Designation: D3350 − 12´1

Standard Specification for

Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3350; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

ε1 NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in April 2013.

1. Scope* D746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics

1.1 This specification covers the identification of polyeth- and Elastomers by Impact
ylene plastic pipe and fittings materials in accordance with a D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
cell classification system. It is not the function of this specifi- and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
cation to provide specific engineering data for design purposes, als
to specify manufacturing tolerances, or to determine suitability D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
for use for a specific application. tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.2 Polyethylene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
reprocessable and recyclable (Note 2). This specification al- D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
lows for the use of those polyethylene materials, provided that by Extrusion Plastometer
all specific requirements of this specification are met. D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
Materials for Wire and Cable
NOTE 1—The notes in this specification are for information only and
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
shall not be considered part of this specification.
NOTE 2—See Guide D5033 for information and definitions related to Gradient Technique
recycled plastics. D1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Plastics
standard. D1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Ethylene Plastics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
D2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-
NOTE 3—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
mining Density of Polyethylene
1.5 For information regarding molding and extrusion mate- D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
rials see Specification D4976. For information regarding wire D4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black
and cable materials see Specification D1248. Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-
Furnace Technique
2. Referenced Documents
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics Ultrasound Technique
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Extrusion Materials
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating
Materials. to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3350 - 10A. DOI: 2007)3
10.1520/D3350-12E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 D3350 − 12´1
F1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the in describing polyethylene plastics:
Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes Type I (0.910 to 0.925) = Low Density
and Resins Type II (0.926 to 0.940) = Medium Density
Type III (0.941 to 0.965) = High Density
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12162 Thermoplastic Materials for Pipes and Fittings NOTE 5—The manner in which materials are identified in the cell
classification is illustrated for Class PE233424B as follows (refer also to
for Pressure Applications—Classification and Table 1 and 6.2):
Designation—Overall Service (Design) Coefficient Class
2 3 3 4 2 4 B
3. Terminology Density (0.926–0.940 g/cm3)
Melt Index (<0.4–0.15)
3.1 Definitions: Flexural Modulus (276–<552 MPa)
3.1.1 Terms as described in Terminology D883 shall apply Tensile Strength at yield
in this specification. (21–<24 MPa (3000–<3500 psi))
Slow Crack Growth Resistance
3.1.2 polyethylene plastics—as defined by this specification, I. ESCR D1693
plastics or resins prepared by the polymerization of no less than Condition B, 24 h, 50% max failure
II. PENT F1473
85 % ethylene and no less than 95 % of total olefins with Average 1 h failure
additional compounding ingredients. Hydrostatic design basis at 23°C
(11.03 MPa (1600 psi))
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Color and UV stabilizer (colored)
3.2.1 materials—polyethylene (PE) resins with the added
compounding ingredients. 4.2 Materials used in polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings
3.2.2 PE compounds—has the same meaning as PE plastics shall use a cell-type format for the identification, close
materials, compounds, and plastics. characterization, and specification of material properties. The
3.3 Historical usage and user group conventions have re- information from the format is to be used alone or in
sulted in inconsistent terminology used to categorize and combination.
describe polyethylene resins and compounds. The following NOTE 6—This type format, however, is subject to possible misapplica-
terminology is in use in ASTM specifications pertaining to tion since unobtainable property combinations can be selected if the user
polyethylene: is not familiar with commercially available materials. The manufacturer
should be consulted. Additionally, the appropriate ASTM standard speci-
3.3.1 Specification D1248: fication should be reviewed to assure materials utilized will meet all the
3.3.1.1 Type (0, I, II, III, IV) = density ranges (same, material and piping requirements as specified in the standard.
respectively, as Class in Specification D4976). 4.3 Grade—A code for polyethylene pipe and fittings ma-
3.3.1.2 Class (A, B, C, D) = composition and use. terials that consists of the two letter abbreviation for polyeth-
3.3.1.3 Category (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as ylene (PE) followed by two numbers that designate the density
Grade in Specification D4976). cell (Property 1) and the slow crack growth resistance cell
3.3.1.4 Grade (E, J, D, or W followed by one or two digits) (Property 5), as defined by either Test Method F1473 or Test
= specific requirements from tables. Method D1693, of the thermoplastic, as specified in Table 1.
3.3.2 Specification D3350:
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For the requirements of Property 5 (slow crack growth

3.3.2.1 Type (I, II, III) = density ranges (same as Types I, II, resistance), consult the materials section of the appropriate
and III in Specification D1248 and Classes 1, 2, and 3 in ASTM standard specification for the end-use application.
Specification D4976).
3.3.2.2 Class = a line callout system consisting of “PE” NOTE 7—Grade designations were adapted from Specification
followed by six cell numbers from Table 1 plus a letter (A, B, D1248 - 84 prior to the removal of pipe material from D1248 - 84. Former
Specification D1248 - 84 grades for PE pipe materials were P14, P23,
C, D, E) denoting color and UV stabilizer. P24, P33, and P34. Equivalent Specification D3350 grade designations for
3.3.2.3 Grade = simplified line callout system using “PE” these materials are PE11, PE20, PE23, PE30, and PE33, respectively.
followed by density and slow crack growth cell numbers from
Table 1. 5. Materials and Manufacture
3.3.3 Specification D4976: 5.1 The molding and extrusion material shall be polyethyl-
3.3.3.1 Group (1, 2) = branched or linear polyethylene. ene plastic in the form of powder, granules, or pellets.
3.3.3.2 Class (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) = density ranges (same, 5.2 The molding and extrusion materials shall be as uniform
respectively, as Type in Specification D1248). in composition and size and as free of contamination as is
3.3.3.3 Grade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as achieved by good manufacturing practice. If necessary, the
Category in Specification D1248). level of contamination may be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
4. Classification
5.3 When specified, the color and translucence of molded or
4.1 Polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings compounds are
extruded pieces formed, under the conditions specified by the
classified in accordance with density, melt index, flexural
manufacturer of the materials, shall be comparable within
modulus, tensile strength at yield, slow crack growth
commercial match tolerances to the color and translucence of
resistance, and hydrostatic strength classification in Table 1.
standard samples supplied in advance by the manufacturer of
NOTE 4—It has been a long-standing practice to use the following terms the material.

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 D3350 − 12´1
TABLE 1 Primary PropertiesA —Cell Classification Limits
Test
Property 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Method
1. Density, g/cm3 D1505 Unspecified 0.925 or >0.925- >0.940- >0.947- >0.955 ... Specify
lower 0.940 0.947 0.955 Value

2. Melt index D1238 Unspecified >1.0 1.0 to <0.4 to <0.15B C

Specify
0.4 0.15 Value

3. Flexural D790 Unspecified <138 138- 276- 552- 758- >1103 Specify
modulus, MPa (psi) (<20 000) <276 <552 <758 <1103 (>160 000) Value
(20 000 to (40 000 to (80 000 to (110 000 to
<40 000) 80 000) 110 000) <160 000)

4. Tensile strength D638 Unspecified <15 15-<18 18-<21 21-<24 24-<28 >28 Specify
at yield, MPa (psi) (<2200) (2200- (2600- (3000- (3500- (>4000) Value
<2600) <3000) <3500) <4000)

5. Slow Crack
Growth Resistance
I. ESCR D1693 Unspecified
a. Test condition A B C C ... ... ... Specify
(100% Igepal.)D Value
b. Test duration, h 48 24 192 600
c. Failure, max, % Unspecified 50 50 20 20
II. PENT (hours) F1473
Molded plaque, Unspecified ... ... ... 10 30 100 500 Specify
80°C, 2.4 MPa Value
Notch depth, Unspecified
F1473, Table 1

6. Hydrostatic Strength
Classification
I. Hydrostatic design D2837 NPRE 5.52 6.89 8.62 11.03 ... ...
basis, MPa (psi), (23°C) (800) (1000) (1250) (1600)

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II. Minimum required ISO 12162 ... ... ... ... ... 8 10
strength, MPa (psi), (20°C) (1160) (1450)
A
Compliance with physical properties in accordance with Section 8 is required including requirements for cell classification, color, and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, thermal
stability, brittleness temperature, density, tensile strength at yield, and elongation at break.
B
Refer to 10.1.4.1.
C
Refer to 10.1.4.2.
D
There are environmental concerns regarding the disposal of Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol (CAS 68412-54-4) for example, Igepal CO-630. Users are advised
to consult their supplier or local environmental office and follow the guidelines provided for the proper disposal of this chemical.
E
NPR = Not Pressure Rated.

6. Physical Properties 6.2.1 For PE compounds with a hydrostatic strength classi-

6.1 Cell Classification—Test values for specimens of the PE fication cell class 0 (not pressure-rated), the carbon black
material prepared as specified in Section 9 and tested in content shall be in the range of 2.0 % to 4.0 %.
accordance with Section 10 shall conform to the requirements 6.2.2 For PE compounds with a hydrostatic strength classi-
given in Table 1. A typical property value for a PE material is fication other than cell class 0, the carbon black content shall
to be the average value from testing numerous lots or batches be in the range of 2.0 % to 3.0 %.
and determines the cell number. When, due to manufacturing 6.3 Thermal Stability—The PE material shall contain suffi-
tolerances and testing bias, individual lot or batch values fall cient antioxidant so that the minimum induction temperature
into the adjoining cell, the individual value shall not be shall be 220°C when tested in accordance with 10.1.9.
considered acceptable unless the user, or both the user and the
producer, determine that the individual lot or batch is suitable 6.4 Brittleness Temperature—The brittleness temperature
for its intended purpose. shall not be warmer than −60°C when tested in accordance
with Test Method D746.
6.2 Color and Ultraviolet (UV) Stabilizer—The color and
UV stabilization shall be indicated at the end of the cell 6.5 Density—The density used to classify the material shall
classification by means of a letter designation in accordance be the density of the PE base resin (uncolored PE) determined
with the following code: in accordance with 10.1.3. When the average density of any lot
Code Letter Color and UV Stabilizer
or shipment falls within 60.002 g/cm3 of the nominal value, it
A Natural shall be considered as conforming to the nominal value and to
B Colored all classifications based on the nominal value.
C Black with a carbon black in
the range as noted in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 6.5.1 For black compounds, containing carbon black, deter-
D Natural with UV stabilizer mine the density, Dp, and calculate the resin density, Dr, as
E Colored with UV stabilizer follows:

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 D3350 − 12´1
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FIG. 1 Mounting Film Specimen in Cup

Dr 5 Dp 2 0.0044C with the procedure described in Sections 9 through 12 of

Practice D1898. Adequate statistical sampling prior to packag-
where:
ing shall be considered an acceptable alternative.
C = weight percent of carbon black.
NOTE 8—A sample taken from finished product may not necessarily
6.5.2 For colored compounds, the nominal density of the represent the original batch or lot.
base resin shall be provided by the manufacturer, on request.
6.6 Tensile Strength at Yield—The tensile strength at yield 8. Number of Tests
used to classify the material shall be the tensile strength at yield 8.1 The requirements identified by the material designation
of the PE resin determined in accordance with 10.1.6. When and otherwise specified in the purchase order shall be verified
the average tensile strength at yield of any lot or shipment falls by tests made in accordance with 11.1. For routine inspection,
within 63.45 MPa (6500 psi) of the nominal value, it shall be only those tests necessary to identify the material to the
considered as conforming to the nominal value and to all satisfaction of the purchaser shall be required. One sample
classifications based on the nominal value. shall be sufficient for testing each batch or lot provided that the
6.7 Elongation at Break—As tested in accordance with average values for all of the tests made on that batch or lot
10.1.6, all pressure rated materials shall have a minimum comply with the specified requirements.
extension at break of 400 %.
9. Specimen Preparation
7. Sampling 9.1 Unless otherwise specified in Section 10, the test speci-
7.1 A batch or lot shall be considered as a unit of manufac- mens shall be molded in accordance with Procedure C of
ture and shall consist of one production run or as a blend of two Annex A1 of Practice D4703.
or more production runs of material. 9.2 When pipe or fitting test specimens are required, they
7.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer shall be extruded or molded in accordance with the specifica-
and the purchaser, the material shall be sampled in accordance tions of the material manufacturer.

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 D3350 − 12´1

FIG. 2 Typical DSC Plots

10. Test Methods 10.1.4.2 Classify materials having a melt index less than
10.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall be 0.15 (Cell 4) as Cell 5 only if they have a flow rate not greater
determined in accordance with the following test methods: than 4.0 g/10 min when tested in accordance with Test Method
10.1.1 Conditioning—Unless otherwise specified in the test D1238, Condition 190/21.6.
methods or in this specification, for those tests where condi- NOTE 9—For materials having a melt index less than 0.40 to 0.15 g/10
tioning is required, condition the molded test specimens in min (Cell 3), the manufacturer may report a flow rate value when tested
accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618. in accordance with Test Method D1238, Condition 190/21.6. For non-
10.1.2 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the pressure applications, if agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the manufacturer may report only the melt index.
test methods or in this specification, conduct tests at the NOTE 10—Flow rate is the general term used for all results obtained
standard laboratory temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F). with Test Method D1238. Although the flow rate of polyethylene plastics
10.1.3 Density—Test Method D1505 or alternative methods may be measured under any of the conditions listed for it under 7.2 of Test
referenced in 2.1 (see D792, D2839, and D4883) providing Method D1238, only measurements made at Condition 190/2.16 may be
equivalent accuracy. Make duplicate determinations using two identified as “Melt Index.”
separate portions of the same molding or from two moldings. 10.1.5 Flexural Modulus—Test Methods D790, using
The molded specimen thickness portions shall be 1.9 6 0.2 Method 1, Procedure B, and a 50-mm (2-in.) test span. Test five
mm (0.075 6 0.008 in.). Calculate the average value. specimens, each 3.2 by 12.7 mm (1⁄8 by 1⁄2 in.) flatwise at a
10.1.4 Melt Index—Test Method D1238, using Condition crosshead speed of 12.7 mm/min (0.5 in./min) and the average
190/2.16. Make duplicate determinations on the material in the value of the secant modulus calculated at 2 % strain in the
form of powder, granules, or pellets, and calculate the average; outer fibers.
no conditioning is required. 10.1.5.1 The deflection of the test specimen corresponding
10.1.4.1 For materials having a melt index less than 0.15 to 2 % strain (0.02 mm/mm or in./in.) is calculated as follows:
(Cell 4), the manufacturer shall report a flow rate not greater
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D 5 rL2 /6d
than 20 g/10 min and not less than 4.0 g/10 min when tested in
accordance with Test Method D1238, Condition 190/21.6. where:

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 D3350 − 12´1

D = deflection of the center of the beam test specimen at 2 % manufacturer regarding calibration and operation shall be
strain, in., followed except when in conflict with other parts of this
r = strain in the outer fibers = 0.02 mm/mm (0.02 in./in.), section.
L = test span = 50 mm (2 in.), and
d = specimen depth = 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.). NOTE 12—This test requires accurate temperature and atmosphere
control on the DSC specimen compartment. The DSC manufacturers offer
10.1.5.2 The stress corresponding to 2 % strain is calculated choices in cell configuration and temperature control parameters that may
as follows: affect this required control. For example, in some power compensation
DSCs, use of the two-hole platinum specimen holder lids with a special
S 5 3 PL/2 bd2 “flow-through” swing-away block cover is required. Therefore, the user
may wish to consult equipment-specific literature and with the equipment
where: manufacturer to optimize the operation of individual DSCs for this test.
S = stress in the outer fiber at 2 % strain,
P = load corresponding to 2 % strain, N (lbf), 10.1.9.1 Specimens—Press small pieces of the pipe into
L = test span = 50 mm (2 in.), films 0.127 6 0.013 mm (0.0050 6 0.0005 in.) thick. Cut at
d = specimen depth = 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.), and least three disks 6.35 6 0.13 mm (0.250 6 0.005 in.) in
b = specimen width = 12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.). diameter from the film.
The secant modulus at 2 % strain is the ratio of stress to 10.1.9.2 Procedure—Place the disk of film in a small
strain or S/0.02. aluminum cup used in the DSC in a stretched condition, as
10.1.6 Tensile Strength at Yield—The tensile strength at shown in Fig. 1(a). Place a small piece of indium (melting
yield and elongation at break shall be determined in accordance point 156.6°C) or anisic acid (melting point 183.0°C) for a
with Test Method D638. The speed of testing shall be 500 temperature reference standard contained in a similar cup (see
mm/min (20 in./min for materials in the density range from Fig. 1(b)) in the reference position. Use an oxidized copper
0.910 to 0.925 g/cm3) and 50 mm/min (2 in./min for all others). reference disk for black, filled, or dark brown test specimens
Specimens shall conform to the dimensions given for Type IV and an aluminum disk for natural or light pigmented polymers.
in Test Method D638 with a thickness of 1.9 6 0.2 mm Place the specimen and reference standard cups in the instru-
(0.075 6 0.008 in.). Specimen shall be either die cut or ment which is preset at approximately 150°C. The bottoms of
machined. the cups shall be pressed and rubbed securely against the flat
10.1.7 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—One method shall surface so as to ensure that thermal contact is made. Allow 5
be used to classify this material property. min for the cups to reach thermal equilibrium. Begin the
10.1.7.1 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—The material’s programmed heating at approximately 150°C at a heating rate
resistance shall meet the minimum requirement shown for the of 10.0°C/min in static air. Test at least three film specimens
appropriate cell classification when tested in accordance with from each sample and use the average value for the induction
Test Method D1693. temperature.
10.1.7.2 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—The average fail- NOTE 13—Since the indium standard may change with use, it should
ure time from two test specimens shall meet the minimum not be used more than 30 times without confirming that no significant
requirement shown for the appropriate cell classification when change in melting point has occurred. This check can be made by
tested in accordance with Test Method F1473. Test at least four comparison with a fresh piece of indium.
specimens in case of a dispute. 10.1.9.3 Results—The temperature change (∆T) or heat
10.1.8 Hydrostatic Strength Classification—One method absorption rate (J/s) in the specimen plotted against tempera-
shall be used to classify this material property. ture shall produce a line with a clear rise in slope. The
10.1.8.1 Hydrostatic Design Basis—Determine the hydro- induction temperature (degradation onset) is the intersection of
static design basis in accordance with Test Method D2837, on the extended base line and a line tangent to the leading slope of
pipe extruded from three different lots of material. Subject the exothermic decomposition peak (see Fig. 2).
specimens from one lot for at least 10 000 h. Terminate the 10.1.10 Carbon Black Content—Test Method D1603 or Test
tests on the two additional lots after 2000 h. The results from Method D4218 shall be used. Make duplicate determinations
each of the three lots shall be within the same or next higher from a sample of the material in the form of powder, granules,
cell limits. or pellets.
NOTE 11—For pressure application at elevated temperatures, the hy-
drostatic design basis should be determined at that temperature in 11. Inspection
accordance with Test Method D2837. The 100 000-h intercept should be
categorized in accordance with Table 1 of Test Method D2837. 11.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon
10.1.8.2 Minimum Required Strength—Determine the mini- between the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the
mum required strength in accordance with ISO 12162. purchase contract.
10.1.9 Thermal Stability—Test specimens taken from pipe
or fittings made from the virgin material with a differential 12. Retest and Rejection
scanning calorimeter (DSC).4 The directions of the instrument 12.1 If any failure occurs, and when specified by the
manufacturer, the material shall be retested to establish con-
formity in accordance with the agreement between the pur-
4
Instruments are available from TA Instruments, Perkin-Elmer, and others. chaser and the manufacturer.
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 D3350 − 12´1
13. Packaging and Marking 14. Keywords
13.1 Packaging—The material shall be packaged in stan- 14.1 cell classification system; pipe and fittings material;
dard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensure polyethylene; recycled
acceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportation
at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise
specified in the contract or order.
13.2 Marking—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the

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seller and the purchaser, shipping containers shall be marked
with the name of the material, identification in accordance with
this specification, the lot or batch number and quantity con-
tained therein, as defined by the contract or order under which
shipment is made, and the name of the manufacturer.
13.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
Practice D3892 shall apply to this specification.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D3350 - 10a) that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2012)

(1) Added 10.1.4.1 and Note 9. (4) Added 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.
(2) Revised Table 1. (5) Added new footnote to Table 1 regarding disposal of
(3) Revised 6.2. Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol.

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