PART 1 For each paragraph, choose the most suitable heading from the list which follows.

Write the relevant letter against the question number. There is one extra heading you do not need to use. THE NEED FOR A GREEN WORLD A. Some countries do not do as much as others. B. Publicity may encourage green attitudes. C. Some people take a lot of trouble. D. Pollution is all around us. E. Government action is essential. F. Wildlife suffers. G. A heavy price paid for economic success. H. Possible to take being Green to extremes. I. The end of civilised society. 1 Possibly, in Europe, one person in ten has turned green. No wonder. You would have to lead a sheltered life not to be aware of the garbage in the air, on the land, and in the sea. Take the Adriatic coast of Italy where, all night long, the slime and the scum lap the moonlit beaches. At dawn, the shore is covered in a thick brown-green gunge. Dump trucks roar into action, and the splodge is collected and taken away, but by early afternoon, it has again started to drift inshore. The sludge is killing fish, clams and mussels. It is killing the tourist business, too. 2 Where does it come from? For years, nitrates and phosphates and God knows what other chemicals have been dumped into the Adriatic. As Italys economic miracle has worked its wonders, the industry of the Po valley has had its effluent combine with rising temperatures in the sea to produce thick algae. The result is economic disaster for the tourist industry: 3,000 hotels, 26,000 villas and 800 restaurants take a lot of filling. One politician suggested the building of swimming pools. 3 Whatever may be happening south of the Alps, there is little doubt that Britain remains the least green country in Northern Europe. The average Britain does not sort as much garbage for recycling, does less to conserve energy, rarely votes on green issues, and only began driving on unleaded petrol once there was a tax incentive. Britain is probably about five years behind the leaders. 4 West Germany is ahead. The Greens are a real political threat there, so the government has been forced to deal with their issues. In German supermarkets, shoppers choose the green-friendly and the not-nasty. Fly-sprays are exchanged for old-fashioned fly-papers. A Green householder will have two dustbins, one for normal rubbish, and one for paper which is taken to be recycled. Glass goes into a special container down the road, and used batteries are taken to special collecting-points. 5 But if the German consumer takes his Greenness seriously, the American has elevated it to an art form. It is no longer a simple matter of separating the bottles from the chicken bones, and picking out the lettuce leaves for the compost heap. In offices, workers have lines of colourcoded wastepaper baskets, one for white paper with glue, one for white paper without glue, one for coloured paper, and yet more baskets for other types of rubbish. Trash Police are employed to report on Garbage Louts.
1

6 The science of garbology has taken hold. It has an official magazine, entitled, of course, Garbage. It lifts the lid on garbage for the common man. Its first print run of 100,000 was sold out with days. The magazine has a Garbage Index with lots of information for the fact-hungry. Americans throw away 1.6 billion ball-point pens every year, as well as two billion razor blades and 250 million car tyres. Greens are recommended to read the Los Angeles Times, 83 per cent of which is printed on recycled paper, rather than The Washington Post, none of which is. 7 Out on Americas beaches, there is another problem: sixty per cent of the rubbish washed up on the beach is plastic. To keep the floating rubbish from reaching New York, the US Army Corps of Engineers uses skimmers to lift debris from the water. One result of the plastic garbage is dead fish. A rare threemetre- long beaked whale was washed ashore on Long Island. After a postmortem, scientists concluded that the animal had starved to death, its stomach blocked by plastic carrier bags. 8 On a larger scale, Western consumption patterns are wrecking the ozone layer over the Antarctic and destroying the Brazilian rain forest. Power stations in Britain are killing trees in Norway. Todays central heating will produce tomorrows global warming, and the flooding of low-level lands the day after. These problems are too large to be left to the individual. They are probably too large to be left to the Greens. According to the British Green Manifesto, Conservation must replace consumption as the driving force of our economy... Green politics is about `enough, not about `more and more... nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous. We want to see them phased out quickly... The growth of air traffic over Europe is unnecessary... PART 2 For questions 9-16,choose the answers which fit best according to the text. HAIR TODAY, GONE TOMORROW I started to lose my hair when I was 16. It kept on falling out and my confidence went. The other blokes had great mops of hair. It was the fashion in the Seventies. By the time I was 21 it was so bad that, when I saw this ad in the paper for a private hair clinic, I went along. I asked them how much hair they thought I would lose and they said probably just a little at the corners, and they could fill it in with some hair grafts. With these hair grafts I had to have a local anaesthetic. It was so painful. They took bits of hair from the side and back, and replanted them into cuts made in the balding patch. The operation is very unpleasant, especially when the anaesthetic needles are stuck into your scalp. But more hair fell out, and I needed more grafts. Over the next three years, I had more grafts, but it couldnt keep up with the hair loss. I had all these implants in front, and a bald patch behind. It looked worse than before and my life was falling apart. My engagement was called off. My fiancee never commented about my hair, but I just didnt feel worthy of her. I was so fed up I went to another clinic. This time a salesman consultant came to my home. He suggested more grafts, and something called a scalp reduction. I had four of these operations over the next eighteen months. A piece of skin was taken from my scalp, and the skin on either side was lifted and pulled inwards to be joined together with stitches. I had to have a week off work after each operation because I couldnt even smile. Even now my head feels tight around my temples. This time I felt better, and looked better. But the hair loss persisted. It left patches and gaps. All the time the clinic kept promising me a full head of hair. I was drinking heavily. Sometimes as
2

many as nine pints of beer a night, seven nights a week. It was the only way I could relax and feel confident with girls. I became so depressed that I was sent to see a psychiatrist. But I kept on with the grafts. This was at the same clinic. In the end I developed scars that wouldnt go away. They tried twice at the clinic to scrape the scar tissue away, but each time the scars returned. Then they tried steroid injections, but that didnt work either. Then I started to really worry about the hair at the back of my head. Id had so many grafts that it had been severely thinned down. [At this point, not surprisingly, the specialists at the clinic decided there was nothing more they could do. They did, however, recommend an expensive hair growth lotion. It had no effect.] If only someone had listened to me. I feel cheated. Not just financially. I lost my youth living in a limbo, hopping from transplant to transplant. I would give anything to be able to walk down the street with long hair blowing in the wind. I mean, things are better now. I have a doctor who has got me off the steroids and tranquillisers I was taking. Then I have cut down on my drinking. I have a girlfriend who is sympathetic, and we get along really well with each other. But, I dont know, it wont go away. Only a few months ago, I ordered an expensive wig from another clinic, and then cancelled. I still have to use this spray-on scar camouflage and a hair thickener every morning. I cut my own hair. I mean, I just couldnt go to a hairdresser. And I always wear a hat when Im out of doors. 9. He went to the hair clinic because A. it advertised. B. his hair was falling out. C. his friends had a lot of hair. D. he wanted to be in fashion. 10. The implant operations were not successful because A. in the end his hair looked unnatural. B. his life was going to pieces. C. of the anaesthetic. D. he needed more grafts. 11. He had this tight feeling at the side of his head because A. his girlfriend had left him. B. he couldnt smile. C. hair had been implanted.. D. skin had been taken away. 12. He could only feel confident if he A. had a full head of hair. B. took steroids. C. drank to excess. D. saw a psychiatrist. 13. After so many operations, he developed A. deep depression. B. permanent scars. C. thin hair. D. a steroid dependence. 14. When they decided there was nothing more they could do, the specialists A. gave him his money back. B. offered him free cosmetics. C. sold him a liquid hair restorer. D. advised him to massage his head. 15. Looking back, he felt he A. should have had better advice. B. had wasted his youth. C. had been very foolish. D. had been unlucky. 16. At the present time, he A. has made a complete recovery. B. is self-conscious about his hair. C. is dependent on his girl-friend. D. visits a hair-dresser regularly.

Part 3
For questions 17-31 , read the biography below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example. Write the correct letter indicating the answer in the blank provided.
Banderas, Antonio With 43 movies under his (0)B , Antonio Banderas in 1995 was on his way to becoming Americas next Latin Lover. His (17) vibrant personality and European good looks (18).. made this Spanish actor a fully-fledged Hollywood film star. Banderas was born on August 10, 1960, in Malaga, Spain. After seeing a performance of Hair at the age of 15, he said of acting, I want to be part of this ritual; I want to do this forever. In 1981 he (19). on a five year acting stint with the Spanish National Theatre in Madrid. There he was (20).by movie director Pedro Almodovar, who offered him roles in films. In his first movie with Almodovar, Banderas played the first of several roles as an HFFHQWULF young man. Under Almodovars direction the young actor was able to (21) his talent fully through (22). roles such as killer, mental patient and kidnapper. This experience (23) valuable for Banderas after he moved to Hollywood in 1989. There in 1992 he landed a role in The Mambo Kings, playing a young Cuban musician living in New York City. Although he spoke almost no English, Banderas was able to learn his (24) phonetically and later took intensive English courses, which helped him land the role of Tom Hanks lover in the box-office (25).. Philadelphia in 1993. Wanting to take the U.S by (26).. , Banderas then enjoyed a whirlwind of acting spree. His movies include The House of the Spirits (1993), Interview with the Vampire 91994), Miami Rhapsody (1995), Desperado (1995), Assassins (1995) and Never Talk to Strangers (1995). Banderas (27). to being ambitious but said that in Spain actors prove their success by making one film after another. Success for Banderas came as a (28) . His personal life recently became public when he fell in love with co-star Melanie Griffith from the film Two Much. Gossip (29). across the country were filled with news about the (30) of his eight-year marriage to a Spanish actress. Banderas insisted that his marriage had been (31) for some time and said of Griffith, I love this woman, and I want to make her happy- that is my only purpose. 0 A feet B belt C table D sleeve 17A unhesitating B undoubting C undeniable D unanswerable 18A gift B artistry C mood D flair 19 A embarked B diverged C undertook D propelled 20 A discovered B founded C initiated D starred 21 A voice B provide C exhibit D express 22 A uncomfortable B uncustomary C unconventional D uncultured 23 A realized B proved C made D came 24 A quotes B sentences C lines D parts 25 A premiere B masterpiece C smash D hit 26A chance B surprise C storm D attack 27A conceded B assented C revealed D acknowledged 28A cost B penalty C fee D price 29A columns B articles C features D editorials 30A break away B break off C break up D break out 31A shaken B unfaithful C weak D unstable

PART 4 Most, but not all of the following lines contain an unnecessary word. Select the word which is not needed and tick the correct lines. (Write the words which you have decided not needed and indicate the correct lines with a tick on the spaces provided below.) WINE AT AUCTION

32. During the winter, most of London auctioneers have wine auctions. Some are of wines for 33. everyday drinking, but most are of the fine wines. Last winter, a dozen bottles of Lafite 1945 34. were knocked out down at 158 the bottle. A Mr John Grisanti, a restaurateur from Memphis, 35. was paid 9,000 for a magnum - that is, a two-bottle size - of 1864 Lafite. He charged 30 36. people $1,500 each person for a dinner with a small glass of the wine. It was worth ten times 37. more the cost of the wine in publicity for his restaurant. Was it worth the money? Well, it is 38. doubtful if you would complain after which you had paid so much for a meal. One man in the 39. fine wine business says so: "As far as clarets are concerned, what confuses me is that there 40. are certainly people who are prepared to pay astronomical prices for wines which I know are 41. nothing but dishwater. Because there is no way that a bottle of wine at 1000 is one hundred 42. times better off than one that costs 10. Perhaps the top price you can pay for wine to enjoy 43. for drinking is 100 a bottle. Above 100, you are paying for something other than taste. 32.--------------33.--------------34.--------------35.--------------36.--------------37.--------------38.--------------39.--------------40.-----------------41.----------------5

42.----------------43.-----------------