Chemistry

Model Set - 1

Academic Year: 2020-2021 Marks: 70

Date: April 2021
Duration: 3h
1. The question paper is divided into four sections.
2. Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple-choice type of questions carrying One
mark each.
3. Section A: Q. No. 2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One
mark each.
4. Section B: Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 14 contains Twelve short answer type of questions
carrying Two marks each. (Attempt any Eight).
5. Section C: Q. No.15 to Q. No. 26 contains Twelve short answer type of questions
carrying Three marks each. (Attempt any Eight).
6. Section D: Q.No. 27 to Q. No. 31 contains Five long answer type of questions
carrying Four marks each. (Attempt any Three).
7. Use of log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed.
8. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
9. For each MCQ, correct answer must be written along with its alphabet.
e.g., (a) ..... / (b ) .... / ( c ) .... / ( d) ..... Only first attempt will be considered for
evaluation.
10. Draw well labeled diagrams and write balanced equations wherever necessary.
11. Given data:
Atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16
Atomic number (Z): Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Ce = 58, Ar = 18,
R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 or 0.083 L bar K-1 mol-1

Q. 1 | Select and write the correct answer:

1.i Bottom ash of thermal power stations can be used as raw material for cement and brick
industry. This example illustrates which of the following principle of green chemistry?
1. Atom economy.
2. Designing safer chemicals.
3. Design for energy efficiency.
4. Prevention of waste or by products.

1.ii The sugar component of nucleotide unit in RNA is _________________

1. α-deoxy-D-ribose
2. D-ribose
3. L-ribose
4. 2-deoxy-L-ribose

1.iii The theory which explain amphoteric nature of water is ______.

1. Arrhenius theory
2. Lewis theory
3. Ostwald theory
4. Bronsted-Lowry theory

1.iv The charge on metal ion in [Fe(CN)6]4− is _________

1. +2
2. +3
3. +4
4. +5

1.v An intensive property amongst the following is ______.

1. Mass
2. Volume
3. Number of moles
4. Temperature

1.vi Acidic strength of halogen acids increases in the order of _______.

1. HF > HCl > HBr > HI
2. HCl > HF > HBr > HI
3. HBr > HCl > HF > HI
4. HI > HBr > HCl > HF

1.vii The following electronic configuration of elements shows highest oxidation state
1. 3d54s2
2. 3d54s1
3. 3d104s2
4. 3d104s1

1.viii Which of the following is the product of reaction of ethane nitrile with Grignard
reagent followed by acid hydrolysis?
1. a ketone
2. an aldehyde
3. an acid
4. an acid chloride

1.ix The pKb of weak base BOH [Kb(BOH) = 1 × 10-5] will be ______.
1. -5
2. 5
3. 1
4. 10-5
1.x Sodium crystallizes in bcc structure. If the edge length of unit cell is 4.3 × 10-8 cm, the
radius of Na atom is ______.
1. 86 × 10-8 cm
2. 52 × 10-8 cm
3. 15 × 10-8 cm
4. 3 × 10-8 cm

Q. 2 | Answer the following:

2.i Name the catalyst used to manufacture of H2SO4 by contact process.

Ans. Platinised asbestos is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of H2SO4 by contact
process.

2.ii Label the one conjugate acid-base pair in the following reaction.

Ans.

2.iii Write the type of isomerism exhibited by [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ and [Co(NH3)5ONO]2+ pair
of complex ion.
Ans. The type of isomerism exhibited is linkage isomerism.

2.iv Complete the following reaction:

Ans.

2.v Write the order of ionic character of halides with monovalent metal (M).
Ans. The ionic character of halides with monovalent metal (M) decreases in the order: MF >
MCl > MBr > MI.
2.vi Write formula to calculate magnetic moment.
Ans. The spin-only formula to calculate magnetic moment is:

2.vii Write chemical formula of ore of zinc.

Ans. Chemical formula of zinc ore (zink blende): ZnS

2.viii The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 0.600 bar and 0.933 bar
respectively, at a certain temperature.
What is the mole fraction of liquid B in the solution when the total vapour pressure of their
mixture is 0.8 bar?
Ans.

To find: Mole fraction of liquid B in the solution

Mole fraction of liquid B in the solution is 0.6.

Q. 3 | Attempt any Eight:

Complete and write the following table
Reaction Name of catalyst
i) Manufacture of HDPE polymer ________________
ii) _______________ V2O5
Ans.
Reaction Name of catalyst
i) Manufacture of HDPE polymer Ziegler-Natta catalyst
ii) Manufacture of H2SO4 by contact V2O5
process

Q. 4 Write the name of raw material used for preparation of nylon 6, 6 polymer.
Ans. Raw material used for preparation of nylon 6, 6 polymer are adipic acid and
hexamethylenediamine.

Q. 5 Give two points to explain why vapour pressure of solvent is lowered by dissolving
nonvolatile solute into it.
Ans.
1. Vapour pressure of a liquid depends on the ease with which the molecules escape
from the surface of liquid. When nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a solvent, some of
the surface molecules of solvent are replaced by nonvolatile solute molecules. These
solute molecules do not contribute to vapour above the solution.
2. Thus, the number of solvent molecules available for vaporization per unit surface
area of a solution is less than the number at the surface of pure solvent. As a result
the solvent molecules at the surface of solution vaporize at a slower rate than pure
solvent. This results in lowering of vapour pressure.

Q. 6 Explain with the help of a potential energy diagram that the catalyst increases the rate
of the reaction.
Ans.
1. A catalyst provides alternative pathway associated with lower activation energy.

Potential energy barriers for catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions

2. The potential energy diagram compares the potential energy barriers for the
catalysed and uncatalysed reactions. The barrier for uncatalysed reaction (Ea) is
larger than that for the same reaction in the presence of a catalyst Ea.
Q. 7 Write one example of each of bidentate and ambidentate ligand.
Ans.

Q. 8. A Define the Standard enthalpy of combustion.

Ans. AThe standard enthalpy of combustion of a substance is the standard enthalpy change
accompanying a reaction in which one mole of the substance in its standard state is
completely oxidized.

Q. 8. B Define the Enthalpy of sublimation.

Ans. Enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy change for the conversion of one mole of solid
directly into vapour at constant temperature and pressure.

Q. 9Elements of group 16 have lower ionization enthalpy values compared to those of

group 15 elements. Explain why?
Ans. Group 15 elements have extra stable, half-filled p-orbitals with outer electronic
configuration (ns2 np3). Therefore, more amount of energy is required to remove an
electron compared to that of the partially filled orbitals (ns2 np4) of group 16 elements of
the corresponding period. Hence, elements of group 16 have lower ionization enthalpy
values compared to those of group 15 elements.

Q. 10 Manganese in the +2 oxidation state is more stable than +3 oxidation state where as
iron is stable at +3 oxidation state than +2 oxidation state. Explain why?
Ans.
1. Any subshell having a half-filled or completely filled electronic configuration has
extra stability.
2. The electronic configuration of Mn2+ is [Ar] 3d5 while that of Mn3+ is [Ar] 3d4. Hence,
manganese in the +2 oxidation state is more stable than +3 oxidation state due to
half-filled d-orbitals.
 3. The electronic configuration of Fe3+ is [Ar] 3d5 while that of Fe2+ is [Ar] 3d6. Hence,
iron is stable at +3 oxidation state than +2 oxidation state due to half-filled d-
orbitals.

Q. 11 Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than those of ethers. Give reason.
Ans.
i. In the liquid phase, carboxylic acids form a dimer in which two molecules are held
by two hydrogen bonds.
ii. Acidic hydrogen of one molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen
of the other molecule.
iii. This doubles the size of the molecule resulting in an increase in intermolecular van
der Waals forces, which in turn results in a high boiling point.
iv. Therefore, carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than those of ethers of
comparable mass.

Q. 12 What is the action of Grignard reagent on benzonitrile?

Ans. Benzonitrile on reaction with the Grignard reagent in the dry ether as solvent
followed by acid hydrolysis will form corresponding ketone derivative.

Q. 13 Write chemical reaction for the preparation of the following polymer.

Polyacrylonitrile
Ans.

Q. 14 The enthalpy change of the following reaction

Bond C − H Cl − Cl H − Cl
∆H°/kJ mol−1 414 243 431

Ans. Given: ΔrH° = –104 kJ

ΔH° (C – H) = 414 kJ mol–1
ΔH° (Cl – Cl) = 243 kJ mol–1
ΔH° (H – Cl) = 431 kJ mol–1
To find: C – Cl bond enthalpy, ΔH° (C–Cl)
Formula: ΔrH° = ∑ΔH°(reactant bonds) − ∑ΔH° (product bonds)
Calculation: ΔrH° = Σ ΔH° (reactant bonds) – Σ ΔH° (product bonds)
= [4 ΔH°(C – H) + ΔH°(Cl – Cl)] – [3 ΔH°(C – H) + ΔH°(C – Cl) + ΔH°(H – Cl)]
= ΔH°(C – H) + ΔH°(Cl – Cl) – ΔH°(C – Cl) – ΔH°(H – Cl)
∴ –104 kJ = 1 mol × (414 kJ mol–1) + 1 mol × (243 kJ mol–1) – ΔH°(C – Cl) – 1 mol × (431 kJ
mol–1)
∴ –104 kJ = 226 kJ – ΔH°(C – Cl)
∴ ΔH°(C – Cl) = 226 kJ + 104 kJ
∴ ΔH°(C – Cl) = 330 kJ mol–1
C – Cl bond enthalpy is 330 kJ mol–1.
Q. 15 | Attempt any Eight:
Write a chemical reaction to convert glucose into glucose cyanohydrin.
Ans. Glucose forms cyanohydrin on reaction with hydrogen cyanide:

Q. 16 Derive the equation which implies that the degree of dissociation of weak acid is
inversely proportional to the square root of its concentration.
Ans. Consider an equilibrium of weak acid HA that exists in solution partly as the
undissociated species HA and partly H+ and A– ions. Then

Suppose 1 mol of acid HA is initially present in volume V dm3 of the solution. At

equilibrium, the fraction dissociated would be α, where α is a degree of dissociation of the
acid. The fraction of an acid that remains undissociated would be (1 − α).

Substituting these in equation (1),

If c is the initial concentration of an acid in mol dm–3 and V is the volume in dm3 mol–1 then
c = 1/V. Replacing 1/V in equation (2) by c, we get

For the weak acid HA, α is very small, or (1 − α) ≅ 1.

With this equation (2) and (3) becomes:
Ka = α2/V and ka = α2c ....(4)
The equation (5) implies that the degree of dissociation of a weak acid is inversely
proportional to the square root of its concentration.

Q. 17 Compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C6H5Cl is fused with NaOH at high temperature
under pressure to give compound ‘B’. Compound ‘B’ on treatment with dil.HCl gives
compound C having characteristic carbolic odour. Write the chemical equations in support
of this. Name the process and give uses of compound C.
Ans.
i. The chemical equation can be represented as:

ii. The process involved in the Dow process.

iii. Uses of phenols:
a. Phenol is used in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde resin. For example,
bakelite.
b. Phenols are used as antiseptic in common products like air fresheners,
deodorants, mouthwash, calamine lotions, floor cleaners, etc.

Q. 18

Ans.
Cell reactions:
Electrode reactions are

Since the standard cell potential is positive, the cell reaction is spontaneous.

Q. 19 Draw the geometrical isomers of the following complexes [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2] and

[Co(NH3)4Cl2]+
Ans. Geometrical isomers of [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2]:

Cis isomer Trans isomer

Geometrical isomers of [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+:
 Cis isomer Trans isomer

Q. 20 An organic compound A with molecular formula C4H10O on treatment with

phosphorus pentachloride gives alkyl chloride. Alkyl chloride on treatment with Mg in
presence of dry ether gives a highly reactive compound B.
Compound B reacts with water to give hydrocarbon C. Alkyl chloride on treatment with Na
in dry ether as a solvent gives alkane, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane. Identify ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’
Ans.

∴ Compound (A): tert-Butyl alcohol;

Compound (B): tert-Butyl magnesium chloride;
Compound (C): 2-Methylpropane

Q. 21 Derive the expression for work done in chemical reaction. Write the relationship
between ∆H and ∆U for an isochoric process
Ans. Expression for work done in a chemical reaction:
The work done by a system at constant temperature and pressure is given by
W = Pext ΔV .....(1)
Assuming Pext = P,
W = – PΔV
= – P (V2 – V1) W
= – PV2 + PV1 ......(2)
If the gases were ideal, at constant temperature and pressure.,
PV1 = n1RT and PV2 = n2RT …(3)
Substitution of equation (3) into equation (2) yields
W = – n2RT + n1RT
= – (n2 – n1) RT
= – Δng RT …(4)
Equation (4) gives the work done by the system in chemical reactions.
Relationship between ∆H and ∆U for an isochoric process:
For an isochoric process, ∆V = 0.
∆H = ∆U + P∆V = ∆U + 0 = ∆U
∴ ∆H = ∆U
Q. 22. A What is the oxidation state of sulfur in the following?
Sulfurous acid
Ans. A Sulfurous acid, H2SO3:

2 × (+1) + (Oxidation state of S) + 3 × (−2) = 0

2 + (Oxidation state of S) − 6 = 0
Hence, oxidation state of ‘S’ in H2SO3 = +4

Q. 22. B What is oxidation state of sulfur in the following?

Peroxymonosulfuric acid
Ans. Peroxymonosulfuric acid, H2SO5:

2 × (+1) + (Oxidation state of S) + 3 × (−2) + 2 × (−1) = 0

2 + (Oxidation state of S) − 6 – 2 = 0
Hence, oxidation state of ‘S’ in H2SO4 = +6

Q. 23. A What are rare earth elements?

Ans.
1. Although, historically, lanthanoids are termed as rare earth elements, they are fairly
abundant in earth’s crust.
e.g. Thulium is found more in abundance than silver (4.5 × 10–5 vs 0.79 × 10–5
percent by mass).
2. The names rare earth elements was coined because of difficulty in extracting them
economically in pure form from other lanthanoids having similar chemical
properties. Now, due to newer separation methods like ion exchange resins, the
separation of these elements has become easier and more economical.

Q. 23. B Write any two properties actinides.

Ans. Properties of actinides:
1. Similar to lanthanoids, they appear silvery-white in colour.
2. These are highly reactive radioactive elements.
3. Except promethium (Pm), all are nonradioactive in nature.
4. They experience decrease in the atomic and ionic radii from actinium (Ac) to
lawrencium (Lr), known as actinoid contraction.
5. They usually exhibit +3 oxidation state. Elements of the first half of the series
usually exhibit higher oxidation states.

Q. 23. C Write any two uses of actinides.

Ans. Uses of actinides:
1. The half-lives of natural thorium and uranium isotopes are so long that we get very
negligible radiation from these elements. So, we find them in everyday use.
2. Th(IV) oxide, ThO2 with 1% CeO2 was used as a major source of indoor lighting
before incandescent lamps came into existence only because these oxides convert
heat energy from burning natural gas to intense light. Even today, there is a great
demand for these lights for outdoor camping.
Q. 24. A What is the action of following reagents on ethanoic acid?
SOCl2/heat
Ans. Ethanoic acid on heating with SOCl2 gives the corresponding acyl chloride.

Q. 24. B What is the action of following reagents on ethanoic acid?

sodalime/heat
Ans. Sodium salts of ethanoic acid on heating with soda lime give methane which contains
one carbon atom less than the ethanoic acid.

Q. 24. C What is the action of following reagents on ethanoic acid?

P2O5/heat
Ans. Ethanoic acid on heating with strong dehydrating agent P2O5 forms acetic anhydride.

Q. 25 A solution containing 3 g of solute A (M = 60 g/mol) in 1 L solution is isotonic with a

solution containing 8.55 g of solute B in 500 mL solution. What is the molar mass of B?
Ans. Given: Mass of solute A = (W2)A = 3 g
Volume = VA = 1 L
Molar mass of solute A = (M2)A = 60 g mol−1
Mass of solute B = (W2)B = 8.55 g
Volume = VB = 500 mL = 0.5 L
To find: Molar mass of solute B = (M2)B

Calculation: For solution containing 3 g of solute A,

The molar mass of solute B is 342 g mol−1

Q. 26 What is the action of following on phenol at low temperature?

a. dil. HNO3
b. conc. H2SO4
c. Br2/CS2
Ans.
a. Dilute HNO3: Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at low temperature to give a
mixture of ortho- and para-nitrophenol.

b. Conc. H2SO4: At room temperature (298 K), phenol reacts with concentrated
sulphuric acid to form o-phenolsulphonic acid.

Br2 in CS2: When a reaction is carried out in a solvent of lower polarity like CS2 a mixture of
ortho- and para-bromophenol is formed.
Q. 27 | Attempt any Three:
27.i What is dehydrohalogenation? State the rule for the formation of the preferred
product of dehydrohalogenation.
Ans.
i. Dehydrohalogenation reaction: When an alkyl halide having at least one β-
hydrogen is boiled with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH), it
undergoes elimination of hydrogen atom from β-carbon and halogen atom from α-
carbon resulting in the formation of an alkene. As hydrogen and halogen are
removed in this reaction, it is termed a dehydrohalogenation reaction.
ii. Saytzeff’s rule:
Statement - “In dehydrohalogenation reaction, the preferred product is that alkene
which has a greater number of alkyl groups attached to doubly bonded carbon
atoms.”

27.ii Write the equations for the preparation of ethyl chloride using
a. Hydrogen halide
b. ethene
c. Thionyl chloride
d. Which of these methods is preferred and why?
Ans.

d. The preparation of ethyl chloride using thionyl chloride will be the most preferred
method.
1. Thionyl chloride reacts with straight-chain primary alcohols to give unrearranged
alkyl chloride.
2. The byproducts (SO2 and HCl) obtained during the course of the reaction are in a
 gaseous state thus, there is no need to put extra effort for its separation. Hence, this
method is preferred for the preparation of ethyl chloride.

Q. 28

Ans.
Q. 29 Derive an expression for the relation between half-life and rate constant for first-
order reaction.
The half-life period for the first order reaction is 1.7 hrs. How long will it take for 20% of
the reactant to disappear?
Ans. 1. The relation between half-life and rate constant for first-order reaction:
Putting this condition in the integrated rate law we write

2. Given: Half life (t1/2) = 1.7 hours, [A]0 = 100%, [A]t = 100 − 20 = 80%
To find: Time for 20% of reactant to react = t
Formulae:
The time required for 20% of reaction to react is 0.5475 h or 32.9 min.

Q. 30 Derive the relationship between density of substance, its molar mass, and the unit
cell edge length. Explain how you will calculate the number of particles, and a number of
unit cells in x g of metal.
Ans.
• Relationship between density of a substance, its molar mass and the unit cell
edge length:
1. If edge length of cubic unit cell is ‘a’, then the volume of unit cell is a3.
2. Suppose that mass of one particle is ‘m’ and that there are ‘n’ particles per unit cell.
∴ Mass of unit cell = m × n .....(1)
3. The density of unit cell (ρ), which is same as density of the substance is given by:

The density (ρ) and molar mass (M) of metal are related to each other through unit
cell parameters as given below:

• where, ‘n’ is the number of particles in unit cell and ‘a3’ is the volume of unit cell.
 1. The number of particles in x g of metallic crystal:

Q. 31 Write the factors influencing the basicity of amines.

Ans. Factors influencing the basicity of amines are as follows:
i. Influence of +I effect:
1. Basicity of amines is related to the structural effects which influence the
stabilization of various species. Greater is the stabilization of the protonated amine,
that is, the conjugate acid, greater is the basicity of the amine.
2. An alkyl group exerts an electron releasing inductive effect (+I) which stabilizes
the positive charge on the atom bonded to it. As we move from conjugate acid of
ammonia NHX4+ to that of tertiary amine (R3NH+), the number of alkyl groups (R)
bonded to nitrogen goes on increasing steadily. This results in increasing
stabilization of the conjugate acids and thereby an increasing order of basic strength
is expected.
Order of stabilization:

Expected order of basic strength: NH3 < R – NH2 < R2NH < R3N
3. The expected order of basic strength on the basis of the +I effect differs from the
observed order. However, decreased basic strength of 3° amine implies that the
conjugate acid of 3° amine is less stabilized even though the +I effect of three alkyl
groups in R3N+H is expected to be large. Decreased basic strength of 3° amine
implies that the conjugate acid of 3° amine is less stabilized even though the +I effect
of three alkyl groups in R3N+H is expected to be large. This is suggestive of the
existence of another influencing factor in the stabilization of conjugate acids of
amines.
ii. Influence of solvation by water: The solvent water stabilizes the conjugate acid by
hydrogen bonding through the ‘H’ bonded to the ‘N+’.
 The number of ‘H’ atoms bonded to the ‘N+’ decreases from 4 in NHX4+ to 1 in
R3NH+. As a result, NHX4+ is best stabilized by solvation while the stabilization by
solvation is very poor in R3NH+. Thus, the basic strength of 3° amines is decreased.
iii. Combined influence of +I effect and solvation:
1. The combined influence of both, +I effect and solvation on stabilization if
conjugate acids of aliphatic amines decide the observed basic strength and
pKb value. These two influencing factors operate in opposite directions.
2. The net result is that as we move from NH3 to RNH2 to R2NH, the basic strength
increases due to better stabilization of the corresponding conjugate acids.
3. But, 3° amine is a weaker base than 2° amine because the stabilization of
conjugate acid of 3° amine by solvation is very poor.