
one of them, of course, being higher penetration
of renewables, so inverter-based resources. But having said that, a radial feeder is only as
Obviously, the way we're generating power has reliable as its feeder head fault or midpoint
changed. fault, right? You're going to lose the whole
feeder on the sustained outage. Once again,
The other thing would be things like climate when the topology comes up and you need to
change and weather-related activities. So, for add tie points, additional feeds, auto change-
me, at the end of the day, reliability is the ability over schemes, adding control and visibility to
to avoid disruption. The question is, what is it the system to just increase overall reliability.
that creates and causes power disruption or a I think you can have a reliable system like most
utility power grid to not be reliable? And that's of the US here would probably say we're pretty
really where there has to be a lot of thought reliable, but are we resilient? That's another
involved because there are so many factors question, right?
that go into whether or not power is on or off.
It may be as simple as a blown fuse or an issue
with the conductor, but it could be much more
challenging than that as well.
AR Ken?

AR Troy? KP Obviously, reliability is heavily into the

distribution system, which we're all
talking about. Transmission is important to get
our substations reliable, but having the reliability

TC Exactly, Seth. I think that those

metrics we talk about, like SAIDI,
out on our distribution systems is, if you will, our
low-hanging fruit, right? Someone mentioned
Photo: Shutterstock
98 GRID RESILIENCE
AND RELIABILITY

We must also look at the socioeconomics of

it. Not everybody can afford a Ford Lightning,
and a battery pack, with solar on the roof,
or whatever the combination looks like. Not
everybody has the funding capacity to do that.
Kenneth Peterson

smart meters. I smiled because, yes, that is our this portion of it, I only have a set number of
big initiative that we are kicking off right now. customers versus the whole 8,000 on this line
When we first took over, it was the phone call. or whatever the count is. And that's what we
So just those little things, the simple things look at, the duration and the time, when we try
that we can think of, most of the time we take to talk about the metrics. But reducing those is
advantage of, it is a different methodology. obviously the key to what we're trying to do.

We were excited when we got WhatsApp to What does the industry need to do?
get notified instead of the phone call. But it is
taking baby steps. Having the resilience goals
kick back into the reliability of our distribution
is a key thing. Having the ties and the feeders I
AR Now that we've talked about the
problems, the definitions. Let's talk
about what the industry needs to do.
think that is a great model.

Using another analogy, one of my old CEOs

had his own pilot license. After he got into
KP I used to live in California and one of
my bigger contracts was working with
some of the utilities there when it was the solar
this he was really proud, as an engineer, of race to see who can get solar up on the house
his airplane. He had upgraded the controls first and get those contracts. California is kind
and it was a twin engine plane. If you're up in of leading the way on electrification. Alan
there with him and he says, Ken, redundancy mentioned his son in LA with rooftop solar, an
is our friend, and if I have a problem with one EV in the garage and now thinking of adding
single engine, I have got redundancy, and I storage. Some of the things that are being
can click over, and I know I'm not going to lose discussed, having the shared resource within
my reliability grade, but we are going to land the neighborhood, where houses are linked
safely to wherever we take it. It is the same together as a shared microgrid are actually
little concept there for the simplistic model taking place today.
to think of it in that methodology to just if I
have that extra tie-in or I have another feed I was able to tour, not too long ago, Duke
out of the other station and I only sectionalize Energy and their DC house. The whole concept,
Power Systems Technology June 2024 99

Issue 37

As we continue to put more and more

power electronics and electronically driven
components onto the grid, they need to be able
to withstand what is going to be the extreme
temperature swings that we're seeing from a hot
side as well as the cold side.
Seth Johnson

everything was on DC and you had your are the hot topics and it is going to be
forward lightning that back feeds both ways as interesting to see how we adapt and adopt.
a source and then your battery source and your
solar, and then transferring it in between the My young son is going through engineering
houses, having a shared resource. How do we school now, so I'll pass the baton on to him.
look at that as a future microgrid to help with Alan and I have talked about that in the past, in
the reliability and redundancy? I think thereis a few other interviews, making sure that as an
a lot of discussion around it. industry, we are keeping the excitement for the
next generation. Something that I get to work
Then again, we must also look at the with is a lot of intern engineers down here in
socioeconomics of it. Not everybody can afford PR. Just to see the enthusiasm that they have,
a Ford Lightning, and a battery pack, with solar here is somebody who has been in the industry
on the roof, or whatever the combination looks for a minute and they just start quizzing you
like. Not everybody has the funding capacity to and having that inquisitive mind and making
do that. These are some of the interesting topics sure that we are introducing the industry to
that are being discussed in the energy industry. them. It could be even sooner, all the way down
It is going to make an impact when we can have to the high school level. Not everybody wants to
the meter feeding both ways, right? be an engineer, but they want to do something
with their hands. There is also a lot of research
I know there are a lot of regulations that must and development that needs to be a part of our
be looked at. In Puerto Rico we have definitely future technology that I've kind of touched on.
had a lot of solar that's been built to solve a
capacity problem around generation. As the
loads increase, everybody wants to plug in
their vehicle at night. I know there is a lot of
AR Technology will save us, right? Seth,
same question for you.

creativity around battery storage development

to supplement that load after the solar
current turns off and the lights go out. Those
SJ I think we have to be careful on fast
deployment of new technologies that
haven't been fully tested. That's one of the
are definitely some of the things that I know reasons why, for example, solar in California,
100 GRID RESILIENCE
AND RELIABILITY

is anybody testing these inverters? They components onto the grid, they need to be able
don't know where they're coming from and to withstand what is going to be the extreme
everyone's just putting them on, right? We're temperature swings that we're seeing from a
getting more and more sophisticated with hot side as well as the cold side. Being designed
that, but to be honest, early on, when we were to be put out in the elements is something to
doing this, it wasn't really a big deal because consider.
the percentage of penetration for something
like solar, let's say, was so low that the impact We need to be very diligent on moving quickly,
that it could have on the grid was very minimal, to be able to get new technology out there, but
especially when you look at it from a we can't just put technology out there that is
residential standpoint. going to fail or cause a problem. If we do, we go
through the same cycle again to try to fix those
I think making sure that we put in the right issues, fix those issues, fix those issues; always
processes and procedures to quantify and fixing issues because we may have moved too
qualify different types of emerging technologies fast.
that are going onto the grid is important. A lot
of what we're doing and what we're seeing for
the future of our resilience and reliability of the
grid is going to be driven by power electronics
AR Thank you Seth. Troy, same question
for you.

for electronics components, right? There are

a few things I know about electronics in that
they're kind of like human beings, actually.
TC There is a lot to unpack, so I appreciate
the responses from Ken and Seth.
I think I mentioned earlier that the severity
They don't like being really hot, they don't like and the frequency of these weather events
being really cold, and they don't like being are increasing, and now it's reaching different
dirty. As we continue to put more and more regions that utilities probably hadn't been
power electronics and electronically driven prepared for or budgeted for. Now they

What is interesting is when we talk about

adding EV charging and bi-directional power
flows on the edge of the grid, we really start to
look at our distribution transformers, which
we ran to failure for a long time. Now they
are actually having an impact on people's
livelihoods, because they do need to charge
their EV and they do need to do these things to
Photo: Shutterstock

get to work and to be productive.

Troy Cherry
Power Systems Technology June 2024 101

Issue 37

are looking at resiliency and restoration Then it also comes down to resources from
measures. But most utilities have included a labor perspective and a skilled workforce
things like storm hardening, undergrounding, perspective. What is interesting is when we talk
fire mitigation measures in their Integrated about adding EV charging and bi-directional
Resource Plans (IRP) or Integrated Distribution power flows on the edge of the grid, we really
Plans (IDP) right, their integrated resource plans start to look at our distribution transformers,
or distribution plans for the five or 10 years. which we ran to failure for a long time. Now
I think when we look at the old pillars of safe, they are actually having an impact on people's
reliable and affordable power, then we start livelihoods, because they do need to charge their
adding safe, reliable, resilient, affordable power, EV and they do need to do these things to get to
it gets to be very difficult to keep that power work and to be productive. So, we are bringing
affordable, because these utilities are really in a lot of challenges, but I think that as an
pouring in a lot of money in the underground, industry we have been pretty good overall in the
in the covered conductors for these kinds of US, adapting to a lot of these challenges fairly
events that we're trying to be resilient for. quickly from a utility perspective.

When we look at the U.S. with 1,800+ utilities

and 1,200 of those utilities are under 100,000
meters, some even only 10,000 to 15,000 meters.
AR Gentlemen, excellent,
and thank you.

The technology that they can actually deploy References

and afford to that an IOU can afford, then Our original panel, when transcribed, was over
you're really looking at a really challenging 8,000 words, so we have edited it down to a
environment for Munis and Co-ops in Indiana, manageable size for publication, but I strongly
South Carolina, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, and suggest that if you want more detail and
so many other states. It is just a really diverse information, access the full Power Panel
country with a lot of utilities to manage. by clicking this link. It will be time well spent.
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RESILIENCE
OF THE POWER
SYSTEM
In an era where global warming and natural disasters
pose escalating threats to power systems worldwide,
ensuring the robustness and adaptability of our grids is
paramount.

There are two power grid features we must focus on

to ensure this: resilience and reliability. While reliability
focuses on maintaining grid operations during distur-
bances, resiliency measures the system's ability to
bounce back swiftly after an event.

• Some of the topics issue will feature:

• Switchgear Technologies
• Transformers - The Heart of the Power System
• Cybersecurity
• Underground Cabling: Innovations and Applications
• Distribution Management
• Substation Maintenance
• Utility Digitalization
• Solar, Wind & Energy Storage

Stay tuned for interviews with tought leaders, practical

technical articles written by top experts in the indus-
try, perspective articles on relevant issues, and more.

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AUGUST ISSUE