C1 CodeBot Book-1
C1 CodeBot Book-1
æ
ȼȻ
:LQGRZVZLWK2IILFH
P ZLWK2I
PM
'DYLQGHU6LQJK0LQKDV
DYLQGHU6LQJK
dŚŝƐŬďĞůŽŶŐƐƚŽ͗
EĂŵĞ ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘
ůĂƐƐ ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘^ĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ZŽůůEŽ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘
^ĐŚŽŽů ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘
3038%/,6+(56397/7'
,73/$1(7 &RGH%RW
ŽŶƚĞŶƚ tƌŝƚĞƌ ͗ DĞĞŶĂŬƐŚŝ ŶĞũĂ
tĞď ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌ ͗ ŬĂƐŚ
ĚŝƚŽƌ ͗ 'ĂƵƌĂǀ 'ƵƉƚĂ
ΞϮϬϭϭďLJWDWƵďůŝƐŚĞƌƐWǀƚ͘>ƚĚ͘
ůů ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘ EŽ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƵďůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ ƐƚŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕
ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚƚĞĚ Žƌ ƵƚŝůŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ ĨŽƌŵ Žƌ ďLJ ĂŶLJ ŵĞĂŶƐ͕ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ Žƌ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉŚŽƚŽĐŽƉLJŝŶŐ͕
ƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŽƌ ǁƌŝƚƚĞŶ ƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ͕ Žƌ ĂƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ďLJ ůĂǁ͕ Žƌ
ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚĞƌŵƐ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ZĞƉƌŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƐ ZŝŐŚƚƐ KƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶ;ƐͿ͘
DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ tŽƌĚ͕ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ džĐĞů͕ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ WŽǁĞƌWŽŝŶƚ͕ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ ĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ^ĐƌĂƚĐŚ͕
Ğ / džƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ͕
WŚŽƚŽƐŚŽƉ͕ ŶŝŵĂƚĞ͕ ^ƚLJŬnj͕ '/DW͕ WĞŶĐŝůϮ͕ &ƌĞĞƉŝŬ͕ 'ŽŽŐůĞ ^'Ɛ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ ĂŶĚ Ăůů ŽƚŚĞƌ ďƌĂŶĚ
Ɛ Ŭ ĂƌĞ
ŶĂŵĞƐ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ŶĂŵĞƐ͕ ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝĐŽŶƐ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ Ă ƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐ͕ ƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐ Žƌ
ŚĞƌ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ Žƌ ǀĞŶĚŽƌ
ƚƌĂĚĞ ŶĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞ ŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ WƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ
P
ŵĞŶƚŝŽŶĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ Ŭ͘
PM
/^E ͗ ϵϳϴͲϵϯͲϵϭϭϴϱͲϬϴͲϰ
&ŝƌƐƚĚŝƚŝŽŶ ͗ ϮϬϮϮ
WƌŝŶƚĞĚĂƚ ͗
WƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂďLJ ͗
3038%/,6+(56397/7'
Ͳϱϱ͕^ĞĐƚŽƌͲϲϱ͕EK/͕'ĂƵƚĂŵƵĚŚEĂŐĂƌͲϮϬϭϯϬϭ;h͘W͘Ϳ͕/ŶĚŝĂ
WŚ͗͘ϬϭϮϬͲϰϯϬϬϭϯϬͲϯϯ͕DŽď͗͘ϵϱϰϬϵϵϬϭϳϳ
ͲŵĂŝů͗ŝŶĨŽΛƉŵƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌƐ͘ŝŶ
hZ>͗ǁǁǁ͘ƉŵƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌƐ͘ŝŶ
35()$&(
dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďŝŐŐĞƐƚ ĐĂƚĂůLJƐƚƐ ŝŶ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁŚŝůĞ ƉůĂLJŝŶŐ Ă
ǀŝƚĂů ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ Ɛ ǁĞ ŬŶŽǁ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ŝƐ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ Ăƚ Ă ĨĂƐƚ ƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŽ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͘ ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƚŝǀĞ ĨŽƌ ƵƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ŽƵƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŵĂƚĐŚ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ
ŝŶĐƵůĐĂƚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌŝƐƚŝĐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶĚƐĞƚ͘
dŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƌĞĂĚLJ ƚŽ ĨĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƐƚĂLJ ƚƵŶĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵŶƉƌĞĐĞĚĞŶƚĞĚ
ũŽƵƌŶĞLJ ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ WŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϮϬ ŚĂƐ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ůĞĂƌŶƚ ďLJ
ƚŚĞŵ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ǁŝůů ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ ŝŶ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͕ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ͕ ĂĚĂƉƚĂďůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝǀĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ
ďĞŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĨŝĞůĚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŝŐŝƚĂů >ŝƚĞƌĂĐLJ͕ ŽĚŝŶŐ͕ ŽŵƉƵƚĂƚŝŽŶĂů dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů
/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƉŝĚůLJ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ƚĞĐŚͲƐĂǀǀLJ ǁŽƌůĚ͘
ŶǀŝƐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ WŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϮϬ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŽĚĞŽƚ͕ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ͕
ĞdžŚĂƵƐƚŝǀĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ ϭ ƚŽ ϴ͘ dŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ƐŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ KĨĨŝĐĞ ϮϬϭϲ ĂŶĚ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ ϭϬ͘
dŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĨŝǀĞ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ͗
y ŝŐŝƚĂů >ŝƚĞƌĂĐLJ͗ dŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ĚŝƐĐĞƌŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ŝŶ ĚĂLJͲƚŽͲĚĂLJ ůŝĨĞ͘
/ƚ ǁŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ũ ĂƐ Ă ƚŽŽů͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ
ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƵďũĞĐƚƐ͘
y ŽŵƉƵƚĂƚŝŽŶĂů dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͗ dŽ ŝŶĐƵůĐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŽĨ ƉƌŽďůĞŵ
P ƉƌŽďůĞŵͲƐŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ
ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŽŵƉƵƚĂƚŝŽŶĂů dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ĐůĂƐƐ ϭ ƚŽ ϱ͘ /ƚ ĐŽŶ
ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ
ŵ͕ ĞƚĐ͘
ŽŶ WĂƚƚĞƌŶƐ͕ ĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶ͕ ďƐƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶ͕ ůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵ͕ ĞƚĐ
y ŽĚŝŶŐ :ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ͗ ,ĂǀŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ůĞĂƌŶ ĐŽĚŝŶŐ ŽĚŝŶŐ Ăƚ ĂŶ ĞĂƌůLJ ĂŐĞ
ĂŐ ŚĞůƉƐ ƚŚĞŵ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ
PM
ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ͘ ĐŽŵƉ /ƚ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌƐ ƚŚĞŵ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ
ĞƉŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶ ŵŝŶĚ͕ ǁĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŝƚ͘ <ĞĞƉŝŶŐ ǁ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚŝǀĞ ĨƵŶͲďĂƐĞĚ ĐŽĚŝŶŐ
ŶĚ ^ĐƌĂƚĐŚ ĨƌŽŵ
ĨŽƌ Ăůů ůĞǀĞůƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ^ĐƌĂƚĐŚ :ƌ ĂŶĚ ŵ ĐůĂƐƐ
ĐůĂ Ϯ ƚŽ ϱ͖ WLJƚŚŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŐĂŵŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ 'h/ͲďĂƐĞĚ
ĐŽĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ D/d ƉƉ /ŶǀĞŶƚŽƌ ĨƌŽŵ ŵ ĐůĂƐƐ ϲ ƚŽ ϴ͘
y ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ;/Ϳ͗ <ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŽĨ
ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ŝƐ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ŵŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĂƐ
ŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ / ĨƌŽŵ
ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ /ͲƌĞĂĚLJ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
ĐůĂƐƐ ϭ ŽŶǁĂƌĚƐ ŝŶ Ă ĨƵŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘
y LJďĞƌ ŽŶĞ͗ dŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ĐŽǀĞƌƐ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ůŝƚĞƌĂĐLJ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌŽǁƐ ůŝŐŚƚ ŽŶ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐLJďĞƌĐƌŝŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ĐLJďĞƌ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞďLJ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ŐŽŽĚ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĐŝƚŝnjĞŶƐ͘
dŽ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ Ă ǀŝƐƵĂůůLJ ĂƉƉĞĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞĂƐLJ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ďŽŽŬ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĂƌƚĨƵůůLJ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͕ ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞdžƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ͘ DŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ƐŚŽǁ Ă ƐƚĞƉͲďLJͲ
ƐƚĞƉ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐLJ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐŝŵƉůŝĨŝĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞdž ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƚĞƌŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ
ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞǀĞƌLJ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ǁŝůů ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ǁŚŝůĞ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͘
dŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ ĞdžĐŝƚŝŶŐ͕ ƚŽƉŝĐͲƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚĚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƚƌLJ
ŽƵƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƚŝůů ŝŶ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĨŝĚĞŶĐĞ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĞLJ ĞŵďĂƌŬ ŽŶ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ
ƵƐŝŶŐ Ă ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌ ƐŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ͘ ĂĐŚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ƉƌĂĐƚŝĐĂů ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ
ƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞĂƐLJͲƚŽͲƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͘
/Ŷ Ă EƵƚƐŚĞůů ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞƐ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ^ĞůĨͲǀĂůƵĂƚŝŽŶ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ĞdžĂŵŝŶĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌͲǁŝƐĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͘ džĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ Ăƚ
ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ ŽĨ ĞǀĞƌLJ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
tĞ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝǀĞ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ͕ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ͕
ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞĨƵů ďŽƚŚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘ zŽƵ ŵĂLJ ŵĂŝů ƵƐ Ăƚ ĞĚŝƚŽƌΛƉŵƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌƐ͘ŝŶ͘
hd,KZ
&217(176
',*,7$//,7(5$&<
ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌʹDĂŐŝĐDĂĐŚŝŶĞ ϱ
ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌʹ/ƚƐWĂƌƚƐĂŶĚhƐĞƐ ϭϯ
7(50
dŚĞ<ĞLJďŽĂƌĚĂŶĚDŽƵƐĞ Ϯϯ
WĂŝŶƚʹ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ
P ƚŝŽŶ ϯϱ
tŽƌŬƐŚĞĞƚͲ/ ϰϲ
PM
ĂƚĂĂŶĚDĞŵŽƌLJ
ĂŶĚDĞŵŽƌLJ ϰϳ
dƵdžWĂŝŶƚʹ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ϱϭ
7(50
&20387$7,21$/7+,1.,1*
WĂƚƚĞƌŶƐĂŶĚWƵnjnjůĞƐ ϲϯ
$57,),&,$/,17(//,*(1&(
>Ğƚ͛ƐƌĂǁǁŝƚŚ/ ϳϮ
tŽƌŬƐŚĞĞƚͲ// ϳϵ
ĚĚŝƚŝŽŶĂů/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ϴϬ
',*,7$//,7(5$&< 7(50
,QWURGXFWLRQWR&RPSXWHU
+L .
.LGV , DP \RXU QHZ
IULHQG
IULHQ ² 5RER , ZLOO KHOS
P \RX OHDUQ
OH DQG XQGHUVWDQG
PM
WKH FRPSXWHU DV D PDFKLQH
:RZ
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
1DWXUDO7KLQJV
:H VHH VR PDQ\ WKLQJV DURXQG XV VXFK DV WUHHV IORZHUV
DQLPDOV ELUGV FORXGV DQG PRXQWDLQV
P
PM
dƌĞĞ &ůŽǁĞƌƌ ŶŝŵĂů
ŝƌĚ
1DWXUH KDV FUHDWHG DOO WKHVH WKLQJV
WK
WKLQ
7KDW LV ZK\ WKH\ DUH FDOOHG
DOOHG 11DWXUDO 7KLQJV
0DQ0DGH7KLQJV
:H DOVR VHH PDQ\ RWKHU WKLQJV DURXQG XV VXFK DV SHQFLO FKDLU
EDOO VFKRRO EDJ WHOHYLVLRQ PRELOH SKRQH DQG ELF\FOH
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
Ăƌ ŝĐLJĐůĞ
P ůĞ ƵƐ
R GR
6RPH PDFKLQHV KHOS \RX WR GR ZRUN ZLW
ZLWK HDVH DW KRPH
PM
, FDQ SOD\
, FDQ VKRZ
JDPHV
J ZLWK \RX
\RX D PRYLH
P YLH
, FDQ VLQJ D
, FDQ
PM
VRQJ IRU \RX FRXQW
([HUFLVHV
$ 7LFN >9@ WKH FRUUHFW DQVZHU
LV D VPDUW PDFKLQH
D &RPSXWHU E %LF\FOH F +XPDQ
0DFKLQHV PDNH RXU ZRUN
DV\ F GLIILFXOW
D ERULQJ E HDV\
P
RQ
:H FDQ SOD\ RQ D
D FRPSXWHU
PM
D PDFKLQHV E IORZHUV F JDPHV
% :ULWH ¶7· IRU 7UXH DQG ¶)· IRU )DOVH
)D
) VWDWHPHQWV
1DWXUH KDV FUHDWHG QDWXUDO WKLQJV
DWHG QDWX
0DQXDO PDFKLQHV UXQ
XQ RQ HOHFWULFLW\
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ GR PDQ\ WKLQJV
& )LOO LQ WKH ER[HV
$ FRPSXWHU LV D
0 & , (
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
0
$ FRPSXWHU QHYHU PDNHV 6 7
. (
&DU :DONLQJ
<RXU EURWKHU ZDQWV WR JR WR WKH VL[WK IORRU RI WKH PDOO
TXLFNO\ +H VKRXOG XVH
P
PM
6WDLUV (VFDODWRU
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
$FWLYLW\
:ULWH WKH OHWWHUV RI (QJOLVK DOSKDEHW RI WKH JLYHQ QXPEHU SRVLWLRQV
&RPSOHWH WKH ZRUG 2QH KDV EHHQ GRQH IRU \RX
UG WK WK WK VWWK WK WK
& ϭϭ
$FWLYLW\
/ ÃÊ ÃÊ Ì iÊ «VÌÕÀiÊ vÊ >Ê V«ÕÌiÀ°Ê ÕÀÊ ÌÊ ÕÃ}Ê VÀ>Þð
"SU *OUFHSBUJPO
^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ǁŝůů ůĞĂƌŶ ƚŽ
ĐŽůŽƌ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ůĞĂƌŶ
ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ
ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘
/DE$FWLYLW\
P
*&RPSULV LV D IUHH HGXFDWLRQDO
DO VRIWZDUH VXLWH
VX FRPSULVLQJ RI
PM
KLOGUHQ DJHG
PDQ\ IXQ DFWLYLWLHV IRU FKLOGUHQ WR \HDUV <RX
,QWHU
FDQ GRZQORDG *&RPSULV IURP WKH ,QWHUQHW E\ XVLQJ WKH OLQN
ZQORDGV
KWWSVJFRPSULVQHWGRZQORDGVHQKWPO
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH *&R
*&RPSULV > @
&OLFN RQ WKLV LFRQ > @ IURP WKH WRS RI *&RPSULV
&OLFN RQ %DE\ 3X]]OH > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
<RX FDQ SOD\ WKLV JDPH E\ PRYLQJ RU
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
+HOOR)ULHQGV:RXOG\RXOLNHWRNQRZ
PRUHDERXWFRPSXWHUV"/HWXVVWDUW
3DUWVRID&RPSXWHU
+HDG
P (\HV
2XU ERG\ KDV GLIIHUHQW SDUWV
PM
(YHU\ SSDUW LQ RXU ERG\ KDV VRPH
SD
VSHFLDO IXQFWLRQ WR SHUIRUP )RU
VSHFL
VSHFLD
H[DPSOH³H\HV DUH XVHG IRU VHHLQJ
H[D
+DQGV
KDQGV IRU ZULWLQJ DQG OHJV IRU
/HJV ZDONLQJ
)HHW
021,725
3ULQW 3DXVH
6FUROO
(VF ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6FUHHQ
/RFN %UHDN
6\V5T
1XP &DSV 6FUROO
/RFN /RFN /RFN
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
a
#
A
B
_
?
,QVHUW +RPH 3DJH
XS
1XP
/RFN
C
^ `
7DE 4 : ( 5 7 < 8 , 2 3 'HOHWH (QG 3DJH
> @ (QWHU GRZQ +RPH 3J8S
&DSV
/RFN $ 6 ' ) * + - . / ³
µ
&WUO $OW $OW &WUO ,QV 'HO
,DPWKH&38ZKLFKVWDQGV
IRU&HQWUDO3URFHVVLQJ8QLW
,DPWKHEUDLQRIDFRPSXWHU
,FRQWURODOOWKHSDUWV
XWHU
RIWKHFRPSXWHU
0286(
P
PM
:KRDUH
\RX"<RXORRN
OLNHDFUHHS\
PRXVH
2RSV'RQRWFRPSDUH
PHZLWKWKHPRXVH
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
WKDWVSRLOV\RXUIRRG
DQGRWKHUWKLQJV
,DPWKHFRPSXWHUPRXVH,KDYHWZR
EXWWRQVDQGDVFUROOZKHHO,KHOS\RXWR
GUDZSDLQWDQGSOD\JDPHVRQDFRPSXWHU ϭϱ
+HOOR .LGV 1RZ , DP JRLQJ WR WHOO
\RX DERXW WKH XVHV RI D FRPSXWHU
'UDZLQJDQG&RORULQJ
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ KHOS
\RX GUDZ DQG SDLQW
P
PM
<RX FDQ GUDZ DQG SDLQW
W DQ\WKLQJ YHU
YHU\ HDVLO\ MXVW E\ XVLQJ WKH
PRXVH
3OD\LQJ*DPHV
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ SOD\
JDPHV ZLWK \RX
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϭϲ
<RX FDQ SOD\ ORWV RI JDPHV RQ D FRPSXWHU *DPHV VXFK DV
ER[LQJ FULFNHW WHQQLV DQG PDQ\ RWKHUV FDQ EH SOD\HG RQ LW
:DWFKLQJ0RYLHVDQG&DUWRRQV
$FRPSXWHUFDQVKRZ\RX
PRYLHVDQGFDUWRRQV
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
ϭϳ
<RX FDQ OLVWHQ WR VRQJV DQG UK\PHV ZLWK WKH KHOS RI VSHDNHUV
DWWDFKHG WR WKH FRPSXWHU
7\SLQJ
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ W\SH ZRUGV
VHQWHQFHV DQG QXPEHUV
<RX FDQ VHDUFK LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ DQ\ WRSLF RQ WKH FRPSXWHU E\
ϭϴ
XVLQJ WKH ,QWHUQHW
&KDWWLQJ
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ KHOS
\RX LQ FKDWWLQJ
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
LQ J
6WRU
<RX FDQ VWRUH \RXU ZRUN LQ D FRPSXWHU IRU IXWXUH XVH ,W LV
DOVR FDOOHG VDYLQJ 2QFH \RX VDYH \RXU ZRUN SURSHUO\ LW QHYHU ϭϵ
JHWV ORVW <RX FDQ UHYLHZ \RXU ZRUN DQ\WLPH ODWHU
,QD1XWVKHOO
$ FRPSXWHU KDV IRXU PDLQ SDUWV WKDW KHOS LW WR ZRUN
0RQLWRU GLVSOD\V HYHU\WKLQJ ZH GR RQ D FRPSXWHU
.H\ERDUG LV XVHG WR W\SH ZRUGV DQG QXPEHUV RQ D FRPSXWHU
&38 FRQWUROV DOO WKH SDUWV RI WKH FRPSXWHU
:H FDQ GUDZ DQG SDLQW TXLFNO\ DQG HDVLO\ RQ D FRPSXWHU
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ HQWHUWDLQ XV E\ VKRZLQJ PRYLHV DQG FDUWRRQV
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ VWRUH RXU ZRUN IRU IXWXUH XVH
([HUFLVHV
$ 7LFN >9@ WKH FRUUHFW DQVZHU
7KH PRQLWRU ORRNV OLNH
P
NH D
VFUHHQ
PM
D &38 E PRELOH
PRELOH F WHOHYLVLRQ
.H\ERDUG LV XVHG
VHG WR W\SH DQG QXPEHUV
D ZRUGV E VRQJV F YLGHRV
$ FRPSXWHU PRXVH KDV EXWWRQV
D WZR E WKUHH F IRXU
<RX FDQ OLVWHQ WR VRQJV ZLWK WKH KHOS RI
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
°ÊÊ 7ÀÌiÊ ¼/½Ê vÀÊ /ÀÕiÊ >`Ê ¼½Ê vÀÊ >ÃiÊ ÃÌ>ÌiiÌð
$ FRPSXWHU KDV WKUHH PDLQ SDUWV
7KH &38 KDV PDQ\ EXWWRQV FDOOHG NH\V
<RX FDQ SOD\ JDPHV RQ D FRPSXWHU
ϮϬ $ FRPSXWHU FDQ KHOS \RX LQ FKDWWLQJ
$ FRPSXWHU FDQ VWRUH \RXU ZRUN IRU IXWXUH XVH
& :KR DP ,"
, KDYH PDQ\ EXWWRQV ZKLFK DUH XVHG WR W\SH QXPEHUV DQG
ZRUGV
< $ '
, KHOS \RX WR GUDZ OLQHV SDLQW VKDSHV DQG SOD\ JDPHV
2 (
<RXFDQZDWFK
0 9 6 DQGFDUWRRQVRQDFRPSXWHU
P * 0 6 R
<RX FDQ SOD\ PDQ\ RQ D FRPSXWHU
7 3 \RXU
<RX FDQ RXU QDPH DQ
DQG FODVV RQ D FRPSXWHU
PM
6 $
&
<RX FDQ LLQIRUPDWLRQ RQ D FRPSXWHU
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
Ϯϭ
$FWLYLW\ 6HFWLRQ
$FWLYLW\
`Ê Ì iÊ ÃÃ}Ê «>ÀÌÊ vÊ i>V Ê vÊ Ì iÊ vÜ}Ê V«ÕÌiÀÃÊ >`Ê ÜÀÌiÊ
ÌÃÊ >iÊ Ê Ì iÊ Ã«>ViÊ }ÛiÊ LiܰÊ
/DE$FWLYLW\
P
PM
4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH
WH *&RPSULV >
> @ dŚŝƐ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƐ
&OLFN RQ WKLV LFRQ > @ IURP WK
WKH WRS ƚŚĞ ĐŽŐŶŝƚŝǀĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŽĨ
ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
RI *&RPSULV
&OLFN RQ )LQG \RXU OHIW DQG ULJKW KDQG > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
<RX FDQ SOD\ WKLV JDPH E\
FOLFNLQJ RQ /HIW KDQG RU
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
.H\ERDUG
<RX XVH SHQFLO WR ZULWH LQ \RXU QRWHERRN ,Q WKH VDPH ZD\ D
NH\ERDUG LV XVHG WR ZULWH RQ D FRPSXWHU
:ULWLQJ RQ D FRPSXWHU XVLQJ WKH NH\ERDUG LV FDOOHG W\SLQJ /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
3ULQW 3DXVH
6FUROO
(VF ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6FUHHQ
/RFN %UHDN
6\V5T
1XP &DSV 6FUROO
/RFN /RFN /RFN
a
#
A
B
_
?
,QVHUW +RPH 3DJH
XS
1XP
/RFN
C
^ `
7DE 4 : ( 5 7 < 8 , 2 3 'HOHWH (QG 3DJH
> @ (QWHU GRZQ +RPH 3J8S
&DSV
/RFN $ 6 ' ) * + - . / ³
µ
(QWHU Ϯϯ
&WUO $OW $OW &WUO ,QV 'HO
<ĞLJďŽĂƌĚ
)($785(62).(<%2$5'
.H\ERDUG LV RQH RI WKH PDLQ SDUWVRIWKH FRPSXWHUZKLFK LV
XVHG WR W\SH RQ LW
7KH NH\V RQ WKH NH\ERDUG DUH PDLQO\ GLYLGHG LQWR ILYH
JURXSV
1XPEHUNH\V )XQFWLRQNH\V
RQN
RQNH\ %DFNVSDFHNH\ 1XPEHUNH\V
3ULQW 3DXVH
6FUROO
(VF ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6FUHHQ
/RFN %UHDN
6\V5T
1XP &DSV 6FUROO
/RFN /RFN /RFN
a
#
A
B
_
?
,QVHUW +RPH 3DJH
XS
1XP
/RFN
C
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
^ `
7DE 4 : ( 5 7 < 8 , 2 3 'HOHWH (QG 3DJH
> @ (QWHU GRZQ +RPH 3J8S
&DSV
/RFN $ 6 ' ) * + - . / ³
µ
&WUO $OW $OW &WUO ,QV 'HO
$UURZNH\V
&DSV/RFN 6SDFHEDU $OSKDEHW
NH\ NH\ NH\V (QWHUNH\V
Ϯϰ
<ĞLJƐŽŶĂ<ĞLJďŽĂƌĚ
1RZ \RX ZLOO OHDUQ DERXW WKHVH NH\V DQG WKHLU IXQFWLRQV
LQ GHWDLO
$OSKDEHW.H\V
7KHUH DUH $OSKDEHW NH\V ZLWK WKH OHWWHUV $ WR = PDUNHG
RQ WKH NH\ERDUG 7KHVH NH\V KHOS \RX W\SH ZRUGV DQG
VHQWHQFHV
7KH NH\ERDUG GRHV QRW KDYH NH\V LQ DQ DOSKDEHWLFDO RUGHU OLNH
$ % & DQG VR RQ
4 : ( 5 7 < 8 , 2 3
$ 6 ' ) * + - . /
= ; & 9 % 1 0
P $OSKDEHW
NH\V
PM
1XPEHU.H\V
7KH NH\V PDUNHG ZLWK GLJ
GLJLWV DQG DUH WKH
GLJLWV
1XPEHU NH\V 7KH\ DUH WHQ
WH LQ QXPEHU 7KH\ DUH XVHG WR W\SH
WHQ
QXPEHUV DQG GLJLWV
#
A
EƵŵďĞƌ<ĞLJƐ
NH\SDG EƵŵĞƌŝĐ<ĞLJƉĂĚ
6SHFLDO.H\V (QWHUNH\V
(17(5.(<
(QWHU NH\ LV XVHG WR PRYH WKH (QWHU
FXUVRU WR WKH QH[W OLQH ZKLOH W\SLQJ
(QWHU NH\ LV DOVR FDOOHG 5HWXUQ NH\
7KHUH DUH WZR (QWHU NH\V RQ WKH (QWHU
NH\ERDUG
$ FXUVRU LV D
P QNLQJ OLQH
VPDOO EOLQNLQJ OLQH
PM
KH PRQLWRU
RQ WKH
63$&(%$5.(<
6SDFHEDU LV WKH ORQJHVW NH\ RQ WKH NH\ERDUG ,W LV XVHG IRU
JLYLQJ D EODQN VSDFH WR WKH ULJKW RI D FKDUDFWHU 6SDFHEDU
NH\
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
VSDFH
)LUVW W\SH , WKHQ SUHVV WKH 6SDFHEDU NH\ 7\SH ORYH DQG
SUHVV WKH 6SDFHEDU DJDLQ 7KHQ W\SH P\ SUHVV WKH
6SDFHEDU DJDLQ DQG WKHQ W\SH FRXQWU\ ,Q WKLV ZD\ \RX
KDYH W\SHG D FRPSOHWH VHQWHQFH FRUUHFWO\ ZLWK SURSHU
VSDFH
&$36/2&..(< &DSV/RFN
&DSV /RFN LV DQ 2Q2II NH\ ,I WKH NH\
&DSV /RFN NH\ LV 2Q FDSLWDO OHWWHUV
$ % & DUH W\SHG ,I WKH &DSV /RFN &DSV
NH\ LV 2II VPDOO OHWWHUV D E F DUH
DUH /RFN
W\SHG
%$&.63$&(.(<
P
PM
%DFNVSDFH NH\ LV XVHG HUDVH WKH
HG WR HUDV
HUDVH %DFNVSDFHNH\
OHWWHUV RU QXPEHUV WR WKH OHIW
OHIW RI WKH
FXUVRU
7KLV LV WKH ODVW NH\ LQ WKH URZ RI
1XPEHU NH\V PDUNHG ZLWK EDFNZDUG
DUURZ
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
'(/(7(.(<
'HOHWHNH\
'HOHWH NH\ LV DOVR XVHG WR HUDVH WKH
OHWWHUV RU QXPEHUV EXW WR WKH ULJKW VLGH
RI WKH FXUVRU 'HOHWH
<RX FDQ DOVR HUDVH WKH VHOHFWHG WH[W RU
Ϯϳ
JUDSKLFV XVLQJ WKLV NH\
)XQFWLRQ.H\V
7KHUH DUH WZHOYH )XQFWLRQ NH\V PDUNHG ZLWK ) WR )
7KHVH NH\V DUH XVHG WR SHUIRUP GLIIHUHQW IXQFWLRQV
)XQFWLRQ NH\V DUH ORFDWHG RQ WKH WRSPRVW URZ RI WKH
NH\ERDUG
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
)XQFWLRQNH\V
$UURZ.H\V
7KHUH DUH IRXU $UURZ NH\V
FXUVRU XS GRZQ OHIW DQG
P
\VV ZKLFK
ZKLFK DUH
G ULJKW RQ WK
DUH XVHG WR PRYH WKH
WKH PRQLWRU
PM
,W LV XVHG WR PRYH FXUVRU XS
RYH WKH FXUVR
,W LV XVHG WR PRYH FXUVRU GRZQ
YH WWKH F
,W LV XVHG WR PRYH WKH FXUVRU RQH FKDUDFWHU ULJKW
,W LV XVHG WR PRYH WKH FXUVRU RQH FKDUDFWHU OHIW
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
$UURZNH\V
8SGDWH<RXU.QRZOHGJH
dŚĞ YtZdz ŬĞLJďŽĂƌĚ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŽƉ ƌŽǁ͛Ɛ
Ϯϴ
ĂůƉŚĂďĞƚ ŬĞLJƐ ĂƐ Y͕ t͕ ͕ Z͕ d͕ z͘ zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ƐĞĞ
YtZdz ŬĞLJƉĂĚ ůĂLJŽƵƚ ŽŶ Ă ƐŵĂƌƚƉŚŽŶĞ͘
.LGV $IWHU OHDUQLQJ DERXW
NH\ERDUG OHW XV OHDUQ DERXW WKH
0RXVH ZKLFK LV DQRWKHU
LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI D FRPSXWHU
0RXVH
$ PRXVH LV D SRLQWLQJ GHYLFH ZKLFK LV XVHG
WR SRLQW VHOHFW RU PRYH LWHPV RQ D PRQLWRU
$ PRXVH LV DOVR XVHG WR GUDZDQG SDLQW DŽƵƐĞ
+2/',1*$0286(
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
.HHS \RXU SDOP JHQWO\ RQ WKH PRXVH
0
LG
GO
.HHS \RXU LQGH[ ILQJHU RQ WKH OHIW EXWWRQ ,QG
H
H[
6LQJOH&OLFN
3UHVVLQJ WKH OHIW PRXVH EXWWRQ RQFH LV FDOOHG &OLFN
VLQJOHFOLFN ,W LV XVHG WR VHOHFW DQ LWHP
&OLF
N
'RXEOH&OLFN
&OLFN 3UHVVLQJ WKH OHIW PRXVH EXWWRQ WZR WLPHV
WZLFH TXLFNO\ LV FDOOHG GRXEOHFOLFN ,W LV XVHG
IROGHU
WR RSHQ D ILOH RU IROGHU
5LJKW&OLFN &O
LF
N
'UDJJLQJ
QJ
&OLFNLQJ DQG KROGLQJ WKH OHIW EXWWRQ ZKLOH
'UDJJLQJ PRYLQJ WKH PRXVH LV FDOOHG GUDJJLQJ
<RX FDQ GUDJ WKH PRXVH WR PRYH WKH REMHFW
IURP RQH SODFH WR DQRWKHU RQ WKH PRQLWRU
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
6&52//:+((/
6FUROO ZKHHO LV ORFDWHG EHWZHHQ WKH OHIW DQG
ϯϬ ULJKW PRXVH EXWWRQV ,W LV XVHG IRU VFUROOLQJ XS
DQG GRZQ RQ WKH PRQLWRU
^ĐƌŽůůtŚĞĞů
,QD1XWVKHOO
([HUFLVHV
P
PM
%DFNVSDFH NH\ LV XVHG WR HUDVH WKH OHWWHUV WR WKH
RI WKH FXUVRU
D PLGGOH E ULJKW F OHIW
$ 3 $ 7
P H FDSLWDO OHWWHUV
:KHQ , DP 21 , W\SH OH
OHWWHUV
& 3 &
PM
, FDQ PRYH WKH
H FXUVRU WR WKH
WKH QH[W OLQH
( 7 5
Ê Ê 7KH FRPSXWHU WHDFKHU DVNHG 5DJKX WR LGHQWLI\ DQG QDPH WKH
ORQJHVW NH\ RQ WKH NH\ERDUG +H FRXOG HDVLO\ LGHQWLI\ LW EXW ZDV
XQDEOH WR WHOO WKH QDPH +HOS 5DJKX WR QDPH LW
ϯϮ
$FWLYLW\ 6HFWLRQ
$FWLYLW\
/VÊ Q9RÊ Ì iÊ VÀÀiVÌÊ iÞ°Ê "iÊ >ÃÊ LiiÊ `iÊ vÀÊ ÞÕ°
&0387(5 9
2 4 9 %
± 5 1
028( 4 $ 2 6
.(<2$5' 9 % ±
021,75 6 1 2 $
, ' / ' 0 ( * , ( 1 ) 5
0 ' / ) 1 (
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
( 6 2 8 0 , 5 3 7 1 2 (
0 8 ( 3 1 7
$ 1 ' * 5 , * *
' $ * , *
/DE$FWLYLW\
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH *&RPSULV > @
&OLFN RQ WKLV LFRQ > @
&OLFN RQ 6LPSOH /HWWHUV > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
7R SOD\ WKLV JDPH W\SH WKH
IDOOLQJ OHWWHUV IURP WKH VN\
EHIRUH WKH\ UHDFK WKH JURXQG
< R X U O H Y H O L Q W K H J D P H
LQFUHDVHV ZKHQ \RX W\SH DOO
WKH OHWWHUV FRUUHFWO\
/DE$FWLYLW\
P 4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
dŚĞƐĞ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ ĂŝĚ ŝŶ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĐŽŐŶŝƚŝǀĞ
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH *&RPSULV
&RPSULV >
> @
PM
ĂŶĚ ĨŝŶĞ ŵŽƚŽƌ ƐŬŝůůƐ
&OLFN RQ WKLV LFRQ > @ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
DZ >
&OLFN RQ &OLFN DQG GUDZ > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
'UDZ WKH SLFWXUH E\ FOLFNLQJ
RQ HDFK EOXH SRLQW ZKLFK
DSSHDUV LQ D VHTXHQFH :KHQ
\RX FOLFN RQ WKH EOXH SRLQW D
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
7KH QH[W SLFWXUH DSSHDUV RQO\ ZKHQ \RX FOLFN DOO WKH EOXH SRLQWV
*URXS'LVFXVVLRQ
ϯϰ
Û`iÊ Ì iÊ ÃÌÕ`iÌÃÊ ÌÊ ÌÜÊ }ÀÕ«ÃÊ >`Ê `ÃVÕÃÃÊ Ì iÊ Ì«VÊ qÊ ¼ «ÕÌiÀÊ
ÕÃiÊÛÃÊ,i>ÊÕÃi½°
Gr©ÆƑ ŽƑ &©Æ¼¯Ë~Ư©Ƒ
Ş
2%-(&7,9(6
ƼƑ~¯¨¹£Æ©ƑÆÀƑ~r¹Æ¼ŪƑÛ¯ËƑÕ££Ƒ}Ƒr}£ƑƯũƑ
y ^ƚĂƌƚ WĂŝŶƚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘
y hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƚŽŽůƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ dŽŽůƐ ŐƌŽƵƉ͘
y ƌĂǁ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ƐŚĂƉĞƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ^ŚĂƉĞƐ ŐƌŽƵƉ͘
y ^ĂǀĞ LJŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘
3DLQW P
3DLQW RU 063DLQW LV D FRORUIXO
ORUIXO GUDZL
GUDZLQJ
GUDZLQJ
PM
SURJUDP GHYHORSHG E\ 0LFURVRIW , ,W LV
,W
XVHG WR GUDZ FRORU DQG HGLW SL SLFWXUHV
DQG VKDSHV
67$57,1*3$,17352*5$0
*5
7R VWDUW 3DLQW IROORZ WKH VWHSV JLYHQ EHORZ
5LEERQ
3DLQW
'UDZLQJ
$UHD
7DEV +RPH DQG 9LHZ DUH WZR P PDLQ WDEV ZKLFK FRQWDLQ
GLIIHUHQW FRPPDQGV :KHQ \RX
X FOLFN RQ
R DQ\ WDE D ULEERQ
DSSHDUV
5LEERQ ,W FRQWDLQV GLIIHUHQW
P
JURXSV (DFK JURXS FRQWDLQV
HUHQW JURXS
HUHQW
PM
GLIIHUHQW WRROV 7KHVH WRROV DUH UH
UHTXLUHG WR PDNH D GUDZLQJ
)LOOZLWK&RORU 6KD
6KDSH2XWOLQH
KHV
%UXVKHV 'LIIHUHQW
' )RUHJURXQG&RORU &RORU3DOHWWH
6HOHFWLRQ 3HQFLO 7H[W 6KDSH)LOO
6KDSHV
6K (GLW&RORUV
6L]H %DFNJURXQG&RORU
(UDVHU 0DJQLILHU
&RORU3LFNHU
ZŝďďŽŶŽĨ,ŽŵĞƚĂď
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
'UDZLQJ $UHD ,W LV WKH EODQN DUHD ZKHUH \RX GUDZ DQG
SDLQW
&2/256 *5283
&RORUV JURXS LV LQ WKH ULJKW VLGH RI WKH 5LEERQ ,W LV XVHG WR
VHOHFW WKH FRORU \RX ZDQW WR ILOO LQ \RXU GUDZLQJ
ϯϲ &RORUV
*URXS
7RROVLQWKH7RROV*URXS
3(1&,/722/
3HQFLO WRRO LV MXVW OLNH D UHDO SHQFLO WKDW \RX XVH IRU PDNLQJ
GUDZLQJV <RX FDQ GUDZ VWUDLJKW ZDY\ RU FXUYHG OLQH ZLWK LW
ϭ
Ϯ ϯ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ 3HQFLO WRRO
&OLFN RQ 6L]HER[
ϰ
6HOHFW WKH ZLGWK RI
OLQH
(5$6(5722/
(UDVHU WRRO LV MXVW OLNH
H D UHDO
UHDO HUDVHU ZKLFK \RX XVH WR HUDVH
\RXU GUDZLQJV
ϭ
Ϯ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
ϯ &OLFN RQ (UDVHU WRRO
&OLFN RQ 6L]H ER[ /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
ϰ
6HOHFW WKH ZLGWK RI
WKH HUDVHU
6KDSHV*URXS
<RX FDQ XVH WKH 6KDSHV JURXSXS LQ 3DLQW
P 3DL WR GUDZ GLIIHUHQW
W\SHV RI VKDSHV VXFK DV UHFWDQJOH
QJOH RYDO
FWDQJOH RYD WULDQJOH DUURZV DQG
PDQ\ PRUH
PM
/,1(722/
%\ XVLQJ /LQH WRRO \RX FDQ GUDZ VWUDLJKW DQG VODQW OLQHV RI
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
YDU\LQJ WKLFNQHVV
ϭ Ϯ ϯ
&OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ /LQH WRRO
&OLFN RQ WKH 6L]H ER[
ϰ
6HOHFW WKH ZLGWK RI OLQH
ϯϴ
ϱ 'UDJ WKH PRXVH WR GUDZ
WKH OLQH LQ DQ\ GLUHFWLRQ
5(&7$1*/(722/
<RX FDQ GUDZ UHFWDQJOH DQG VTXDUH ZLWK 5HFWDQJOH WRRO
Ϯ ϯ
ϭ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ 5HFWDQJOH WRRO
&OLFN RQ WKH 6L]H ER[
ϰ 6HOHFW WKH ERUGHU ZLGWK
ϱ
RI UHFWDQJOH
'UDJ WKH PRXVH WR PDNH
UHFWDQJOH
<RX FDQ DOVR GUDZ D URXQGHG UHFWDQJOH WULDQJOH DQG RWKHU
VKDSHV E\ XVLQJ WKLV PHWKRG
29$/722/
2YDO WRRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ FLUFOH DQG RYDO
P RYD VKDSHV
V
Ϯ ϯ
ϭ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ 2YDO WRRO
PM
&OLFN RQ WKH 6L]H ER[
ϰ
6HOHFW WKH ERUGHU
ϱ ZLGWK RI FLUFOH
'UDJ WKH PRXVH WR
PDNH RYDO RU FLUFOH
),//:,7+&2/25722/
<RX FDQ ILOO FRORU LQ \RXU GUDZLQJ XVLQJ )LOO ZLWK FRORU WRRO /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
Ϯ ϯ
ϭ ϰ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ )LOO ZLWK FRORU
WRRO
&OLFN RQ &RORU ER[
&OLFN RQ DQ\ FRORU IURP
ϱ
WKH &RORU 3DOHWWH ϯϵ
&OLFN LQVLGH WKH DUHD
ZKHUH \RX ZDQW WR FRORU
32/<*21 722/
3RO\JRQWRROLVXVHGWRPDNHDVKDSHZLWKDQ\QXPEHURIVLGHV
ϭ
Ϯ ϯ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
&OLFN RQ 3RO\JRQ WRRO
&OLFN RQ WKH 6L]H ER[
ϱ ϰ 6HOHFW WKH ZLGWK RI OLQH
ϲ 3UHVV WKH OHIW EXWWRQDQG
GUDJ WKH PRXVH
5HOHDVH WKH PRXVHEXWWRQ WR
PDNH D OLQH
1RZ FOLFN DQ\ZKHUH LQWKH
ϵ GUDZLQJ DUHD
G
$OLQHDSSHDUVDWWDFKHGW R\RXU
$OLQHDS
$OLQH
SUHYLRXVOLQH
SUHYLR
SUHYLRXVO
ϳ
P 5HSHDW
5H
5HS VWHS XQWLO \RXPDNH
PM
WKH ILQDO VKDSH
1RZ FOLFN RQ WKH VWDUWLQJ
SRLQW RI WKH VKDSH
&859( 722/
<RX FDQ GUDZ FXUYHG OLQHV ZLWK &XUYH WRRO
Ϯ ϯ
ϭ &OLFN RQ +RPH WDE
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
P
6DYLQJ<RXU:RUN
N
PM
&RORU ER[
6HOHFW UHG FRORU IURP WKH &RORU 3DOHWWH
&OLFN RQ WKH RSSRVLWH ER[HV WR ILOO ZLWK UHG
FRORU DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ )
)LJ )
6LPLODUO\ ILOO \HOORZ FRORU LQ WKH RWKHU
ER[HV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ *
<RXU FRORUIXO NLWH LV UHDG\
ϰϮ
DQG \RXU SURMHFW LV FRPSOHWH
)LJ *
)LQLVK
,QD1XWVKHOO
3DLQW LV D GUDZLQJ SURJUDP XVHG WR GUDZ DQG HGLW REMHFWV
LEERQ FRQWDLQV GLIIHUHQW JURXSV ZKLFK FRQWDLQ GLIIHUHQW
5
FRPPDQGV UHTXLUHG WR PDNH D GUDZLQJ
RORUV JURXSV LV XVHG WR VHOHFW WKH FRORU WR ILOO LQ WKH
&
GUDZLQJ
3HQFLO WRRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ VWUDLJKW ZDY\ DQG FXUYHG OLQHV
6KDSHV JURXS LV XVHG WR GUDZ GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI VKDSHV
7H[W WRRO LV XVHG WR ZULWH LQ 3DLQW
([HUFLVHV
% :ULWH ¶7· IRU 7UXH DQG ¶)· IRU )DOVH VWDWHPHQWV
&RORUV JURXS LV DW WKH OHIW VLGH RI WKH ULEERQ
2YDO VKDSH LV XVHG WR GHOHWH D GUDZLQJ
ϰϯ
&XUYH VKDSH LV XVHG WR GUDZ VWUDLJKW OLQHV
<RX FDQ W\SH WH[W LQ 3DLQW SURJUDP
& )LOO LQ WKH ER[HV
P
PM
( $QVZHU WKH IROORZLQJ
J TXHVWLRQV
:KLFK WRRO LV XVHG WR PDNH D VKDSH ZLWK DQ\ QXPEHU RI VLGHV"
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
,Q 063DLQW <DVK PDGH D ILJXUH 1RZ KH ZDQWV WR DGG KLV QDPH
DQG FODVV LQ LW $V KH GRHV QRW NQRZ ZKLFK WRRO KH VKRXOG XVH WR
GR LW KH QHHGV \RXU KHOS +HOS KLP E\ WHOOLQJ WKH WRRO·V QDPH
ϰϰ
$FWLYLW\ 6HFWLRQ
"SU *OUFHSBUJPO
&OLFN RQ WKH 5HFWDQJOH WRRO DQG GUDJ LW LQ WKH
GUDZLQJ DUHD WR GUDZ D UHFWDQJOH VKDSH
1RZ FOLFN RQ /LQH WRRO DQG GUDZ WKUHH WLOWHG
OLQHV DV VKRZQ LQ WKH ILJXUH
4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
dŚŝƐ ŵƵůƚŝͲƐƚĞƉ ĚŝƌĞĐƚŝŽŶ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŐŶŝƚŝǀĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
% 'UDZ WKH IROORZLQJ ILJXUH XVLQJ GLIIHUHQW WRROV DQG VKDSHV LQ
3DLQW
4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
dŚŝƐ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƚŝǀŝƚLJ
ĂŶĚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ
ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ
ĂŝĚƐ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ
ϰϱ
3 0 3 ĨŝŶĞ ŵŽƚŽƌ ƐŬŝůůƐ͘
:RUNVKHHW,
&KDSWHUV
,Q 3DLQW \RX FDQ PDNH D FXUYH IURP &XUYH WRRO
& )LOO LQ WKH ER[HV
/DSWRS LV DQ
( ( 5 1 PDFKLQH
, 7 5 7
<RX FDQ VHDUFK DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ XVLQJ
7 3
<RX FDQ \RXU QDPH RQ WKH FRPSXWHU
ϰϲ 3 / *
1
WRRO LV XVHG WR PDNH D VKDSH ZLWK DQ\
QXPEHU RI VLGHV
7(50
+RZ&RPSXWHU:RUNV"
NV"
P
PM
,Q VFKRRO ZKHQ \RXU
XU WHDFKHU J JLYHV
FHUWDLQ LQVWUXFWLRQVV OLNH RSHQ
RSH \RXU
QRWHERRN GUDZ D OLQH HWF
HWF \RX IROORZ
WKHP
'$7$$1',1)250$7,21
'DWD LV D FROOHFWLRQ RI XQRUJDQL]HG ZRUGV QXPEHUV DQG
LPDJHV )RU H[DPSOH
C
FODVV
$
6HFWL XO
RQ
P 5DK
5ROO QR
PM
,QIRUPDWLRQ LV WKH PHDQLQJIXO RUJDQL]HG IRUP RI GDWD
DQLQJIXO DQG R
*LYHQ EHORZ LV WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ
IRUPDWLRQ EDVHG
ED
E RQ WKH GDWD JLYHQ DERYH
&DU
EĂŵ EƵŵďĞ
WŚ
ŽŶ
Ğ
Ğ ĚĚ ƌ
+$5'
'5,9
^
(
ĐŚ
ƌĞƐƐ
ŽŽů
,ƵŵĂŶDĞŵŽƌLJ
P ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌDĞŵŽƌLJ
ŽŵƉƵƚ
ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌD
PM
,QD1XWVKHOO
&RPSXWHUWDNHVLQVWUXFWLRQVIURPXVLQWKHIRUPRIGDWD
VLQVWUX
'DWDLVDFROOHFWLRQRIXQRUJDQL]HGZRUGVQXPEHUVDQGLPDJHV
QRI
,QIRUPDWLRQ LV WKH PHDQLQJIXO DQG RUJDQL]HG IRUP RI GDWD
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
([HUFLVHV
$ 7LFN >9@ WKH FRUUHFW DQVZHU
5 ) $ , 2 0 1 , 7 1 2
5 0 0 2 < (
P
$FWLYLW\ 6HFWLRQ
PM
/DE$FWLYLW\
4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH
WH *&
*&RPSULV > @ dŚŝƐ ŵĞŵŽƌLJ ŐĂŵĞ
&OLFN RQ > @ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ĐƌŝƚŝĐĂů
ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ
&OLFN RQ 0HDVXUHV > @ ĂŶĚ ĂƚƚĞŶƚŝŽŶ͘
&KRRVH WKH JDPH &DOHQGDU > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
5 H D G W K H L Q V W U X F W L R Q
VHOHFW WKH FRUUHFW GDWH
RQ FDOHQGHU DQG WKHQ
YDOLGDWH \RXU DQVZHU E\
FOLFNLQJ RQ WKH 2. EXWWRQ
ϱϬ
SËÚƑ Gr©ÆƑ ŽƑ &©Æ¼¯Ë~Ư©
Š
2%-(&7,9(6
ƼƑ~¯¨¹£Æ©ƑÆÀƑ~r¹Æ¼ŪƑÛ¯ËƑÕ££Ƒ}Ƒr}£ƑƯũƑ
y DĂŬĞ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƵƐŝŶŐ dƵdž WĂŝŶƚ͘
y <ŶŽǁ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ dƵdž WĂŝŶƚ͘
y hƐĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ĚƌĂǁ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůŽƌ ŝŶ dƵdž WĂŝŶƚ͘
y KƉĞŶ͕ ^ĂǀĞ ĂŶĚ YƵŝƚ dƵdž WĂŝŶƚ͘
7X[3DLQW
P
7X[ 3DLQW LV D IUHH GUDZLQJ DQ DQG
PM
FRORXULQJ SURJUDP ,W LV XVHG WR P
PDNH
FRORUIXO GUDZLQJV ZLWK WKH K KHOS RI
GLIIHUHQW WRROV SUHVHQW LQ LW
LW
67$57,1*78;3$,17352*5$0
7R VWDUW 7X[ 3DLQW IROORZ WKH VWHSV JLYHQ EHORZ
7KH 7X[ 3DLQW SURJUDP RSHQV <RX FDQ QRZ VWDUW ZRUNLQJ RQ LW
&20321(176 2) 78; 3$,17 :,1'2:
$IWHU RSHQLQJ 7X[ 3DLQW \RX JHW WKH IROORZLQJ ZLQGRZ
7RROEDU
6HOHFWRU
'UDZLQJ&DQYDV
&RORU3DOHWWH
7RROEDU P
7KH WRROEDU FRQWDLQV DOO WKH GUD
GUDZLQ
GUDZLQJ DQG HGLWLQJ WRROV
PM
'UDZLQJ&DQYDV
,W LV WKH ODUJHVW
VW SDUW RI WKH
WWK VFUHHQ ZKHUH \RX
GUDZ
6HOHFWRU
'HSHQGLQJ RQ WKH VHOHFWHG WRRO WKH VHOHFWRU VKRZV
GLIIHUHQW RSWLRQV WR FKRRVH IURP
&RORU3DOHWWH
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
&RORU 3DOHWWH KHOSV \RX VHOHFW DQG ILOO FRORUV LQ \RXU
GUDZLQJ
8SGDWH<RXU.QRZOHGJH
dƵdž WĂŝŶƚ ǁĂƐ ĨŝƌƐƚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ŝůů <ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬ 8SGDWH<RXU.QRZOHGJH
ϱϮ
ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ >ŝŶƵdž ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ EŽǁ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĐĂƌƚŽŽŶ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ dƵdž͕ ƚŚĞ >ŝŶƵdž ƉĞŶŐƵŝŶ͕
ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕ ƉƉůĞ ĂƉƉĞĂƌƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ďŽƚƚŽŵ ƚŽ ŐŝǀĞ ƚŝƉƐ͕ ŚŝŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
DĂĐ K^ y ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉůĂƚĨŽƌŵƐ͘ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ͘
8VLQJ7RROEDU
1(: 722/
1HZ WRRO LV XVHG WR VWDUW D QHZ GUDZLQJ 7R RSHQ D QHZ
GUDZLQJ IROORZ WKH JLYHQ VWHSV
&OLFN RQ 1HZ WRRO
IURP WKH WRROEDU
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
'RZQ
DUURZ
&
OLFN RQ 3DLQW
ϭ WRRO IURP WKH
WRROEDU
LIIHUHQW EUXVKHV
'
DSSHDU LQ WKH
VHOHFWRU
Ϯ &
OLFN RQ WKH %UXVK
SDWWHUQ RI \RXU
FKRLFH IURP WKH
VHOHFWRU
ϯ 'RZQ
RZ
P DUURZ
DUU
1
RZ GUDJ WKH
PRXVH WR PDNH WKH
GUDZLQJ
<RX ZLOO VHH WKH
SDWWHUQ GUDZQ
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϰ 5
HOHDVH WKH PRXVH
ZKHQ ILQLVKHG
H7M 5EKHI;B<
%\ XVLQJ WKH DERYH VWHSV \RX FDQ GUDZ GLIIHUHQW SDWWHUQV
ϱϰ
6+$3(6 722/
6KDSHV WRRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ GLIIHUHQW ILOOHG RU XQILOOHG
VKDSHVOLNHFLUFOHWULDQJOHVTXDUHHWF
&
OLFN RQ 6KDSHV
WRRO IURP WKH
ϭ
WRROEDU
Ϯ
LIIHUHQW VKDSHV
'
DSSHDU LQ WKH
VHOHFWRU
&
OLFN RQ DQ\ GHVLUHG
6KDSH IURP WKH
VHOHFWRU
P ϯ
2
Q WKH FDQYDV GUDJ
ϰ WKH PRXVH WR PDNH
WKH VKDSH
<RX ZLOO VHH WKH VKDSH
GUDZQ
5
HOHDVH WKH PRXVH
ϱ ZKHQ ILQLVKHG /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
H7M 5EKHI;B<
%\ XVLQJ WKH DERYH VWHSV \RX FDQ GUDZ GLIIHUHQW VKDSHV
ϱϱ
(5$6(5 722/
(UDVHU WRRO LV XVHG WR HUDVH DQ\ SDUW RI WKH GUDZLQJ
&
OLFN RQ (UDVHU
WRRO
LIIHUHQW VKDSHV
'
DQG VL]HV RI
ϯ HUDVHUV DSSHDU LQ
ϭ
WKH VHOHFWRU
Ϯ
&
OLFN RQ DQ\
GHVLUHG 6KDSH
IURP WKH VHOHFWRU
'
UDJ WKH PRXVH RQ WKDW SDUW RI
P I \RXU GUDZLQJ
GU
GUDZL ZKLFK \RX ZDQW WR
HUDVH
PM
/,1(6 722/
/LQHV WRRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ VWUDLJKW
VWUDL OLQHV
EUXVKHV
&
OLFN RQ WKH GHVLUHG
EUXVK
&
OLFN RQ DQ\ FRORU IURP
ϯ WKH &RORU 3DOHWWH
ϱϲ
3UHVV WKH OHIW PRXVH EXWWRQ DQG GUDJ LW WR PDNH D OLQH
67$03 722/
6WDPS WRRO LV OLNH D UXEEHU VWDPS RU D VWLFNHU ,W LV XVHG WR
SDVWH D SUHGUDZQ SLFWXUH VXFK DV WKH SLFWXUH RI D FDW D
IORZHU RU D ELUG RQ \RXU GUDZLQJ FDQYDV
1RWH <RX QHHG WR LQVWDOO VWDPSV IURP WKH RIILFLDO ZHEVLWH RI 7X[ 3DLQW
ZZZWX[SDLQWRUJ EHIRUH ZRUNLQJ ZLWK VWDPS WRRO
8SGDWH<RXU.QRZOHGJH
ϱϳ
zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ƉůĂĐĞ ŵƵůƚŝƉůĞ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ
ƐƚĂŵƉ Žƌ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŵƉƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŶǀĂƐ͘
0$*,& 722/
0DJLF WRRO LV XVHG WR DGG VSHFLDO HIIHFWV WR WKH GUDZLQJ
&OLFN RQ 0DJLF WRRO
$ OLVW RI 0DJLF WRROV
ϭ DSSHDUV LQ WKH VHOHFWRU
&OLFN RQ D 0DJLF WRRO
ϰ Ϯ IURP WKH VHOHFWRU
&OLFN RQ DQ\ GHVLUHG
ϯ
FRORU IURP WKH &RORU
3DOHWWH
ϱ
&OLFN RQ DUURZV > @ WR
ILQG )LOO EXWWRQ
&OLFN RQ )LOO EXWWRQ
Ϯ
&OLFN RQ DQ\ FRORU IURP
ϰ &RORU 3DOHWWH
ϱϴ
7DNH WKH PRXVH SRLQWHU LQVLGH WKH VKDSH DQG FOLFN RQ LW
7KH FRORU ZLOO EH ILOOHG
4XLW7RRO
$IWHU ILQLVKLQJ \RXU ZRUN \RX PXVW TXLW WKH SURJUDP
P
,I \RX FOLFN RQ ¶<HV ,·P GRQH· EXWWRQ
XWWRQ DQG
DQG \RX KDYH QRW VDYHG WKH
FXUUHQW LPDJH RQH PRUH ER[ DSSHDUV ZKLFK D DVNV \RX ZKHWKHU \RX ZDQW
PM
WR VDYH WKH LPDJH RU QRW
&OLFN
&OLF RQ
RQ ¶<HV VDYH LW· EXWWRQ
,I LW
W LV
LV D QHZ LPDJH WKHQ 7X[ 3DLQW VDYHV WKH
ϯ
LPDJH DQG TXLWV
,I LW LV QRW D QHZ LPDJH RU DOUHDG\ D VDYHG LPDJH D QHZ ER[ DSSHDUV
ZKLFK DVNV \RX ZKHWKHU \RX ZDQW WR UHSODFH WKH ROG RQH RU FUHDWH D /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
QHZ ILOH
ϱϵ
,QD1XWVKHOO
7X[ 3DLQW LV XVHG WR PDNH FRORUIXO GUDZLQJV ZLWK WKH KHOS
RI GLIIHUHQW WRROV
7KH 1HZ WRRO LV XVHG WR VWDUW D QHZ GUDZLQJ
7RROEDU FRQWDLQV 3DLQW WRRO 6KDSHV WRRO (UDVHU WRRO /LQHV
WRRO 6WDPS WRRO DQG 0DJLF WRRO
)LOO EXWWRQ LV XVHG WR ILOO FRORU LQ DQ\ FORVHG VKDSH
$IWHU ILQLVKLQJ RXU ZRUN ZH PXVW TXLW WKH SURJUDP
([HUFLVHV
°ÊÊ /VÊ Q9RÊ Ì iÊ VÀÀiVÌÊ >ÃÜiÀ° P
LV D IUHH GUDZLQJ
UDZLQJ DQG
DQ FRORULQJ
FR SURJUDP
D 7X[ 3DLQW E 06:RUG F :RUG3DG
PM
WRRO
RRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ GLIIHUHQW ILOOHG RU
RRO
XQILOOHG VKDSHV V
D 3DLQW E 6KDSHV
E F 0DJLF
WRRO LV XVHG WR SDVWH SUHGUDZQ LPDJHV RQ
FDQYDV
D /LQHV E 1HZ F 6WDPS
)LOO EXWWRQ LV SUHVHQW LQ WKH WRRO
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
°ÊÊ 7ÀÌiÊ ¼/½Ê vÀÊ /ÀÕiÊ >`Ê ¼½Ê vÀÊ >ÃiÊ ÃÌ>ÌiiÌð
7RROEDU FRQWDLQV DOO WKH GUDZLQJ DQG HGLWLQJ WRROV
3DLQW WRRO LV XVHG WR GUDZ VKDSHV
3$,17 722/
6+$3(6 722/
),// %87721
67$03 722/
0$*,& 722/
/,1(6 722/
,
' $ * FDQYDV LV WKH ODUJHVW SDUW RI WKH
VFUHHQ ZKHUH \RX GUDZ
6 / & 2
VKRZV GLIIHUHQW RSWLRQV
7KH
G WRRO
GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH VHOHFWHG
P
0 * & WRRO LV XVHG WR
WR DGG VSHFLDO HIIHFWV
PM
) /
EXWWRQ LV XVHG
XVHG WR ILOO FRORU LQ DQ\ FORVHG
VKDSH
:KDW LV WKH XVH RI 6KDSHV WRRO"
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
P
PM
/DE$FWLYLW\
À>ÜÊ Ì iÊ Ã>iÊ «VÌÕÀiÊ Ê
Ê /ÕÝÊ *>Ì]Ê ÕÃ}Ê `vviÀiÌÊ Ìð
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϲϮ 4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
dŚŝƐ ůĂď ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƚŝǀŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
&20387$7,21$/7+,1.,1*
GrÆÆ¼©ÀƑ r©Ƒ GËàà£À
š
2%-(&7,9(6
ƼƑ~¯¨¹£Æ©ƑÆÀƑ~r¹Æ¼ŪƑÛ¯ËƑÕ££Ƒ}Ƒr}£ƑƯũƑ
y hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨLJ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚƚĞƌŶƐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƵƐ͘
y ƌĞĂŬ ĚŽǁŶ Ă ƚĂƐŬ ŝŶƚŽ ƐŵĂůůĞƌ ƉĂƌƚƐ͘
y ƌƌĂŶŐĞ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ Žƌ ĚĂƚĂ ŝŶ Ă ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌ ŽƌĚĞƌ͘
3DWWHUQ
P
PM
3DWWHUQV DUH FUHDWHG ZKHQ ILJXUH
ILJXUHV
ILJXUHV RU VKDSHV DUH DUUDQJHG LQ
D GHVLJQ 7KH\ DUH UHSHDWHG
SHDWHG RYHU
RYHU DQG RYHU DJDLQ
7KHUH DUH GLIIHUHQW W\SHV
V RI
R SDWWHUQV +HUH DUH VRPH H[DPSOHV
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
WĂƚƚĞƌŶ
+HUH \RX FDQ VHH D UHG WULDQJOH IROORZHG E\ D \HOORZ VTXDUH
LQ UHSHDW RUGHU ,W OHDGV WR WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI SDWWHUQ
$FWLYLW\
RU
RU
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
RU
ϲϰ RU
,'(17,)< 7+( 6+$3( 3$77(51
:KDW FRPHV QH[W"
,GHQWLI\ DQG FRORU WKH VKDSH WKDW FRPHV QH[W
2QH KDV EHHQ GRQH IRU \RX
RU
P RU
PM
RU
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
RU
ϲϱ
,'(17,)< 7+( 6,=( 3$77(51
:KDW FRPHV QH[W"
'UDZ DQG FRORU WKH VKDSH DQG VL]H WKDW
FRPHV QH[W 2QH KDV EHHQ GRQH IRU \RX
P
PM
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϲϲ
'HFRPSRVLWLRQ
'HFRPSRVLWLRQ PHDQV EUHDNLQJ XS RI D SUREOHP LQWR VPDOOHU
SDUWV 'HFRPSRVLWLRQ RI D SUREOHP PDNHV LW HDV\ WR VROYH
352%/(0
3 52 %/ (0
&KLOGUHQ <RX PXVW KDYH VHHQ D SLFWXUH PDGH
XS RI GLIIHUHQW VKDSHV VXFK DV WULDQJOHV
VTXDUHV DQG FLUFOHV /HW XV XQGHUVWDQG KRZ
WR GUDZ WKH IROORZLQJ XVLQJ GLIIHUHQW
IHUHQW VKDSHV
P
+HUH ZH KDYH D SLFWXUH KRXVH
VH VXQ DQG
DQ
D WUHH ZKLFK LV PDGH
XS RI VKDSHV RQO\
PM
/HW X
XV GH
GHFRPSRVH WKLV SLFWXUH LQWR WKH
VKDSHV
DSH LW LV PDGH XS RI
DSHV
,W LV HDV\ WR GUDZ WKH SLFWXUH XVLQJ WKHVH VKDSHV 7KLV LV KRZ
GHFRPSRVLWLRQ KHOSV XV VROYH D SUREOHP
ϲϳ
P
PM
ZŝŐŚƚ >ĞĨƚ
$UUDQJLQJ
3ODFLQJ D JURXS RI WKLQJV DW D SURSHU SODFH RU LQ D SDUWLFXODU
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ZĞĚďĂƐŬĞƚ
Ğƚ
P
PM
'ƌĞĞŶďĂƐŬĞƚ
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
zĞůůŽǁďĂƐŬĞƚ ϲϵ
180%(5WR
0DWFKWKHHPSW\FLUFOHVZLWKQXPEHUVLQWKHFRUUHFWRUGHUIURP
WR
P
PM
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
,QD1XWVKHOO
3DWWHUQV DUH FUHDWHG ZKHQ ILJXUHV DUH DUUDQJHG LQ D GHVLJQ
'HVLJQ LV UHSHWLWLRQ RI SDWWHUQV RI FRORUV VKDSHV DQG OLQHV
'HFRPSRVLWLRQ RI D SUREOHP PDNHV LW HDV\ WR VROYH
ϳϬ
3ODFLQJ D JURXS RI WKLQJV LQ D SURSHU SODFH RU LQ D SDUWLFXODU
RUGHU LV FDOOHG DUUDQJLQJ
([HUFLVHV
$ :ULWH ¶7· IRU 7UXH DQG ¶)· IRU )DOVH VWDWHPHQWV
3DWWHUQV GR QRW UHSHDW RYHU DQG RYHU DJDLQ
'HFRPSRVLWLRQ PHDQV EUHDNLQJ XS RI D SUREOHP
LQWR VPDOOHU SDUWV
$UUDQJLQJ WKLQJV PDNHV WKHP ORRN WLG\
°ÊÊ Ê Ê Ì iÊ LÝið
3 7 ( 1 DUH FUHDWHG ZKHQ ILJXUHV RU
6 /
P
(
PM
$FWLYLW\ 6HFWLRQ
/DE$FWLYLW\ 4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
2SHQ WKH (GXFDWLRQDO 6XLWH *&RPSULV > @ dŚŝƐ ƉĂƚƚĞƌŶͲďĂƐĞĚ ůĂď
ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ŚĞůƉƐ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ
&OLFN RQ 3HQJXLQ LFRQ > @ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĂƚŝŽŶĂů
&OLFN RQ /RJLF > @ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
/dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
&KRRVH WKH /RJLFDO $VVRFLDWLRQV > @
3/$<,1*0(7+2'
/RRN DW WKH WZR VHTXHQFHV (DFK IUXLW
L Q W K H I L U V W V H T X H Q F H K D V E H H Q
UHSODFHG E\ DQRWKHU IUXLW LQ WKH
VHFRQG VHTXHQFH &RPSOHWH WKH VHFRQG ϳϭ
VHTXHQFH E\ XVLQJ WKH FRUUHFW IUXLW
DIWHU VWXG\LQJ WKH SDWWHUQ
$57,),&,$/,17(//,*(1&(
1ÆƋÀƑ ¼rÕƑ ÕÆƑ &
Ţ
2%-(&7,9(6
ƼƑ~¯¨¹£Æ©ƑÆÀƑ~r¹Æ¼ŪƑÛ¯ËƑÕ££Ƒ}Ƒr}£ƑƯũƑ
y >ĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƚĞƌŵƐ ͚ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů͛ ĂŶĚ ͚/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͛͘
y hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ĂďŽƵƚ /͘
y ƌĞĂƚĞ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƵƚŽƌĂǁ͘
$UWLILFLDO P
$UWLILFLDO WKLQJV DUH PDGH
DGH RU SURG
SURGXFHG E\ KXPDQ EHLQJV
PM
7KHVH WKLQJV DUH QRW IRXQG
RXQG QDWXUDOO\
RXQG QDWXUD
QDWXUDOO
,Q RWKHU ZRUGV DUWLILFLDO
WLILFLDO WKLQJV
WKLQ DUH WKH FRS\ RI QDWXUDO
WKLQJV
',))(5(1&( %(7:((1 1$785$/ $1' $57,),&,$/
7+,1*6
EdhZ> Zd/&//> EdhZ> Zd/&//>
ϭ ϯ
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
Ϯ ϰ
ϳϮ
,QWHOOLJHQFH
,QWHOOLJHQFH LV WKH DELOLW\ WR WKLQN OHDUQ IURP SDVW H[SHULHQFH
DQG DFW DFFRUGLQJ WR D VLWXDWLRQ
<RX EHFRPH LQWHOOLJHQW ZKHQ \RX VWDUW GRLQJ FRUUHFW WKLQJV E\
\RXUVHOI /HW XV XQGHUVWDQG LW ZLWK WKH KHOS RI DQ H[DPSOH
$V VRRQ DV \RX WRXFK D KRW LURQ \RX ZLOO
\DQN \RXU KDQG DZD\ LPPHGLDWHO\ :KHQ
WKLV KDSSHQV WR \RX IRU WKH ILUVW WLPH
WKH HYHQW DQG WKH UHVXOW WKH EXUQLQJ RI
\RXU KDQG JHWV VWRUHG LQ \RXU EUDLQ
7KLV LV FDOOHG DQ H[SHULHQFH
$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH
OLJHQFH $
$,
$UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH LVLV D ZD\ RI PDNLQJ D
FRPSXWHU D URERW RU D PDFKLQH WKLQN LQWHOOLJHQWO\ $,
OLNH KXPDQV
,PDJLQH D FDU ZLWKRXW D GULYHU WKDW GURSV \RX WR VFKRRO VD\V
´*RRG E\Hµ WR \RX DQG FRPHV EDFN LQ WKH DIWHUQRRQ WR SLFN \RX /dW>EdͲϭ;KKdͿ
XS IURP VFKRRO
$,/DE
$872'5$:
$XWR'UDZ LV D IUHH RQOLQH $,²EDVHG GUDZLQJ
SURJUDP WKDW WUDQVIRUPV \RXU URXJK GUDZLQJ
RU VNHWFK LQWR PHDQLQJIXO LPDJHV
67$57,1* $872'5$:
)RU XVLQJ $XWR'UDZ \RX QHHG
HG
G D FRP
P F
FRPSXWHU ZLWK ,QWHUQHW
FRQQHFWLRQ
&
OLFN RQ 6WDUW LFRQ WR RSHQ
PM
6WDUW PHQX
Ϯ &OLFN RQ 0LFURVRIW (GJH
<
RX FDQ DOVR RSHQ 0LFURVRIW
(GJH E\ FOLFNLQJ RQ LWV LFRQ
ϭ RQ WKH WDVNEDU
ϳϰ
$, ([SHULPHQW SDJH RI $XWR'UDZ DSSHDUV
4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO ϳϱ
dŚĞ ƵůƚŝŵĂƚĞ ŐŽĂů ŽĨ ƵƚŽƌĂǁ ŝƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ LJŽƵƌ
ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ďĞƚƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽǁ LJŽƵ ŚŽǁ / ŚĞůƉƐ LJŽƵ
ŝŶ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ƋƵŝĐŬůLJ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůLJ͘
,QD1XWVKHOO
$UWLILFLDO WKLQJV DUH WKH FRS\ RI QDWXUDO WKLQJV
,QWHOOLJHQFH LV WKH DELOLW\ WR WKLQN OHDUQ IURP SDVW
H[SHULHQFH DQG DFW DFFRUGLQJ WR D VLWXDWLRQ
UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH PDNHV D PDFKLQH WKLQN LQWHOOLJHQWO\
$
OLNH KXPDQV
XWR'UDZ LV DQ $,EDVHG GUDZLQJ SURJUDP WKDW FKDQJHV
$
URXJK GUDZLQJV RU VNHWFKHV LQWR PHDQLQJIXO LPDJHV
([HUFLVHV
$ 7LFN >9@ WKH FRUUHFW DQVZHU
$UWLILFLDO WKLQJV DUH PDGH
GH E\
P
D QDWXUH E KXPDQ F URERWV
PM
ZKHQ \RX VWDUW GRLQJ FRUUHFW WKLQJ
<RX EHFRPH
RQ \RXU RZQ
D \RXQJ E ROG F LQWHOOLJHQW
7KURXJK ,QWHOOLJHQFH D FRPSXWHU FDQ SOD\ WDON
DQG GR PDQ\ RWKHU WKLQJV
D 1DWXUDO E 6LPSOH F $UWLILFLDO
$XWR'UDZ SURJUDP WUDQVIRUPV \RXU URXJK GUDZLQJ RU VNHWFK
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
% :ULWH ¶7· IRU 7UXH DQG ¶)· IRU )DOVH VWDWHPHQWV
$UWLILFLDO WKLQJV DUH QRW IRXQG QDWXUDOO\
<RX EHFRPH LJQRUDQW ZKHQ \RX VWDUW GRLQJ FRUUHFW
WKLQJV E\ \RXUVHOI
ϳϲ
$XWR'UDZ LV D IUHH RQOLQH SURJUDP
<RX GR QRW QHHG ,QWHUQHW FRQQHFWLRQ WR RSHQ $XWR'UDZ
°ÊÊ Ê Ê Ì iÊ LÝið
ϭ ϭ ϭ
Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϳϳ
$FWLYLW\
0DUN WKH ZRUGV JLYHQ LQ WKH ER[ LQ WKH ZRUG VHDUFK SX]]OH 2QH
KDV EHHQ GRQH IRU \RX
3 ) < 8 - 1 4 7 1 1 * ,
1 $ 5 7 , ) , & , $ / 1
$ 6 * / 5 & ; & < 6 % 7
7 7 . 9 6 * , : ( & 5 (
8 ' + 4 5 ( % 0 6 ' 0 5
5 & * & - 6 + + 8 0 $ 1
$ $ % 1 ( / ) & 1 ' : (
P
/ $ 8 7 2 ' 5 $ : * 5 7
PM
4 7 ( 9 = % 6 * / ) $ :
/DE$FWLYLW\
$ *LYH D GHPRQVWUDWLRQ RI $XWR'UDZ DQG IDPLOLDUL]H WKH VWXGHQWV
ZLWK LWV GLIIHUHQW WRROV
% 2SHQ $XWR'UDZ DQG GUDZ WKH IROORZLQJ ILJXUHV
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϳϴ 4LJMM 'PSNBUJPO
dŚŝƐ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŐŶŝƚŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĨŝŶĞ ŵŽƚŽƌ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŽĨ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
:RUNVKHHW,,
&KDSWHUV
9 'R¶V
3UHVV WKH NH\V RI WKH NH\ERDUG JHQWO\
[ 'RQ¶WV
'R QRW SXVK WKH FRPSXWHU ,W FDQ GLVWXUE
WKH FDEOH FRQQHFWLRQV
WD Wh>/^,Z^ Wsd͘ >d͘
ϴϬ
'R QRW WRXFK WKH ZLUHV DQG FDEOHV
ZKHQ WKH FRPSXWHU LV RQ