29 mm 8.

5 X 11 inch
IIT-JEE ADVANCED
VOLUME I
 CONTENTS

Prefacev

Chapter 1 Basic Maths 1.1 – 1.12

Chapter 2 Kinematics 2.1 – 2.101

Chapter 3 Newton's Laws 3.1 – 3.134

Chapter 4 Work - Power - Energy 4.1 – 4.69

Chapter 5 Momentum and Center Of Mass 5.1 – 5.87

Chapter 6 Rotational Motion 6.1 – 6.133

Chapter 7 Gravitation 7.1 – 7.40

Chapter 8 Fluids 8.1 – 8.52

Chapter 9 Surface Tension 9.1 – 9.19

Chapter 10 Viscosity 10.1 – 10.8

Chapter 11 Elasticity 11.1 – 11.9

Chapter 12 Simple Harmonic Motion 12.1 – 12.48

Chapter 13 Wave Motion 13.1 – 13.47

 04 WORK - POWER - ENERGY

m
Level 1
Q. 1. (i) The cause of increases in kinetic energy
when a man starts running without his feet u
slipping on ground is asked to two students.
Their answers are–
(a) the ground (b) the wedge.
Harshit: Cause of increase in kinetic energy is [Take g = 10 ms–2]
work done by friction force. Without friction
the man cannot run. Q. 4. In an industrial gun, when the trigger is pulled
a gas under pressure is released into the barrel
Akanksha: Cause of increase in kinetic behind a ball of mass m. The ball slides smoothly
energy is work done by internal (muscle) inside the barrel and the force exerted by the gas
forces of the body. on the ball varies as
Who is right?
(ii) An inextensible rope is hanging from a tree.
A monkey, having mass m, climbs to a height Where L is length of the end of the barrel from the
h grabbing the rope tightly. The monkey starts initial position of the ball and x is instantaneous
from rest and ends up hanging motionlessly displacement of the ball from its initial position.
on the rope at height h. Neglect any other force on the ball apart from that
(a) How much work is done by gravity on the applied by the gas. Calculate the speed (V) of the
monkey? ball with which it comes out of the gun.
(b) How much work is done by the rope on the L

monkey?
x
(c) Using work – energy theorem, explain
the increase in mechanical energy of the
monkey. Gas Cylinder
Q. 2. A man of mass M jumps from rest, straight up,
Q. 5. A particle of mass 3 kg takes 2 second to move
from a flat concrete surface. Centre of mass of the
from point A to B under the action of gravity and
man rises a distance h at the highest point of the
another constant force
motion. Find the work done by the normal contact 
force (between the man’s feet and the concrete = -  +
( 
) , where the unit vector
floor) on the man. k̂ is in the direction of upward vertical.

Q. 3. A block of mass m = 10 kg is released from the top The position vector of point B is
of the smooth inclined surface of a wedge which
is moving horizontally toward right at a constant

= - - ( )
and velocity of the

velocity of u = 10 m/s. Inclination of the wedge particle when it reaches B is


is q = 37°. Calculate the work done by the force
applied by the wedge on the block in two seconds
= ( +- 
) .

in a reference frame attached to - (a) Find the velocity, of the particle when it
 4.2 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

was at A. at a constant speed of 40 m/s when the engine

 developed a power of 53 KW. When the engine
(b) Find position vector, of point A.
 developed an output of 2 KW the car was able to
(c) Find work done by the force as the particle travel on a horizontal road at a constant speed of
moves from A to B. 10 m/s.
(d) Find change in gravitational potential energy (a) Find the power that the engine must deliver
of the particle as it moves from A to B. for the car to travel at a constant speed of
Q. 6. A particle can move along a straight line. It is at 40 m/s on a horizontal road.
rest when a force (F) starts acting on it directed (b) The car is able to climb a hill at a constant
along the line. Work done by the force on the speed of 40 m/s with its engine working
particle changes with time(t) according to the at a constant rate of 69 KW. Calculate the
graph shown in the fig. Can you say that the force
inclination of the hill (in degree)
acting on the particle remains constant with time?
W Q. 11. A particle moves along the loop A–B–C–D–A
while a conservative force acts on it. Work done
by the force along the various sections of the path
are – WA " B = – 50 J ; WB " C = 25 J; WC"D =
60  J. Assume that potential energy of the particle
O t
is zero at A. Write the potential energy of particle
Q. 7. A particle is moving on a straight line and all the when it is at B and D.
forces acting on it produce a constant power P B
calculate the distance travelled by the particle in
the interval its speed increase from V to 2V.
A
C
Q. 8. Work done and power spent by the motor of an
escalator are W and P respectively when it carries D
a standing passenger from ground floor to the Q. 12. A moving particle of mass
     m is acted  upon 
by five
first floor. Will the work and power expended forces and . Forces and F 3 are
by the motor change if the passenger on moving conservative and their potential energy functions
escalator walks up the staircase at a constant are U and W respectively. Speed of the particle
speed? changes from Va to Vb when it moves from
Q. 9. (i) A block is connected to an ideal spring on a position a to b. Which of the following statement
horizontal frictionless surface. The block is is/are true –
  
pulled a short distance and released. Plot the (a) Sum of work done by and =
variation of kinetic energy of the block vs the Ub – Ua + Wb – Wa
spring potential energy.   
(b) Sum of work done by and =
(ii) A ball of mass 200 g is projected from the
top of a building 20 m high. The projection
- Ê ˆ
speed is 10 m/s at an angle q = ÁË ˜¯ (c) Sum of work done by all five forces =
from the horizontal. Sketch a graph of kinetic
energy of the ball against height measured  
from the ground. Indicate the values of kinetic (d) Sum of work done by and =
energy at the top and bottom of the building (Ub + Wb) – (Ua + Wa).
and at the highest point of the trajectory, Q. 13.
specifying the heights on the graph. Neglect F (in N)
air resistance and take g = 10 m/s2
1
Q. 10. A car of mass m = 1600 kg, while moving on any
X (in m)
road, experiences resistance to its motion given O 1 2.5 3.5 5.5
by (m + nV2) newton; where m and n are positive -1
constants. On a horizontal road the car moved
 Work - Power - Energy 4.3

The given graph represents the total force in x (a) Find the work done by the snake against
direction being applied on a particle of mass gravity (Wg)
m = 2 kg that is constrained to move along x (b) Will the answer to part (a) be different if the
axis. What is the minimum possible speed of the
snake were of half the length but of same
particle when it was at x = 0?
mass.
Q. 14. A vertical spring supports a beaker containing
Q. 17. A uniform rope of linear mass density l (kg/m)
some water in it. Water slowly evaporates and the
passes over a smooth pulley of negligible
compression in the spring decreases. Where does
dimension. At one end B of the rope there is a
the elastic potential energy stored in the spring
small particle having mass one fifty of the rope.
go?
Initially the system is held at rest with length
L of the rope on one side and length on the

other side of the pulley (see fig). The external

agent begins to pull the end A downward. Find
the minimum work that the agent must perform
so that the small particle will definitely reach the
pulley.

Q. 15. A pan of negligible mass is supported by an ideal

spring which is vertical. Length of the spring is Lo.
A mass M of sand is lying nearby on the floor. A L
4
boy lifts a small quantity of sand and gently puts A
it into the pan. This way he slowly transfers the Force
entire sand into the pan. The spring compresses L by external agent

by . Assume that height of the sand heap on the

floor as well as in the pan is negligible. Calculate
B
the work done by the boy against gravity in
transferring the entire sand into the pan.
Q. 18. A particle of mass m = 100 g is projected
vertically up with a kinetic energy of 20 J form
a position where its gravitational potential energy
is – 50 J. Find the maximum height to which the
L0
particle will rise above its point of projection.
[g = 10 m/s2]
M
Q. 19. A physics student writes the elastic potential
Q. 16. A snake of mass M and length L is lying on an energy stored in a spring as = + ,
incline of inclination 30°. It craws up slowly and where L is the natural length of the spring, x is
overhangs half its length vertically. Assume that extension or compression in it and K is its force
the mass is distributed uniformly along the length constant. A block of mass M travelling with speed
of the snake and its hanging part as well as the V hits the spring and compresses it.
part on the incline both remain straight. L
V
M
L L
2 Find the maximum compression caused.
Q. 20. A block of mass m = 4 kg is kept on an incline
connected to a spring (see fig). The angle of
30°
the incline is q = 30° and the spring constant is
 4.4 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

K = 80 N/m. There is a very small friction between (b) At what distance from A the mass will come
the block and the incline. The block is released to rest for the first time after being released.
with spring in natural length. Find the work done A
by the friction on the block till the block finally
comes to rest.[g = 10 m/s2]

k
m
B

Q. 25. Two blocks 1 and 2 start from same point A on

a smooth slide at the same time. The track from
A to B to C is common for the two blocks. At C
= 30° the track divides into two parts. Block 1 takes the
route C–D–E and gets airborne after E. Block 2
Q. 21. A body is projected directly up a plane which is moves along CFGH. Point E is vertically above G
inclined at an angle q to the horizontal. It was and the stretch GH is horizontal. Block 1 lands at
found that when it returns to the starting point its point H.
speed is half its initial speed.

(a) Where is the other block at the time block 1
(a) Was dissipation of mechanical energy of the lands at H? Has it already crossed H or yet to
body, due to friction, higher during ascent or reach there?
descent?
(b) Which block will reach at H with higher
(b) Calculate the coefficient of friction (m) speed ?
between the body and the incline.
A 2
1
Q. 22. A tanker filled with water starts at rest and then 1
rolls, without any energy loss to friction, down E
a valley. Initial height of the tanker is h1. The B
tanker, after coming down, climbs on the other D 2
C
side of the valley up to a height h2. Throughout F G H
the journey, water leaks from the bottom of the
tanker. How does h2 compare with h1? Q. 26 In the arrangement shown in the figure, block B
of mass M rests on a weighing scale. Ball A is
released from a position where spring is in its
natural length and the scale shows the correct
weight of block B. Find the mass of ball A so
h1
that the minimum reading shown by the scale
subsequently is half the true weight of B.

Q. 23. A stone with weight W is thrown vertically upward

into air with initial speed u. Due to air friction a
constant force R acts on the stone, throughout its
flight. Find –
(a) the maximum height reached and k

(b) speed of stone on reaching the ground. A

Q. 24. A mass m = 0.1 kg is attached to the end B of an
B M
elastic string AB with stiffness k = 16 N/m and
natural length l0 = 0.25 m. The end A of the string
is fixed. The mass is pulled down so that AB is
2l0 = 0.5 m and then released. Q. 27 In an aircraft carrier warship the runway is a
20 m long strip inclined at q = 20° to the
(a) Find the velocity of the mass when the string horizontal. The launcher is effectively a large
gets slack for the first time. spring that pushes an aircraft of mass m = 2000
 Work - Power - Energy 4.5

kg for first 5 m of the 20 m long runway. The jet position x as shown in the figure.
engine of the plane produces a constant thrust of When the particle is at x = x0, it is given a kinetic
6 × 104 N for the entire length of the runway. The energy (k) such that 0 < k < 4U0
plane needs to have a speed of 180 kph at the end
of the runway. Neglect air resistance and calculate (a) Does the particle ever reach the origin?
the spring constant of the launcher. [sin 20° = 0.3 (b) Qualitatively describe the motion of the
and g = 10 m/s2] particle.
U(x)

6U0
m
20
5U0

q
U0
Q. 28 A block of mass M is placed on a horizontal
x
surface having coefficient of friction m. A constant O x0

pulling force = is applied on the block to

Q. 32 A pillar having square cross section of side length
displace it horizontally through a distance d. Find L is fixed on a smooth floor. A particle of mass m
the maximum possible kinetic energy acquired by is connected to a corner A of the pillar using an
the block. inextensible string of length 3.5 L. With the string
Q. 29 A small block is made to slide, starting from rest, just taut along the line BA, the particle is given a
along two equally rough circular surfaces from A velocity v perpendicular to the string. The particle
to B through path 1 and 2. The two paths have slides on the smooth floor and the string wraps
equal radii. The speed of the block at the end of around the pillar.
the slide was found to be V1 and V2 for path 1 and
2 respectively. Which one is larger V1 or V2? m
3.5 L B
A 1 A

L
L
2 (a) Find the time in which the particle will hit the
pillar.
B
(b) Find the tension in the string just before the
particle hits the pillar.
Q. 30 A particle can move along x axis under influence
Neglect any energy loss of the particle.
of a conservative force. The potential energy of
the particle is given by U = 5x2 – 20x + 2 joule Q. 33 (i) A simple pendulum consist of a small
where x is co-ordinate of the particle expressed in bob of mass m tied to a string of length L.
meter. Show that the total energy of oscillation of
The particle is released at x = –3 m the pendulum is  when it is
(a) Find the maximum kinetic energy of the oscillating with a small angular amplitude q0.
particle during subsequent motion. Assume the gravitational potential energy to
(b) Find the maximum x co-ordinate of the be zero of the lowest position of the bob.
particle. (ii) Three identical pendulums A, B and C are
Q. 31 A particle is constrained to move along x axis suspended from the ceiling of a room. They
under the action of a conservative force. The are swinging in semicircular arcs in vertical
potential energy of the particle varies with planes. The string of pendulum A snaps when
 4.6 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

it is vertical and it was found that the bob fell Q. 36 A child of mass m is sitting on a swing suspended
on the floor with speed V1. The string of B by a rope of length L. The swing and the rope have
breaks when it makes an angle of 30° to the negligible mass and the dimension of child can be
vertical and the bob hits the floor with speed neglected. Mother of the child pulls the swing till
V2. The string of pendulum C was cut when the rope makes an angle of q 0 = 1 radian with the
it was horizontal and the bob falls to the floor vertical. Now the mother pushes the swing along
hitting it with a speed V3. Which is greatest the arc of the circle with a force and
and which is smallest among V1,V2 and V3?
releases it when the string gets vertical. How high
Q. 34 AB is a mass less rigid rod of length 2l. It is free will the swing go?
to rotate in vertical plane about a horizontal axis
[Take cos(1 radian) ~ 0.5]
passing through its end A. Equal point masses
(m each) are stuck at the centre C and end Bof the Q. 37. A particle of mass m is suspended by a string
rod. The rod is released from horizontal position. of length l from a fixed rigid support. Particle is
Write the tension in the rod when it becomes imparted a horizontal velocity . Find
vertical. the angle made by the string with the vertical
A l C l B when the acceleration of the particle is inclined to
the string by 45°?
Q. 38 A particle of mass m is moving in a circular
path of constant radius r such that its centripetal
acceleration ac is varying with time t as
ac = k2rt2, where k is a constant. Calculate the
power delivered to the particle by the force acting
on it.
Q. 35 A rigid mass less rod of length L is rotating in Q. 39 A ball is hanging vertically by a light inextensible
a vertical plane about a horizontal axis passing string of length L from fixed point O. The ball of
through one of its ends. At the other end of the mass m is given a speed u at the lowest position
rod there is a mass less metal plate welded to the such that it completes a vertical circle with centre
rod. This plate supports a heavy small bead that at O as shown. Let AB be a diameter of circular
can slide on the rod without friction. Just above path of ball making an angle q with vertical as
the bead there is another identical metal plate shown. (g is acceleration due to gravity)
welded to the rod. The bead remains confined
between the plates. The gap between the plates B
q
is negligible compared to L. The angular speed of
O
the rod when the bead is at lowest position of the
circle is w = . How many times a clink of A
u
the bead hitting a metal plate is heard during one m

full rotation of the rod ? (a) Let TA and TB be tension in string when ball is
at A and B respectively, then find TA – TB.
 
(b) Let and be acceleration of ball when
it is at A and B respectively, then find the
 
value of .
Q. 40 A ball suspended by a thread swings in a vertical
 plane so that the magnitude of its total acceleration
in the extreme position and lowest position are
equal. Find the angle q that the thread makes with
the vertical in the extreme position.
Q. 41 A particle of mass m oscillates inside the smooth
surface of a fixed pipe of radius R. The axis of the
Bead
pipe is horizontal and the particle moves from B
 Work - Power - Energy 4.7

to A and back. At an instant the kinetic energy of Q. 43. A completely filled cylindrical tank of height H
the particle is K (say at position of the particle contains water of mass M. At a height h above the
shown in the figure). What is the force applied by top of the tank there is another wide container.
particle on the pipe at this instant? The entire water from the tank is to be transferred
into the container in time t0 such that level of
water in tank decreases at a uniform rate. How
will the power of the external agent vary with
A B time?

Level 2
H
Q. 42.

Q. 44. A uniform chain of mass m0 and length l rests on

a rough incline with its part hanging vertically as
shown in the fig. The chain starts sliding up the
O
R incline (and hanging part moving down) provided
the hanging part equals h times the chain length
(h < 1). What is the work performed by the
h friction force by the time chain slides completely
off the incline. Neglect the dimension of pulley
and assume it to be smooth.
(i) There is a vertical loop of radius R. A small block
of mass m is slowly pushed along the loop from
bottom to a point at height h. Find the work done
by the external agent if the coefficient of friction
is m. Assume that the external agent pushes
tangentially along the path.
q
(ii) A block of mass m slides down a smooth slope of
height h, starting from rest. The lower part of the Q. 45. A large flat board is lying on a smooth ground. A
track is horizontal. In the beginning the block has disc of mass m = 2 kg is kept on the board. The
potential energy U = mgh which gets converted coefficient of friction between the disc and the
into kinetic energy at the bottom. The velocity board is m = 0.2 . The disc and the board
 are moved
at bottom is . Now assume that an with velocity and
observer moving horizontally with velocity respectively [in reference frame of the ground].
towards right observes the sliding Calculate the power of the external force applied
block. She finds that initial energy of the block on the disc and the force applied on the board. At
what rate heat is being dissipated due to friction
is = + and the final energy of the between the board and the disc? [g = 10 ms –2]
block when it reaches the bottom of the track is
X
zero. Where did the energy disappear?
u

h Y
V

Q. 46. A car can pull a trailer of twice its mass up a

certain slope at a maximum speed V. Without
 4.8 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

the trailer the maximum speed of the car, up the the length of its base l and coefficient of friction
same slope is 2 V. The resistance to the motion between the body and hill surface is m. What
is proportional to mass and square of speed. If is the work done if body is moved along some
the car (without trailer) starts to move down the alternative path shown by the dotted line, friction
same slope, with its engine shut off, prove that coefficient being same.
eventually it will acquire a constant speed. Find
this speed.
Q. 47 Force acting on a particle in a two dimensional
 F
XY space is given as . Show m h

that the force is conservative.

Q. 48. In a two dimensional space the potential
energy function for a conservative force acting l
on a particle of mass m = 0.1 kg is given by 
U = 2 (x + y) joule (x and y are in m). The particle Q. 52. In previous problem what is the work done by
is being moved on a circular path at a constant if the body started at rest at the base and has a
speed of V = 1 ms –1. The equation of the circular velocity v on reaching the top?
path is x2 + y2 = 42. Q. 53. A block of mass M is placed on a horizontal
(a) Find the net external force (other than the smooth table. It is attached to an ideal spring of
conservative force) that must be acting on the force constant k as shown. The free end of the
particle when the particle is at (0, 4). spring is pulled at a constant speed u. Find the
maximum extension (xo) in the spring during the
(b) Calculate the work done by the external force subsequent motion.
in moving the particle from (4, 0) to (0, 4). M
k u
Q. 49. A particle of mass m moves in xy plane such that
its position
 vector, as a function of time, is given
by ; where
b and k are positive constants. Q. 54. A spring block system is placed on a rough
horizontal floor. Force constant of the spring is k.
(a) Find the time t0 in the interval when
The block is pulled to right to give the spring an

the resultant force acting on the particle has zero elongation equal to x0 and then it is released. The
power. block moves to left and stops at the position where
(b) Find the work done by the resultant force acting the spring is relaxed. Calculate the maximum
kinetic energy of the block during its motion.
on the particle in the interval
Q.50. A block of mass 2 kg is connect to an ideal spring
and the system is placed on a smooth horizontal
surface. The spring is pulled to move the block
and at an instant the speed of end A of the spring Q. 55. In the fig shown, a block of mass M is attached
and speed of the block were measured to be to the spring and another block of mass 2M has
6 m/s and 3 m/s respectively. At this moment the been placed over it. The system is in equilibrium.
potential energy stored in the spring is increasing The block are pushed down so that the spring
at a rate of 15 J/s. Find the acceleration of the compresses further by . System is released.
block at this instant.
2M
A M
2kg

Q. 51. A body of mass m is slowly hauled up a rough hill k

as shown in fig by a force F which acts tangential
to the trajectory at each point. Find the work
performed by the force, if the height of hill is h,
 Work - Power - Energy 4.9

(a) At what height above the position of release, Q. 59. A plank is moving along a smooth surface
the block of mass 2M will lose contact with with a constant speed V. A block of mass M is
the other block? gently placed on it. Initially the block slips and
(b) What is maximum height attained by 2M then acquires the constant speed (V) same as the
above the point of release? plank. Throughout the period, a horizontal force
is applied on the plank to keep its speed constant.
Q. 56. Block A and B are identical having 1 kg mass
each. A is tied to a spring of force constant k and (a) Find the work performed by the external
B is placed in front of A (touching it). Block ‘B’ force.
is pushed to left so as to compress the spring by (b) Find the heat developed due to friction
0.1 m from its natural length. The system is released between the block and the plank.
from this position. Coefficient of friction for both
the blocks with horizontal surface is µ = 0.2. M
V
K
A B
Smooth
= 0.2
Q. 60. A block of mass m1 is lying on the edge of a rough
table. The coefficient of friction between the
(a) Take . Kinetic energy of the
block and the table is µ. Another block of mass m2
system comprising of the two blocks will be is lying on another horizontal smooth table. The
maximum after travelling through a distance two block are connected by a horizontal spring of
x0 from the initial position. Find x0. Find the force constant K. Block of mass m2 is pulled to
contact force between the two blocks when the right with a constant horizontal force F.
they come to rest.
(a) Find the maximum value of F for which the
(b) Take k = 100 N/m. What distance (x1) will the block of mass m1 does not fall off the edge.
block travel together, after being released, (b) Calculate the maximum speed that m2 can
before B separates from A. acquire under condition that m1 does not fall.
Q. 57. In the arrangement shown in the fig. string, m2
m1 K
springs and the pulley are mass less. F
Both the springs have a force
constant of k and the mass of block k
B resting on the table is M. Ball A is Q. 61. A vertical spring supports a block in equilibrium.
released from rest when both the The spring is designed to break
springs are in natural length and just when extension in it crosses a
k A limit. There is a light thread
taut. Find the minimum value of
mass of A so that block B leaves attached to the block as shown.
M B The thread is pulled down with a
contact with the table at some stage.
force F which gradually increases
Q. 58. Two block A and B are connected to a spring (force
from zero. The spring breaks
constant k = 480 N/m) and placed on a horizontal
when the force becomes F0.
surface. Another block C is placed on B. The
Instead of gradually increasing
coefficient of friction between the floor and block thread
the force, if the thread were pulled
A is µ1 = 0.5, whereas there is no friction between
by applying a constant force, for F
B and the floor. Coefficient of friction between
what minimum value of the
C and B is µ2 = 0.85. Masses of the blocks are
constant force the spring will break?
MA = 50 kg; MB = 28 kg and MC = 2 kg. The system
is held at rest with spring compressed by x0 = 0.5 Q. 62 Two liquid A & B having densities 2r and r
m. After the system is released, find the maximum respectively, are kept in a cylindrical container
speed of block B during subsequent motion. separated by a partition as shown in figure. The
C
height of each liquid in the container is h and
area of cross section of the container is A. Now
A B
the partition is removed. Calculate change in
4.10 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

gravitational potential energy (DU) of the system (ii) If magnitude of a is twice the minimum
value found in (i), find the maximum height
A (measured from its original level at the
bottom of the trough) to which the block will
rise.
B O
R
a A
(a) assuming that the two liquids mix uniformly. T
(b) Assuming that the two liquids are immiscible.
What do you conclude from the sign of DU in the Q. 66. A semicircular wire frame of radius R is
above two cases? standing vertical on a horizontal table. It is
Q. 63. A particle is projected at an angle q = 30º with pulled horizontally towards right with a constant
the horizontal. Two students A and B have drawn acceleration. A bead of mass m remain in
the variation of kinetic energy and gravitational equilibrium (relative to the semicircular wire) at
potential energy of the particle as a function of a position where radius makes an angle q with
time taking the point of projection as the reference horizontal. There is no friction between the wire
level for the gravitational potential energy. Who and the bead. The bead is displaced a little bit
is wrong and why? in upward direction and released. Calculate the
(a) KE/PE speed of the bead relative to the wire at the instant
it strikes the table. Assume that all throughout the
KE
semicircular wire keeps moving with constant
acceleration.
PE m
t R
(b) KE/PE
q

KE
Q. 67. A ideal spring of force constant k is connected
to a small block of mass m using an inextensible
PE light string (see fig). The pulley is mass less and
t
friction coefficient between the block and the
Q. 64. Two small rings each of mass ‘m’ are connected horizontal surface is . The string between
to a block of same mass ‘m’ through inextensible
the pulley and the block is vertical and has length
light strings. Rings are constrained to move along
l. Find the minimum velocity u that must be given
a smooth horizontal rod. Initially system is held
to the block in horizontal direction shown, so that
at rest (as shown in figure) with the strings just
subsequently it leaves contact with the horizontal
taut. Length of each string is ‘l’. The system is
released from the position shown. Find the speed surface. [Take ]
of the block (v) and speed of the rings (u) when l
K
the strings make an angle of q =  60º with vertical.
(Take g = 10 m/s2)
l
m u
 

Q. 65. A toy truck T at rest, has a hemispherical trough of Q. 68. A light spring is vertical and a mass less pan
radius R in it [O is the centre of the hemisphere]. is attached to it. Force constant of the spring is
A small block A is kept at the bottom of the k. A block of mass m is gently dropped on the
trough. The truck is accelerated horizontally with pan. Plot the variation of spring potential energy,
an acceleration a. gravitation potential energy and the total potential
(i) Find the minimum value of a for which the energy of the system as a function of displacement
block is able to move out of the trolley. (x) of the block. For gravitational potential energy
 Work - Power - Energy 4.11

take reference level to be the initial position of the (b) What is the period of this circular motion?
pan. Q. 72. A small block is placed on the top of a smooth
m
inverted hemispherical bowl of radius R.
Ref. level

R
K q

(a) The bowl is given a sudden impulse so that

Q. 69. A particle of mass m = 1.0 kg is free to move it begins moving horizontally with speed V.
along the x axis. It is acted upon by a force which Find minimum value of V so that the block
is described by the potential energy function immediately loses contact with the bowl as it
represented in the graph below. The particle is begins to move.
projected towards left with a speed v, from the
origin. Find minimum value of v for which the (b) The bowl is given a constant acceleration ‘a’
particle will escape far away from the origin. in horizontal direction. Find maximum value
U (in joule) of ‘a’ so that the block does not lose contact
with the bowl by the time it rotates through
an angle q relative to the bowl. You can
make suitable mathematical approximations
justified for small value of angle q.
10
Q. 73 A pendulum bob is projected form its lowest
position with velocity (u), in horizontal direction,
6
that is just enough to make the string horizontal
3 (position OC). At angular position q, at point B,
the speed (V) of the bob was observed to be half
its initial projection speed (u).
-8 -5 O 2 4 7 11 X O
(in m)
C
Q. 70. A particle of mass m = 1 kg is free to move along
x axis under influence of a conservative force. The 
potential energy function for the particle is
L
ÈÊ ˆ Ê ˆ ˘ V
= ÍÁ ˜ - Á ˜ ˙
ÍË ¯ Ë ¯ ˙˚
Î
B

Where b = 1.0 m and a = 1.0 J. If the total

A
mechanical energy of the particle is zero, find u
the co-ordinates where we can expect to find the (a) Find q
particle and also calculate the maximum speed of
the particle. (b) Plot variation of magnitude of tangential
acceleration with q.
Q. 71. A particle of mass m moves under the action of
a central force. The potential energy function is (c) Let the travel time from A to B be t1 and
given by U(r) = mkr3 that from B to C be t2. Looking at the graph
obtained in part (b), tell which is larger – t1 or
Where k is a positive constant and r is distance of
t2?
the particle from the centre of attraction.
Q. 74. A small ball is attached to an end of a light
(a) What should be the kinetic energy of the
string of length R. It is suspended in vertical
particle so that it moves in a circle of radius
plane supported at point A. B and C are two nails
a0 about the centre of attraction?
 4.12 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(of negligible thickness) at a horizontal distance shown in figure. The particle is given a horizontal
0.3 R from A and a vertical distance 0.4 R above A velocity u. At some point, its motion ceases to be
respectively. The ball is given a horizontal velocity circular and eventually the object passes through
u = 5gR at its lowest point. Subsequently, after the line AB. At the instant of crossing AB, its
the string hitting the nails, the nails become the velocity is horizontal. Find u.
centre of rotation. Assume no loss in kinetic O
A
energy when the string hits the nails. It is known
that the string will break if tension in it is suddenly
L
increased by 200% or more. 8
C L

0.4R

B u
A
0.3R A

R Q. 77 A simple pendulum has a bob of mass m and

string of length R. The bob is projected from
lowest position giving it a horizontal velocity just
u enough for it to complete the vertical circle. Let
Will the string break during the motion? If yes, the angular displacement of the pendulum from
where? What is tension in the string at the instant its initial vertical position be represented by q.
the string breaks? Plot the variation of kinetic energy (kE) of the bob
Q. 75. A spherical ball of mass m is kept at the highest and the tension (T) in the string with q. Plot the
point in space between two fixed concentric graph for one complete rotation of the pendulum.
spheres A and B (see figure). The smaller sphere Q. 78 A light thread is tightly wrapped around a fixed
has a radius R and the space between the two disc of radius R. A particle of mass m is tied to
spheres has a width d. The ball has diameter just the end P of the thread and the vertically hanging
less than d. All surfaces are frictionless. The ball part of the string has length R. The particle is
is given a gentle push (towards the right). The
angle made by the radius vector of the ball with imparted a horizontal velocity . The
upward vertical is denoted by q.
string wraps around the disc as the particle moves
up. At the instant the velocity of the particle makes
an angle of q with horizontal, calculate.
d q Sphere B

R O O R

Sphere A

(a) Express the total normal reaction force

exerted by the spheres as a function of q.
V0 p
(b) Let NA and NB denote the magnitudes of
normal reaction forces on the ball exerted by (a) speed of the particle
the spheres A and B respectively. Sketch the (b) tension in the string
variations of NA and NB as function of cos q Q. 79 An experimenter is inside a train. He observes
in the range of 0 < q < p by drawing two that minimum speed at lowest position needed by
separate graphs. a pendulum bob to complete a vertical circle is
Q. 76. A particle is suspended vertically from a point O 10 m/s. Calculate the minimum speed (u) needed
by an inextensible mass less string of length L. A at the lowest position so as to complete the vertical
circle when the train is moving horizontally
vertical line AB is at a distance of from O as
at an acceleration of a = 7.5 m/s2. Find the
 Work - Power - Energy 4.13

maximum tension in the string during the motion. (b) At what value of q the compression (or
[g = 10 m/s2]. tension) in the rod changes to tension (or
compression)?

q
Q. 80 A track (ACB) is in the shape of an arc of a circle. O
It is held fixed in vertical plane with its radius OA
horizontal. A small block is released on the inner Q. 83 A pendulum has length L = 1.8 m. The bob is
surface of the track from point A. It slides without released from position shown in the figure. Find
friction and leaves the track at B. What should the tension in the string when the bob reaches the
be value of q so that the block travels the largest lowest position. Mass of the bob is 1 kg.
horizontal distance by the time it returns to the
Bob
horizontal plane passing through B?
A O

B 30°
Horz

C Q. 84 A small body of mass m lies on a horizontal plane.

Q. 81 Bob of a simple pendulum of length L is projected The body is given a velocity v0, along the plane.
horizontally with a speed of , from the (a) Find the mean power developed by the
lowest position. Find the distance of the bob from friction during the whole time of motion, if
vertical line AB, at the moment its tangential friction coefficient is µ = 0.3; m = 2.0 kg and
acceleration becomes zero. v0 = 3 m/s.
A (b) Find the maximum instantaneous power
developed by the friction force, if the friction
coefficient varies as µ=ax, where a is a constant
and x is distance from the starting point.
O
Q. 85 Two particles of masses M and m (M >m) are
connected by a light string of length pR.
L
The string is hung over a fixed circular frame of
radius R.
u

Q. 82 A light rigid rod has a bob of mass m attached to

one of its end. The other end of the rod is pivoted m M
O
so that the entire assembly can rotate freely in a
vertical plane. Initially, the rod is held vertical
as shown in the figure. From this position it is
allowed to fall.
(a) When the rod has rotated through q , Initially the particles lie at the ends of the
what kind of force does it experience– horizontal diameter of the circle (see figure).
compression or tension? Neglect friction.
4.14 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(a) If the system is released, and if m remains mass at the level of the pulleys to be zero. Neglect
in contact with the circle, find the speed of dimension of the pulley and treat the strings to be
the masses when M has descended through a massless. Distance between the pulleys is 2d.
distance Rq q p . d
d
(b) Find the reaction force between the frame U=0
and m at this instant.
(c) Prove that m1 will certainly remain in contact
with the frame, just after the release, if
3m > M.
Q. 86 A small object is sliding on a smooth horizontal q q
floor along a vertical wall. The wall makes a
smooth turn by an angle q . Coefficient of friction A
C
between the wall and the block is µ. Speed of B
the object before the turn is u. Find its speed (V)
(a) Write the potential energy of the system as a
just after completing the turn. Does your answer
function of angle q.
depend on shape of the curve? [The turn is smooth
(b) Knowing that potential energy of the system
and there are no sharp corners.]
will be maximum or minimum in equilibrium
u position, find value of q for equilibrium.
 (c) Tell if the equilibrium is stable or unstable.
Q. 89 Three identical masses are attached to the ends
of light strings, the other ends of which are
connected together as shown in the figure. Each
V
of the three strings has a length of 3 m. The three
masses are dropped through three holes in a table
Q. 87 AB is a vertically suspended elastic cord of and the system is allowed to reach equilibrium.
negligible mass and length L. Its force constant A
is k = mg . There is a massless platform
L
attached to the lower end of the cord. A monkey
of mass m starts from top end A and slides down 1m 1m
g
the cord with a uniform acceleration of . Just Three holes
before landing on the platform, the monkey loses in the table
B 1 C
grip on the cord. After landing on the platform m
3
the monkey stays on it. Calculate the maximum
extension in the elastic cord. (a) What is total length of the strings lying on the
A table in equilibrium?
(b) Select a point K inside the DABC such that
AK + BK + CK is minimum, use the result
obtained in (a) and the fact that potential
L energy of the system will be minimum when
it is in equilibrium.
Q. 90 A particle of mass m is attached to an end of a
B
light rigid rod of length a. The other end of the
rod is fixed, so that the rod can rotate freely in
Level 3 vertical plane about its fixed end. The mass m is
given a horizontal velocity u at the lowest point.
Q. 88 In the arrangement shown in the fig. all the three
blocks have equal mass m. The length of the (a) Prove that when the radius to the mass makes
strings connecting A to C and B to C is L each. an angle q with the upward vertical the
Assume the gravitational potential energy of any horizontal component of the acceleration of
 Work - Power - Energy 4.15

the mass (measured in direction of u) is O. The particle is projected horizontally with a

2
[g (2 + 3 cos q) – u / a] sin q velocity v0 from its lowest position A. When the
angular displacement of the string is more than
(b) If 4ag < u2 < 5ag, show that there are four 90°, the particle leaves the circular path at B. The
points at which horizontal component of string again becomes taut at C such that B,O,C are
acceleration is zero. Locate the points. collinear. Find v0 in terms of l and g.
Q. 91 A weightless rod of length l with a small load of
mass m at one of its end is held vertical with its
lower end hinged on a horizontal surface. The B
load touches a wedge of mass M in this position. O
A slight jerk towards right sets the system in
motion (see figure), with rod rotating freely in
vertical plane about its lower end. There is no C
friction.
m v0
A

Q. 94. The teeter toy consists of two identical weights

l hanging from a peg on dropping arms as shown.
M The arrangement is surprisingly stable. Let us
consider only oscillatory motion in the vertical
plane. Consider the peg and rods (connecting the
weights to the peg) to be very light. The length
(a) For what mass ratio will the rod form an of each rod is l and length of the peg is L. In the
angle q p with the vertical at the moment position shown the peg is vertical and the two
the load separates from the wedge? weights are in a position lower than the support
point of the peg. Angle a that the rods make with
(b) What is speed of the wedge at that moment? the peg remains fixed.
Neglect friction.
(a) Assuming the zero of gravitational potential
Q. 92 A tube of mass M hangs from a thread and two energy at the support point of the peg
balls of mass m slide inside it without friction evaluate the potential energy (U) when the
(see figure). The balls are released simultaneously peg is tilted to an angle q to the vertical. The
from the top of the ring and slide down on opposite tip of the peg does not move.
sides. q defines the positions of balls at any time
as shown in figure. (b) Knowing that U shall be minimum in stable
equilibrium position prove that q = 0 is the
stable equilibrium position for the toy if the
two weights are in a position lower than the
support point of the peg.
q q

a a
l l
L

(a) Show that ring will start to rise if .

(b) If M = 0, find the angle q at which the tube m m
begins to rise.
Q. 93 A heavy particle is attached to one end of a light
string of length l whose other end is fixed at
 4.16 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

ANSWERS
1. (i) Akanksha is right. spring energy gets converted into the gravitational
(ii) (a) – mgh potential energy of beaker + water.
(b) 0
.
(c) internal (muscle) forces of the body
perform work
2. Zero (a)   (b) Yes.

(a) 960 J
(b) zero
20 m

(a) = ( + + ) . –5 J

(b) (
= - + - ) (a) Same in both

(c) W = 138J (b)

(d) DUg = – 60 J h h1
6. No, the force is decreasing with time.
(a)

7.
(b)
The power will not change but work done will
decrease. (a)
(i) KE
(b) zero
25. (a) Block 2 has already crossed H.
(b) Both reach H with same speed.

PE

(ii) K in joule 27. k = 2.096 × 105 N/m

50
28.
10.0
6.4 V1
height in m
O 20 21.8
(a) Kmax = 125 J
(a) 53 KW
(b) Xmax = 7m
(b) q = 1.43°
(a) No
UB = 50 J ; UD = –35 J
(b) Oscillations about x0
12. (b), (c)
0.5 m/s 32. (a)
When a small amount of water evaporates, the spring
relaxes a little bit. Water remaining in the beaker (b)
gains gravitational potential energy. Therefore, the
 Work - Power - Energy 4.17

(i) V1 = V2 = V3 58. 4 m/s

Tension in segment (a) MV2
(b)
Tension in Segment
35. 2 60. (a)
36. The swing gets horizontal
37. tan–12 (b)
2 2
. mk r t
(a) 6 mg cos q 61.
(b)
. (a)
40.
(b) –r Ah2 g
41.
The positive sign of DU means external work will be
required to mix the two liquids uniformly.
42. (i) DU is negative in second case which means the
heavier liquid will automatically move to lower
43. side.
A is wrong. Under given conditions the two curves
cannot touch.
45. u= =
46.
(i) amin = g
48. (a) (ii) 2R
(b) Zero
66.
49. (a)

(b) 67.
68.
50. 2.5 m/s2 U

l . Work done is path independent and Uo

will be same for the alternative path Us

52. l

O X
53. x0
U
2mg
54. x0 =
K
Ug 2m2g2
55. (a) -Uo U0 =
K

(b) 69. 2 3 m/s

57. 70. - £ £ = -
 4.18 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

82. (a) Compression

(a)
(b)
(b)
83. 35 N
(a) –9 Watt
72. (a)
(b)
(b)

Ê ˆ 85. (a)
(a) q = ÁË ˜¯

(b) at (b)

V = ue–mq0; No the answer does not depend on the

shape of the curve.

87.
q
O 
(c) t1> t2
88. (a)
The string will break on hitting the second nail at C. (b) q
T = 8.6 mg
(c) Stable
.
89. (a)
77.
KE T
The four points are represented by –
2.5 mgR 6 mg
q , , and

0.5 mgR
q q
O p 2p O p 2p
,
78. (a)

 1 92.
(b) mg  3 + 
 2

79. u = 115 m /s

Ê ˆ (a) 2 mg cos q [L – l cos ]

80. q= ÁË ˜¯

81.
 Work - Power - Energy 4.19

SOLUTIONS

1. (i) While walking the contact point of the shoes do not move relative to the ground, hence no work is done by the
friction. Internal forces of a system can always cause a change in KE. The muscle forces perform work which
results in change in KE.
(ii) Similar reasoning can be given for increase in PE of the monkey.
3. (a) The reference frame attached to the wedge is inertial.
In frame attached to the wedge acceleration of the block is
= q= ∞= = -

Direction of the acceleration is down the incline. Displacement in 2 s in this frame is

Displacement of the wedge

Displacement of the block in the ground frame is vector sum of Xw and Xo The component of resultant
displacement perpendicular to the incline (i.e., in the direction of normal force) is X0 sin q
Work done by N (= mg cos q) is
N
WN = mg.cos q X0 sin q

X0
(b) In the frame attached to the wedge, there in no
displacement in the direction of N.
\ WN = o
4. Work done by the force on the ball is Xw

Ê ˆ È ˘
= Ú ÁË - ˜¯ = Í - ˙
Î ˚
Work energy theorem

5. (a) let position vector of be

Position vector of B,
 
Net force on particle

\ Acceleration

       [Taking g = 10 m/s2]

  

 4.20 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

È = ˘
Í ˙
ÎÍ = ˚˙




  
(b) Displacement

  

 
(c) = 138 J
(d) Change in potential energy = mg × (Vertical displacement)
= mg (–2) = – 60J
Q

6. Slope of the graph = a constant.

With increase in speed of the particle, the force must decrease so that P = Fv = a constant.
7. Fv = P

m v2dv = P dx

Integrating and simplifying gives

8. If the passenger moves up an escalator at a constant speed, the average force that he exerts on the staircase remains
unaltered equal to his weight. Therefore the force with which the motor must drive the staircase will also remain the
same. The power which has to be exerted by the motor remains the same. However a walking man will reach the
top of the escalator sooner and therefore the work done by the motor of the escalator in raising a moving man will
be less than that done in raising a stationary one (the part of the work is done by the man).
9. (ii) Mechanical energy at the time of projection

   = 10 + 40 = 50 J
 Work - Power - Energy 4.21

y
H

Kinetic energy at height y is

K = E  –  mgy
K = 50 – 2y ………………….(i)
q ¥
= + = + = + =
¥ ¥

Graph is plot of equation (1)

K in J

A
50

C
10.0
6.4 B
O y
20 21.8
height in m

point A $ bottom of the building

point B $ highest point in trajectory
point C $ top of the building
If we follow the motion of the ball, the graph starts at C, moves to B and then moves from B to A.
10. Resistance force FR = (m + nV2)
Power = FR .V
\ (m + nV2) V = P
For V = 40 m/s
[m + n (40)2] × 40 = 53 × 103
& m + 1600 n = 1325 …………(1)
For V = 10 m/s
[m + n (10)2] × 10 = 2 × 103
m + 100n = 200 …………(2)
(1) - (2)
1500 n = 1125
n = 0.75
put in (2) m = 125
\ FR = 125 + 0.75 V2
(a) P = FR.V
= [125 + 0.75 (40)2] 40 = 53000 W = 53 KW
 4.22 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(b) V
FR

mgsinq

q
(mg sin q FR)V = 69 × 103
mg sinq V + FRV = 69000
From last part of the question
FAV = 53000 W for V = 40 m/s

q in radian will be approximately

In degree = 1. 43°

11. Work done by a conservative force in a closed path is zero

\ WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA = 0
–50 + 25 + 60 + WDA = 0
& WDA = – 35 J
UB – UA = –WA"B
UB – O = 50 J & UB = 50 J
And UD – UA = – WA"D
  UD – O = – (+ 35) & UD = – 35 J
13. Work done by the force in position of the particle changing from x = 0 to x = 5.5 m is
W = area under the given graph

= 1.75 – 2.0 = – 0.25 J

From work – energy theorem
Kf – Ki = –  0.25
\ Ki = Kf + 0.25
Since Kf > 0
\ Ki > 0.25

& u > 0.5 m/s

15. If the height of the pan at an instant is l and the boy transfers a small mass m of the sand into it, he performs a work
= mg l (against gravity).
This work done increases the gravitational potential energy of the sand mass which loses a part of it in compressing
the spring.
Therefore, total work done by the boy will be finally found as gravitational potential energy of the sand plus the
 Work - Power - Energy 4.23

elastic potential energy of the spring.

As per the question.

………………(i)

Work done

[using (1)]

16. (a) Initially, the COM of the snake is ∞= vertically below the top of the incline.

In final position, the COM is h below the top point, where

+ ∞
=

Centre of mass rises by

Work done against gravity

(b) If length were

17. Total mass of the system

The external agent must ensure that more than half the mass of the system gets to the right of the pulley. After that
he can leave the system. Ball will accelerate to the pulley.
Take PE to be zero at the horizontal level of the centre of the pulley.
Minimum work needed = Increase in gravitational PE of the system between two positions shown in fig. below.

L
4 L
2
L 3L
4

mass on both sides equal

 4.24 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

È l l l ˘
= Í- - - ˙
Î ˚
18. Increase in gravitational PE = Loss in KE
mgh = 20 J

= =
¥

19. Hint: Change in spring PE = , when the spring compresses or stretches by x.

20. The block will finally come to rest when the extension in the spring is X0 such that
KX0 = mg sinq
¥ ¥
= =
The friction will dissipate all the energy possessed by the system initially, which is
E = mgh = 4 × 10 × (X.sinq)
\ Wf = – 5 J
21. (a) The friction force has same magnitude during up and down journey.

v=0

\ Work done by friction while going up is same as work done by it while coming down.

(b) Total loss of mechanical energy

\ m q = ...........….. (1)

Retardation during up journey = g (sin q + m cos q)

\ u2 = 2g (sin q + m cos q). L

Using (1) = q+

& ...........…..(2)

From (2) and (1)

q =
m

m= q
 Work - Power - Energy 4.25

22. Hint: There is no change in speed of the tanker due to leakage of water.
23. (a) Let the stone reach a height h
Forces on stone are
Gravity W and
Air resistance R
Both act opposite to displacement during the upward motion.
\ Work done on stone
W R
Wo = Wg + WR
= –Wh – Rh [both W and R are constant force]
= –(W + R)h
Change in kinetic energy of stone in moving from ground to top of its path is
D k = kf – ki

From work energy theorem
Wo = D k

&

È W˘
& ÍQ m = g ˙
Î ˚
(b) For downward motion
R
Wg = Wh (positive)
WR = – Rh (negative)
D k = kf – ki

W
[Ki = KE at the top = 0]
\ From work energy theorem

&

Substituting for h

24. Consider zero of gravitational PE at initial position of the mass.

The string becomes slack when it regains its natural length.
 4.26 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Mechanical energy conservation:

l0

V
& 2l0 String slack

& =
Let the mass come to rest at height h above the initial position.
Energy conservation
Ug = 0
B

h = 0.5 m
Therefore, the mass will come to rest at point A.
26. When ball A is at its lowest position, let the stretch in the spring be x. At this instant tension acting on B is kx.
\ N = Mg – T
T
For N to be equal to ,
N

=
B
\ The spring must stretch by x such that
(when A comes to rest) Mg

Energy Conservation:
Loss in PE of A= gain in spring PE

&

kx = 2mg

&

1 2
27. Wspring + Wthrust = mv + mgh
2

[180 kph = 50 m/s; g = 10 m/s2]

=2.096 × 105 N/m

 Work - Power - Energy 4.27

28. N = mg – F sin q N F

\ f = mN = m (Mg – F sin q)

WE Theorem:
f
Mg

= Fd (m sin q + cos q) – mMgd

Maximum value of (m sin q + cos q) is m +

When tan q = m
\ = m + -m

= m + -m

È ˘
Í m +
= - m˙
Í ˙
ÍÎ ˙˚
29. Hint : Along path 1 the normal force is less and friction force is small. Along path 2 the normal force is high.
30. (a) U = 5x2 – 20x + 2
The variation of U with x is as shown.
U(J)

2 x
–3 O
– 18

The PE is minimum when
& 10x – 20 = 0
& x = 2m
At x = 2m, U = 5 (2)2 – 20 (2) + 2 = – 18 J
At x = –3m, U = 5 (– 3)2 – 20 (– 3) + 2 = 107 J
When particle is released at x = –3, it experiences a force in positive x direction. Its KE is maximum at x = 2 m
kmax + (– 18) = 107
& kmax = 125 J
(b) Total energy of the particle is 107J . When it is at rest its its KE = 0.
\ U = 107 & 5x­2 – 20x + 2 = 107
& x2 – 4 x – 21 = 0
& x = –3, 7 m \ xmax = 7 m
 4.28 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

31. Hint: For reaching the origin the total mechanical energy of the particle must be greater than 6U0.
A minima of PE curve is the position of stable equilibrium and the particle performs oscillations about this position.
32. From P to Q the particle rotates in a circle of radius 3.5 L with speed V.
From Q to R it rotates in a circle of radius 2.5L (with centre at D ) with speed V .
From R to S it rotates in a circle of radius 1.5L with centre at C .
From S to U it goes in a circle of radius 0.5L with speed V .
S

P
U
A B

D
R
C

The speed of the particle does not change because the string tension force acting on it is always perpendicular to its
velocity. The power of the tension force is always zero. In absence of any work done on it the kinetic energy of the
particle does not change.

(a) \

(b) Just before hitting the pillar, the particle is moving in a circle of radius 0.5 L with speed V

33. (i) E = PE at extreme position [since KE at extreme is zero]

\ E = mgh = mg L (1 – cosq
q0
 L

Q 
h

(ii) The total mechanical energy of the pendulum bob at any location is same. Therefore, energy conservation gives
V1 = V2 = V3.
 Work - Power - Energy 4.29

34. Energy Conservation gives :

A

T2

wl C

T1

T1

wl B

Let T1 be tension in segment BC . For circular motion of mass at B

T1 – mg = mw2 (2l)

For circular motion of mass at C

T2 – T1 – mg = mw2l

35. Initially the bead will be in contact with the outer plate so that it receives a normal force towards centre (think of
tension in a pendulum). Since velocity at bottom is (which is less than ), there will be a point
(A) where bead will need no normal force (apart from weight) towards centre. Beyond A (up to B) it needs a radially
outward force. Hence, at A the bead falls on to the inner plate producing a clink (sound when two metal collide).
After B the bead will once again hit the outer plate. This produces the second sound.

B A
q q
O

Inner plate
Outer plate

36. Let the swing rise to an angle q

 4.30 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

q q
L

F V
mg

0.5 + (1 – 0.5) = 1 – cos q

[Q q cosq ]
& cosq
&q
\ Swing will become horizontal.
O
37. At position q,
Radial acceleration of the particle is and q

Tangential acceleration is at = g sin q

ar
l V
As per the question 45°
a

& ........….... (1)

at
From conservation of mechanical energy, u

&

= 2g – 2g + 2g cos q
= 2g cos q … (2)
From (1) and (2). sin q = 2 cos q
& tan q & q = tan–12.
38. ac = k2rt2

Or, = k2rt2
Or, v = krt
Therefore, tangential acceleration, at = = kr
Or, Tangential force,
Ft = mat = mkr
 Work - Power - Energy 4.31

Only tangential force performs work.

Power = Ft v = (mkr) (krt)
Or, Power = mk2 r2 t
39. (a) The difference in K.E. at positions A and B is

KA – KB = = mg (2L cosq) = 2mgL cosq .... (1)

TA = + mg cosq

TB = – mg cosq

\ TA – TB = + 2 mg cosq ....(2)

from equation (1) and (2)

TA – TB = 6 mg cos q
(b) The component of accelerations of ball at A and B are as shown in figure. B
ar

&   O
g sin q
A

= = + q g sin q
40. In extreme position, total acceleration is equal to tangential acceleration. This is because the radial acceleration is
zero. It means total acceleration is g sin q.
At mean position (lowest position), total acceleration is the radial acceleration = l as tangential acceleration is
zero.
Conservation of energy gives

= ( - q)

& = ( - q)

& g sin q = 2 g (1 – cos q)

q q q
& =

q -
& = fi q=

41. Let velocity of particle at point P be v.

From conservation of mechanical energy A q B
h
R
mv2 = K = mgh v P

Let N be the normal reaction between the particle and the pipe at this instant. Then

N – mg sinq =
 4.32 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

But, = and

Hence , N = mg + = +

(Q K = mgh)
Hence, N = = force on the pipe.

42. (i)

Fext
O
N
q qo R

mg
cos
f q h

mg
sin mg
q

Forces acting at position q have been shown.

Fext = mg sin q + f
= mg sin q + m mg cos q
Work done in small angular displacement dq is dWext = Fext.Rdq
q

Ú( q)
\ = q+m q

From geometry,

And

È - ˘
\ = Í - ˙+m -
Î ˚

(ii) In the reference frame of the ground, the normal force of the track does not perform any work on the block. But
in the reference frame of the moving observer, the normal force does perform negative work on the block.
 Work - Power - Energy 4.33

43. Mass of water in unit length of the cylinder is x

The water level decreases at a constant rate
dx

Level falls by x at time

Mass of a length dx of water . =

If this dx length of water is transferred to the wide container in time dt then

44. l
B
N
and l
l
Mass of BC, l
l
C
A
Mass of AB, l
l q
Mg
mg
Since chain is on verge of sliding, friction is at its limiting value
f = mN = m mg cosq
m = (1 – h) mo g cos q
Chain will just start sliding if
Net driving force = Net resisting force
& Mg = mg sin q + f
& hmog = (1 – h) mog sin q + m(1 – h) mog cos q

Now as the chain moves, friction force changes due to change in N.

We consider a situation when BC = x
And AB = l – x
Mass of

-
=m q
 4.34 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

If the chain moves by a distance dx

[displacement (dx) and friction (f) are oppositely directed. ]

m m0 g cos q l
\ Wf = -
l Ú (l - x)dx
hl

[Q x = length of BC changes from hl to l]

m m0 g cos q l 2
=- (1 - h)2
l 2

  

45. Velocity of disc relative to the board is

\ Friction force acting on the board will be along while that acting on the disc will be along

.
Friction force mmg = 0.2 × 2 × 10 = 4 N


Friction on board


\ External force on the board

Power of this force = =


Friction force on the disc


External force on the disc
 
Power

Heat dissipated = -
+ =
46. The important thing to notice is that car engine can develop a certain maximum power (Pmax)
When car moves up with trailer the net force against the motion is F = 3 mg sin q R
Where R = resistance to motion = k(3m)V2 & [k = a constant]
 Work - Power - Energy 4.35

q
in
gs q 3 mg
3m

\ F = 3 mg sinq kmV2
\ Pmax = F.V = ( 3mg sinq kmV2)V
When moving without trailer
Pmax = 2V (mg sin q + km (2V)2)
= 2V (mg sin q + 4 km V2)
\ (3 mg sinq + 3 km V2) V = 2V (mg sin q + 4km V2)

……………………. (a)

When car moves down the slope, with engine shut off, initially it accelerated due to mg sin q, R being small due
to small speed. But as the speed grows, R increases and eventually R becomes equal to mg sin q. After this car
experience no acceleration and moves with constant speed.

q
sin
mg mg

Let this constant speed be u.
Then kmu2 = mg sin q
q
= = ÎÈ ( )˚˘

47. Work done by the force for a displacement is given by performing following integration with limit changing from
initial to final position

W=

= (dX î + dY )

Taking : X2 + Y2 = t
2XdX + 2YdY = dt

& XdX + YdY =

 4.36 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

& W=

This integral can be evaluated easily if the co ordinates of initial and final position are known. In order to evaluate
the integral we need not know the path taken by the particle. It means work done is path independent. Hence the
force is conservative.
48.
(a) U = 2 (x + y)
= - ∂ = -
∂

= - ∂ = -
∂

Conservative force is
To keep the particle moving uniformly on a circle, net force is centripetal force. When the particle is at (0, 4)
net force acting on it is
y
V

F0
X
O

¥
= (- ) =-

+ =

=- (
- - - )

(b) Wext = DK + DU
= 0 + U (at 4, 0) – U (at 0, 4)
= 8 – 8 = 0.


49.






(a) When power of the force is zero

 

 
fi ◊ =
& bk2 sin kt (bk – bk cos kt) – bk2 cos kt (bk – bk sin kt) = 0
 Work - Power - Energy 4.37

& b2k3 sin kt = b2k3 cos kt)

& tan kt = 1
;

(b) Velocity at



ÈÊ ˆ Ê ˆ ˘
= ( ) ÍÁ - ˜¯ + ÁË - ˜¯ ˙
ÍÎË ˙˚

Velocity at

=
\ V2 = 2bk

(+ )
= ( ) È -
Î ( - )˘˚ =
50. Elongation in the spring is x = xA– xB
Where xA= displacement of end A measured from original natural length position
xB =displacement of block measured from original position.

= 6 – 3 = 3 m/s

Potential energy in the spring =

\ acceleration of the block

51. Work done by friction can be calculated as–

ds
} dh
f dl

Consider a small displacement ds of the body at an intermediate point where slope angle of hill is q. (see fig)
Force of friction is f = mmg cos q (down the slope)
\ Work done by friction in small displacement ds is dWf = – f ds = – mmg (ds cos q)
 4.38 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

=-m [ = q ]
l l

Since the body is hauled slowly, at each point its velocity is nearly zero.
\ Dk = 0
But WN + Wmg + Wf + WF = Dk = 0 ……………….(a)
& WF = – (WN + Wmg + Wf )
= (0 – mgh – µmgl) = mg (h + ml)
52. Body acquires a velocity means it is accelerated during the course of its motion.
However, WN ,Wmg and Wf remain same as in previous question.
\ From equation (a) of previous solution.

fi = - [- -m l]

53. Observe the system from a reference frame moving to right with velocity u. In this frame the free end of the spring
remains as rest (as if tied to a wall) and the initial velocity of the block is u to left. Hence, maximum
extension (or compression) is given by

54. Let the kinetic friction force on the block be f

From work energy theorem:
Wf = DU + DK
Ê ˆ
- =Á - ˜¯ +
Ë

As the block is released from extreme position it accelerates because the spring force exceeds the friction.
At position where extension in the spring is , the friction force equals the spring force. After this the friction

force will exceed the spring force and the block will retard.

\ Speed is maximum when extension = . Again using work energy theorem gives-
Wf = DU + DK

\- =- +
 Work - Power - Energy 4.39

55. (a)

Natural V0
length
x0

3x0

Equilibrium (B) (C)

(A)
In equilibrium, the spring is compressed by [fig. (A)]

The system is released from position shown in fig (B). Compression in the spring at this position is 4x0. The
upper block will lose contact with the lower block when the spring acquires its natural length position. [Why?]

Hence, answer to first part of the question is

(b) Let’s apply law of conservation of mechanical energy to get the speed of the block when the spring reaches its
natural length.

Further height attained by the block of mass 2M is given by

\ Height attained above point of release is

56. (a) Initial PE is spring =

= ¥ ¥( ) = =

Work done by friction when the two blocks get displaced by x is
Wf = f.x = – 0.2 × 2 × 10 × x = – 4x
Till the spring returns to natural length the work done by friction will be
Wf = – 4 × 0.1 = – 0.4J
But energy available for dissipation is 0.33 J only.
\ Blocks will stop before the spring returns to its natural length.
 4.40 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

KE will be increasing till the spring force exceeds friction.

It will be maximum where
kx = m (2mg) [x = compression in spring]

x = 0.06 m
\ x0 = 0.1 – 0.06 = 0.04 m = 4 cm
let x = compression when the two blocks come to rest.

ÈÎ - ˘ = m( )( - )
˚
Solving for x we get
x = 0.02 m = 2 cm
In this position, spring force on block A is

The maximum static friction on A can be

mmg = 0.2 × 1 × 10 = 2 N
Hence, friction on A will adjust to and balance the spring force. There will be no contact force between A
and B.
(b) As in (a) you can check that the blocks will cross the natural length position of the spring. Just when the spring
starts getting stretched retardation of A will exceed the retardation of B and the two blocks will get separated.
57.

kx0 S1 X0

kx0 S2 A
2 M
X
B

When spring S1 Stretches by x0, tension in it is kx0

At this instant tension in S2 shall be

It means S2 is stretched by .

When S1 and S2 stretch by x0 and , the ball A will fall through a distance

= + = ..................(1)

[we are assuming that B does not move]

If A falls through x before coming to rest,

\ Spring force on
 Work - Power - Energy 4.41

B will just leave the table at this instant if

..................(2)

When ball A falls through x (before coming to rest) principle of conservation of energy says loss in PE of A = Gain
in spring PE

& kx = 10 mg
From (2) 5 Mg = 10 mg

58. Spring force is maximum when the system is released

F S max = kx0 = 240 N
The limiting friction on A can be
FlA = m1MA g = 250 N
Hence, block A remains fixed and does not move at all.
The limiting friction on C can be
Flc = m2MC g
Thus maximum acceleration that friction can provide to C is
acmax = m2g = 8.5 m/s2
Just after the release spring force is maximum and it will cause maximum acceleration in B. Let us assume that there
is no slipping between B and C. In that case the maximum acceleration is

= =
+
Friction can easily provide this acceleration to block C hence it will not slip over B.
Speed is maximum when the spring acquires its natural length.

& vmax = 4 m/s

59. (a) Friction force between the block and the plank = f
f M
f
F
V

Acceleration of the block – .

If the slipping stops in time ‘t’

V = 0 + at

...................(1)

For the plank external force F = friction (f)

Power of the external force P = FV
 4.42 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Work done by external force in time ‘t’

W = Pt = FVt = ftV = MV2 [Q ft = MV from (1)]
(b) The work done by the external force can be interpreted as
W = Heat produced + gain in kE of the block.
\ = - =

Note: In the reference frame of the plank the block has initial velocity V and final velocity zero. It has lost
amount of KE. This energy has been lost as heat.

60. Maximum friction on m1 is f1max = mm1g

m
\ Extension in the spring needed to move m1 is =
Therefore, F shall be such that extension in the spring does not exceed x0. Let F0 be the force for which the block
of mass M2 moves through x0 before coming to rest.
WE theorem

=
m m
= = =

(a) Speed of m2 is maximum when it reaches the equilibrium position.

kx = f0

WE Theorem
1 1
F0 . x = k x 2 + m2V 2
2 2

61. In equilibrium the spring is stretched by = , where W = weight of the block.

Let the spring break when it is stretched further by x

N.L
x0

Fspring x

Breaking
Position

W F0
 Work - Power - Energy 4.43

k (x + x0) = F0 + W ..................(1)
When a constant force is applied, the block starts to accelerate and it gains speed. It will not come to rest at position
where k (x + x0) = W + F. It will be having a speed at that point and will move further down. The
spring can break only if the spring stretches further by x before the block stops

N.L

X0
Start
Position
X

Block stops
and spring just breaks
W F

Applying work energy theorem between starting position and the position where the block stops.

From (1) kx + kx0 = F0 + W and kx0 = W

62. (a) Assuming the reference level at the bottom of the container

= r +r = r

If the liquids mix uniformly the entire mixture will have a density of and the final PE will be

= r = r

Change in PE, DU = - = r

(b) In this case, liquid A will settle at the bottom and B will be above it. Final PE will be

Change in PE, DU = - = r - r = -r

The positive sign of DU in first case tells us that some external work will be required to mix the two liquids
uniformly.
 4.44 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

In second case DU is negative. The heavier liquid will automatically move to lower side as this decreases the
overall PE.

63. = + - q

È ˘
= = Í q - ˙= q-
Î ˚

= fi - q+ =

Discriminant of this equation is – ve for q = 30º

\ the two curves do not touch u u
64. v cos q = u sin q
..........…(i)

mg l cosq = mu2 + ..........…(ii) q

l l v
u=
65. (i) In reference frame of the truck there are two forces on the block which perform work on it –
The pseudo force and
Gravitational force
R
O
P

R
ma

mg

Applying work energy theorem for the situation when the block just manages to reach the top of the hemisphere
(change in KE = 0)
maR – mgR = 0
a=g
(ii) Once again applying work energy theorem in reference frame of the truck

Where v is vertically upward velocity of the block in reference frame of the truck at the instant it leaves the
truck.
Given a = 2g
 Work - Power - Energy 4.45

Hence, =

Which means the block will rise further by R after leaving the truck.
Therefore, answer is 2R
66. In a reference frame attached to the wire, the force on the bead has been shown in the fig.
masin  o
N

ma

mg
co
mg

s
qo

qo
A C B

For equilibrium ma sinq0 = mg cosq0 ....................(1)

If q increases a little bit the tangential force ma sin q will rise and mg cos q will decrease. Therefore, the bead will
rise on the ring and then it will fall on other side to hit the table at end A.
Work done by the pseudo force = ma [R + R cosq0]
work done by mg is = mg R sin q

\ = [ + q ]+ q

v2 = 2aR (1 + cos q0) + 2gR sin q0

Ê + q ˆ
\ = ÁË q ˜¯

67.

q
l T
q

A B
mg

The block will leave the horizontal surface if it can reach a point B where
È = ˘
T cosq mg..................(i) Í ˙
Î = ˚
But T = kx = kl [secq – 1] [x = extension in spring = l(sec q –1)]
Using (i) l [at B]
 4.46 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

& q = 60°
From work energy theorem
Work done by friction = Dk +DU

-m l ∞=- + ÈÎl ( ∞ - )˘˚

l l l l l
l

l
68. The maximum compression in the spring can be calculated as

Ê ˆ
=- ( ) =- ÁË ˜¯ = -

Ê ˆ
And = ( ) = ÁË ˜¯ =

Graph has been shown in the answer.

69. = fi = fi =
Note that energy to be given is 6 J and NOT 10 J. Why?

70. Putting a =1 and b = 1

U = x4 – 5x2

= = = =-

At x = 0; U = 0
at x = 0; U = 0
U (J)
at = = - =-

5 25
x=- ; U = - J = U min
2 4
Graph of U vs x is as shown in the fig.
– 5/2 5/2
O X
– 5 5

-25
Since K + U = 0 4
 Work - Power - Energy 4.47

\ particle will remain between

5
Vmax = m/s
2
71. (a) Force on the particle,

The – ve sign indicates attractive force.

For the motion to be circular

& ..............… (i)

For r = a0

\ KE

p p p
(b) Time period, = = =

72. (a) In reference frame of bowl, the block acquires a velocity V , in horizontal direction.
N
V

mg

V

R.F. of bowl
Block will lose contact (N = 0) if the force mg is not good enough to provide sharp enough turning to the path
of the block.

V > Rg
(b) In reference frame of the bowl, we use work energy theorem for motion of the block
N

ma

v q
mg

O
 4.48 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

For small q, sin q = q and cos q = 1

\ ..............… (1)

Also 

= mg – maq – 2maq
For N > 0
mg > 3maq

&

73. (a) Energy conservation

But as per question

and

&

&

(b) " increases with time. The graph is as shown below.

at
at

g
g

A2
A1

 O t
/2 t1 t2
 Work - Power - Energy 4.49

(c) Area A1 under the graph gives change in magnitude of velocity from A to B

\
Similarly, A2 = change in magnitude of velocity from B to C .

For A1 = A2, looking at the graph one can easily say that
t1 > t2
74. Particle is projected from P and follows a circular path C1 till it reaches Q .

S C2

q V1
V2 C
C3
0.4R q
B
A Q
0.3 R

C1

u = 5gR
p
At Q (just before the thread hits the nail at B ) its speed is V1 .

&

Tension at this moment is

Just after the thread hits the nail at B, particle starts moving on circle C2 (centered at B )
Tension at Q just after the thread hits the nail at B is

% change in tension is

The particle will be at point S when the thread hits the nail at C .
Energy Conservation between S and Q

[Q ; CS = 0.7 R – 0.5 R = 0.2 R]

\
 4.50 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

Tension just before the string hits the nail C is

Just after the string hits the nail, particle moves on a circle of radius 0.2R

= 8.6 mg
% change in tension

Hence, the string breaks.

75. (a) The centre of the ball moves in a circle of radius .

v

sq
co
mg

mg

From figure ............… (a)

From conservation of energy …................ (b)

Eliminating v2 from (a) and (b) we get

N = mg(3 cosq – 2) …......... (c)
Initially, for small q , (3 cosq – 2) > 0 and N is positive.
This means ball is in contact with the sphere A which exerts an outward normal force.

When ; N = 0 and ball loses contact with A.

Naturally, it comes in contact with B and direction of N gets reversed. In fact, this is envisaged in the equation (c)
as N is < 0 for
 Work - Power - Energy 4.51

\ NA = mg(3 cosq –2) for

NB = mg(2 – 3 cosq for

(b) The two graphs look as shown in figure

NA
N
mg 5 mg

mg

cos q
O 2/3 1 2/3
cos q –1

Note that when q ° (cosq

NA = mg
And, when q (cosq –1)
NB = 5 mg
76. Let the string slack at point D (see figure).
A
v
E

F 90–q D
q

q
O

C u
B

Particle moves in a circular path from C to D. At D it leaves the circular path and follows a parabolic path (a projectile).
It crosses the line AB, when it is moving horizontally. It means while crossing AB at point E it is at the top of the
parabolic path.
At D , string tension = 0

\        ...............(a)

[v = velocity at D]
From conservation of energy

v2 = u2 – 2gL (1 + sin q) ..................(b)

Horizontal range of projectile (starting from D at an angle (90 – q with horizontal)

 4.52 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

[From formula for range]

From geometry of figure

&

& [Q from (a), = q]

&

& &

& &q

Now from (a)

Substituting in (b) u2 = v2 + 2gL (1 + sinq

77. At position q, let the speed be V and tension T.

v
R
 T
R mg cos q

mg
u

Energy conservation + ( q )=

     ….............(1)

[Q = ]
 Work - Power - Energy 4.53

\ Kinetic energy is

Equation for force in radial direction

T = mg cosq mg + 2mg cosq [using (1) to get the value of ]

T = 3mg(1 + cosq ..............… (2)
The graphical plots are
KE T

2.5 mgR 6 mg

0.5 mgR
O q q
p 2p O p 2p

78. The desired position is shown.

O C
B
q

u A

q
p' D
q = p/3
p

Arc

The vertical height difference between p' and p is

h = R – CD
È ˘
=p Í q+ p q˙
Î ˚

\
 4.54 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(b) Writing equation for centripetal force

79. When train is at rest

[L = length of pendulum]

&

When the train is moving horizontally at an acceleration ‘a’ , we can assume that inside the train effective acceleration
due to gravity is
a = 7.5

g = 10
g eff
VA
= 12.5 m/s2
A
TA
37°
mg eff
O

q
In accelerated train, minimum tension will be at point A.
g eff
u
p

In limiting case TA = 0

.......….....(1)

Applying energy conservation between points P and A

 Work - Power - Energy 4.55

80.
A R O
V


B
x

v = speed with which the block leaves the surface at B

= q

v2 = 2gR cos q ............… (1)

Range of the projectile released from B is

q
= = q q    [from (1)]

= 4 R cos2 q. sin q
x is maximum when

& – 2 cos q sin2 q + cos3 q = 0

& cos q [cos2 q – 2 sin2 q] = 0

cosq is not acceptable [It will give zero range]
\ cos q – 2 sin2 q = 0
2

81. Let the particle leave the circular path at an angle q (as shown)

T V

q
R P
Q
q

Energy conservation

= [ + q]
 4.56 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

& = [ + q ] .............… (1)

Centripetal force [with tension becoming zero]

= q ...............… (2)

From (1) and (2) g cos q = 4g – 2g – 2g cos q

q=

From (2)

After this the particle goes in a parabolic path. Tangential acceleration becomes zero when it is at the top most point
of its trajectory (at point T)
Required distance is RQ = L sin q – Half the range of projectile.
q q
=

82. (a) T

°
30
s
co

g
m R
30° V

mg

When q
Let the force exerted by the rod on the bob be T as shown.

Then q = .............… (i)

Where R = length of the rod

From conservation of energy

&

&
 Work - Power - Energy 4.57

From (i)

&

\ Rod exerts a force T on the bob radially outwards.

\ Force exerted on the rod by the bob is radially inward, i.e., compressive.
(b)

sq
V

co


g
m
mg

At the point where compression changes to tension, we have

T=0

& V2 = gR cos q …........... (i)

From Energy conservation

& gR cos q = 2gR (1 – cos q)

& cosq &

83. The bob will experience free fall for a distance of L = 1.8 m.
Speed of the bob just before the string gets taut is

L O

30° 60°
O
30°
L L
L cos 60°=
2

ur ut
ut
u
V
 4.58 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

As the string gets taut, the radial component of velocity vanishes.

Only the tangential component will remain.

Energy conservation

V2 = 27 + 10 × 1.8 = 45

84. (a) Mean or average power

Time of motion can be calculated as

v = u + at
& 0 = v0 – mgt    [Q f = mmg \ a = mg]

&

Work done by friction = loss in kinetic energy [whole kinetic energy is lost in doing work against friction]

\ Work done by friction, =

m
\ < >=- = m = ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ = watt
(b) When body is at a distance x from the starting point, retarding friction force is
f = mmg

\ = -m

\ = -m

\ = -m

Ú = -a Ú

-
& = -a

\ = -a
 Work - Power - Energy 4.59

& = -a

Instantaneous power of friction force is

 

= f v cos 180°

= -m -a

= -a -a

p is maximum when

È - a ˘
& -a Í -a + ˙=
Í -a ˙
Î ˚

& -a -a =

&

&

Ê ˆ
\ = -a Á ˜ -a
Ë a ¯ a

   =- a
85. (a) When M descends through Rq , radius vector of m rotates through q as shown in figure. The normal contact
force does not perform any work. Only other force is gravity (which is conservative).

Rq
R sin q

Rq

\ loss in PE = gain in KE

Loss in PE of M–gain in PE of m

(Since speed of both M and m will be same.)

\
 4.60 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(b) Consider the motion of m at this instant.

N V

mg sin q
q

mg

= q-

& = q-

q- q
= q-
+
È + q- q+ q ˘
= Í ˙
Î + ˚

=
+
[ + q- q]

(c) Just after release

q Æ
sin q = q

\ =
+
[ + q- q] = [ - q]
+
For contact to be maintained N > 0
& 3m > M
86. Consider the object at point P on the curve. Let its velocity at this point be V making an angle q with the original
direction. Let the centre of curvature of the path at this point be O and the radius of curvature be R.
f

N V
R
q dq

The normal force is

 Work - Power - Energy 4.61

Kinetic friction force on the object is

Work done by the friction in small angular displacement dq of the block is dWf = – f (Rdq) = –mmV2dq
From work energy theorem, work done by the friction is equal to change in KE of the object

dK = mV dV

\ mVdV = –mmV2dq

& &

& &
- mq
& =

& V = ue –mq0
Answer does not depend on the shape of the curve.
87. Monkey slides down with a constant acceleration of . It means the tension in the elastic cord just before the
monkey lands on the platform is .

Extension in the cord by this time = x0

Then

Elastic potential energy stored in the cord

Kinetic Energy of monkey just at the time of hitting the platform

[Q monkey accelerates over a length of ]

\ =

Let the cord stretch further by x.

Applying energy conservation
Loss in KE + loss in gravitational PE = gain in spring PE
 4.62 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

& 9L2 + 16 Lx = 32 x2 + 8L.x

& 32x2 – 8 Lx – 9 L2 = 0

      [–ve sign is unacceptable]

\ Maximum extension
88. d d

q q

C
A m B
m m

(a) PE of the system in position shown is

U = – mg d cot q – 2 mg [L – d cosec q]
  = – 2mgL – mgd [cot q – 2 cosec q]
È q- ˘
=- - Í
  Î q ˙˚

È - q˘
=- + Í
  Î q ˙˚

(b) U is maximum or minimum when

q + q - - q q
q = & ◊ =
q
& q + q - - q q=

& q+ q- q=

& q= & q= ∞
 Work - Power - Energy 4.63

\ Equilibrium is at q = ∞

You can verify this using simple force diagram.

(c) If > , equilibrium is stable

q

If < , equilibrium is unstable

q
Ê - qˆ
= ÁË ˜
q q ¯
È q q - - q q q ˘
\ 2
= ◊Í ˙
q ÎÍ q ˚˙
At q = 60°

È ˆ˘
Í ◊ ◊ Ê ˆÊ
-Á - ◊ ˜Á ◊ ◊ ˜˙
Í Ë ¯Ë ¯˙
\ = ◊Í ˙
q2 Í Ê ˆ ˙
Í Á ˜ ˙
ÍÎ Ë ¯ ˙˚
\ >
q2

\ q = 60° is position of stable equilibrium

89. (a) If m is mass of each particle, tension in each string is T = mg.

For equilibrium of the knot it is necessary that the three strings form 120° angle with each other. The situation
has been shown in figure.
A, B and C are holes and K is the knot.
A

T
120
0°

1m 1m
12

T K T

D
B 1 C
m
3

\
 4.64 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

And

\ length of string on the table is

(b) The point K shown in the figure above is the desired point. The equilibrium position is the one with the lowest
potential energy of masses, that is the one with the most string hanging below the table. In other words, in
equilibrium least length of the strings will be lying on the table.
90. Let P be the point where rod makes an angle q with the upward vertical. v is velocity of mass at this point.
v

sq
q
mg sin q

co
O mg
mg

u
A

T is force exerted y rod on the particle towards centre. By conservation of mechanical energy

& v2 = u2 – 2ag (1 + cosq) ................ (a)

At point P

Radial acceleration = = - + q

Tangential acceleration at = g sin q (in the direction shown)

ar sin q at sin q

q ar
at

Resolving ar and at in horizontal directions, we get the horizontal component of acceleration (in the direction of u)
as
aH = at cos q – ar sin q

= q◊ q- q+ + q q
 Work - Power - Energy 4.65

È ˘
=Í q+ - ˙ q
ÍÎ ˙˚
(b) When aH = 0
È ˘
qÍ ( q+ )- ˙=
ÍÎ ˙˚
& sin q &q or

Also when q+ - =

-
q= ..............… (b)

Since 4 ag < u2 < 5 ag ; (u2 – 2 ag) < 3 ag and a real value of q exists satisfying (b)

-
Ê - ˆ
\q= Á ˜
Ë ¯
Ê - -
ˆ
and q = p - Á ˜
Ë ¯
Thus, horizontal acceleration is zero at four points given by

q = 0, , and

Figure shows the four points A

D C

a a

B
 
( 
)
Note: If u2 > 5ag, then

As

Thus, only two solutions result, q and p.

91. What is the physical condition for the load getting separated from the wedge?

q
M

O
4.66 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

As the mass m moves in a vertical circle, it pushes the wedge towards right. At any moment, the horizontal component
of displacement of m and M are equal. This means, the horizontal component of velocity of m is equal to the
velocity of M. However, at a certain value of q , the horizontal component of acceleration of m becomes zero and
thereafter becomes negative. From this point onwards the horizontal component of velocity of m starts decreasing.
But the velocity acquired by M cannot decrease as there are no retarding forces on it. Thus, the two masses get
separated at the moment the horizontal acceleration of m changes from positive to negative (i.e., becomes zero).
\ Condition when contact is lost is
ax = horizontal acceleration of m = 0
At the moment contact is lost, let the velocity of m be v.
Velocity of M will be equal to horizontal component of velocity of m .

v cos 

l
v
q v sin 

X
O

\ Velocity of M is vx = v cosq
As there are no dissipative forces, mechanical energy of the system is conserved.
\ loss in P.E of m = gain in K.E of m + gain in K.E. of M

\ - q = + q

- q
& =      ...........… (a)
+ q
Now the mass m has two accelerations

Radial
Tangential at = g sin q
[Note that contact force N, between m and M is zero at the instant contact is lost. Therefore, force in tangential
direction is only mg sinq .]
The acceleration of mass m in horizontal direction is

= q◊ q- q    [See figure.]

v2
sin q g sin q cos q
l

g sin q
v2
l
q

For loosing contact ax = 0

- q q
\ q◊ q- =    [using (a)]
+ q
 Work - Power - Energy 4.67

& 2 mg – 2mg cos q – mg cos q – Mg cos3 q = 0     [sinq is not acceptable]

It is given that this happens when q = p/3
p
\ - ¥ = p

&

&

& M = 4m

(b) from (a)

- p
= =
+ p

\ Speed of M at the instant is

vx = v cos = p

92. Why at all the tube will rise? As the balls slide down, N
N cos q N cos q
N Force on
tube wall
initially they are in contact with inner wall of the tube and
at a certain point they leave the inner circle and get in touch N sin 
N sin q
with outer circle, so that normal reaction is inward on the
balls.  N
R
The balls exert an equal and opposite force on the outer wall
of tube (see figure)
When 2N cos q Mg (weight of tube), the tube will begin to
rise. mg
Considering the dynamics of ball

= q+ …........... (a)

From conservation of energy

= mgR (1 – cos q) .......…..... (b) [For each ball]

From (a) and (b), eliminating v2, we get

N = mg (2 – 3 cos q)
For tube to rise
2 N cos q > Mg
2 m cos q (2 – 3 cos q) > M .....................(c)
For the tube to just start rising, the maximum value of
Z = cos q (2 – 3 cos q) must satisfy the above inequality.
Z is maximum if
 4.68 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

&

\ from (c)

& for the tube to rise.

(b) Equation (c) gives the value of q .

When M = 0,
2 m cos q (2 – 3 cos q) = 0     [In limiting case]
& cosq

93.

v0
A

Let v = speed at B.
Tension in the string at B = 0

& v2 = gl cos q ............… (a)

After B , the motion of particle is that of a projectile . One can consider it a projectile thrown down the incline BOC.
The particle hits the incline at C .
v

q
B

b  q
C

\ Range along the incline = BO + OC = 2l

Incline angle b –q
For such a projectile, you can prove that the range along the incline will be
q◊ ∞ q
= 2l cot2 q
q
 Work - Power - Energy 4.69

\ 2l = 2l cot2 q
\ cot2 q
Or, q
Now we can use conservation of energy between points A and B , which gives

= + + q

& = + + q
Using (a)
= q+

[Q q ]

94. As shown in sketch. If we take the zero of gravitational potential energy at the pivot (point O), we have
U(q) = mg [L cos q – l cos (a + q)] + mg [L cos q – l cos (a – q)]
= 2 mg cos q [L – l cos a]

l cos (a+q) l
L l l cos (a–q)
Lcosq
m
O m
For equilibrium,

=- q (L – l cos a) = 0
q
& sin q = 0 or q = 0, as we expect from symmetry.
To investigate the stability of the equilibrium position, we must examine the second derivative of the potential
energy. We have

=- q [L – l cos a]
q
At equilibrium, =- a [L – l cos a]
q q=

For the second derivative to be positive, we have L – l cos a < 0 or L < l cos a.
In order for the teeter toy to be stable, the weights must hang below pivot.