Chapter 4 Industries
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Ans: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction
of minerals or the provision of services. Thus, we have iron and steel industry (production of goods),
coal mining industry (extraction of coal) and tourism industry (service provider).
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Ans: Factors Affecting Location of Industries
a) The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water,
labour, power, capital, transport and market.
b) Industries are situated where some or all of these factors are easily available.
c) Sometimes, the government provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and
other infrastructure so that industries may be located in backward areas.
d) Industrialisation often leads to development and growth of towns and cities.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
Ans:
a) Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry.
b) Almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and
machinery of these metals. Ships, trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel.
c) Even the safety pins and the needles you use are made from steel.
d) Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery. Steel pipelines transport oil.
e) Minerals are mined with steel equipment. Farm machines are mostly steel. Large buildings have
steel framework.
Question 2. Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
Question 3 . Give two examples of each the Answer:
following.
1. ores, plants.
a) Raw materials 2. Clothes that we wear, a car.
b) End products 3. Trade, banking.
c) Tertiary activities 4. Food processing, leather industry.
d) Agro-based industries 5. Basketweaving, pottery.
e) Cottage industries 6. AMUL, Sudha Dairy.
f) Co-operatives
Extra question and answers:
Fill in the blanks
a) Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.
b) One of the worst industrial disasters of all time occurred in Bhopal.
c) The world major industries are the iron and steel.
d) TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and
Kharkai in Jharkhand. Later on Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur.
Answer the following
1. Distinguish between small scale industries and large-scale industries
Answer:
Small scale Industries: Cottage or household industries are a type of small-scale industry
where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. Basket weaving, pottery and
other handicrafts are examples of cottage industry. Small scale industries use lesser amount of
capital and technology as compared to large scale industries that produce large volumes of
products.
large scale industries: Investment of capital is higher and the technology used is superior in
large scale industries. Silk weaving and food processing industries are small scale industries.
Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale industries.
2. What is Industrial System? Explain with example.
Answer:
a) An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.
b) The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other
infrastructure.
c) The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished
products.
d) The outputs are the end product and the income earned from it. In case of the textile industry
the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost.
e) The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt
you wear.
3. Name the major industrial regions of the world.
Answer: Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America, western and central
Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia.
4. What are the Risk Reduction Measures?
Answers: Risk Reduction Measures
1. Densely populated residential areas should be separated far away from the industrial areas.
2. People staying in the vicinity of industries should be aware of the storage of toxins or
hazardous substances and their possible effects in case if an accident occurs.
3. Fire warning and fighting system should be improved.
4. Storage capacity of toxic substances should be limited.
5. Pollution dispersion qualities in the industries should be improved.
5. What is sunrise industry?
Answer: Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These include
Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.
6. Define Smelting
Answer: Smelting It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating
beyond the melting point.
7. Write a short note on Iron and Steel Industry.
Answer:
a) Like other industries iron and steel industry too comprises various inputs, processes and
outputs. This is a feeder industry whose products are used as raw material for other
industries.
b) The inputs for the industry include raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone,
along with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure.
c) The process of converting iron ore into steel involves many stages.
d) The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it undergoes smelting.
e) It is then refined. The output obtained is steel which may be used by other industries as
raw material.
8. What is TISCO?
Answer:
a) Before 1947, there was only one iron and steel plant in the country – Tata Iron and
Steel Company Limited (TISCO). It was privately owned.
b) After Independence, the government took the initiative and set up several iron and
steel plants.
c) TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha
and Kharkai in Jharkhand. Later on Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur.
9. Write briefly about the Great lakes.
Answer:
a) The names of Great Lakes are Superior, Huron, Ontario, Michigan and Erie.
b) Lake Superior is the largest of these five lakes.
c) Lake superior lies higher upstream than others.
10. Write short note on Pittsburgh.
Answer
a) It is an important steel city of the United States of America. The steel industry at
Pittsburgh enjoys locational advantages.
b) Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while the iron ore comes from
the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.
c) Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes for shipping ore
cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway.
d) Trains carry the ore from the Great Lakes to the Pittsburgh area.
e) The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate water supply.
