VIII Science

PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, OSMANABAD

Std.: VIII Subject: Science Topic: Cell- Structure and Function
Value of the Chapter: Every living entity is valuable

1. Tick the correct option.

a. Which of the following is not an eukaryotic organism?

i. Plants ii. Animals

iii. Fungi iv. Bacteria

Answer: Bacteria

b. Which of the following is true about plastids?

i. They are found only in animals cells

ii. All plastids contain chlorophyll

iii. They are found only in plant cells

iv. They are found only in prokaryotic cells

Answer: They are found only in plant cells.

c. Which of the following are absent in plant cells?

i. Ribosomes ii. Centrioles

iii. Vacuoles iv. Mitochondria

Answer: Centrioles

d. Which of the following equations correctly represents the

cytoplasm of the cell?

i. Protoplasm = cell membrane + nucleus – cytoplasm

ii. Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus

iii. Protoplasm = nucleus + cell membrane

iv. Protoplasm = cell membrane + cytoplasm

Answer: Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus

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2. Fill in the blanks

a. Chromosomes carry genes which are responsible for transfer of
characters from the parents to the offspring.

b. Animal cells often show presence of many small vacuoles.

c. Mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of adenosine

triphosphate.

d. A semi-fluid substance that fills up the space between the cell

membrane and the nucleus is called cytoplasm .

e. Vacuole help in storing various substances such as food, enzymes

and waste products for a short period of time.

3. State whether the following statements are True

(T) or False (F).
a. Golgi bodies are associated with protein synthesis. (False)

b. Prokaryotic cells lack a well organised nucleus. (True)

c. Protoplasm is the jelly-like substance present between the cell

membrane and the nucleus. (False)

d. Rudolf Virchow stated that every cell arises from pre-existing cells.
(True)

e. Lysosomes are also known as suicidal bags. (True)

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4. Match the following.

Column A Column B
a. Prokaryotic cell (Lacks i. Play an important role in cell
nucleus) division

b. Centrioles and centromeres ii. Flexible boundary of a cell

(Play an important role in cell
division)

c. Mitochondria (Small double iii. Lacks nucleus

membrane)

d. Plasma membrane (Flexible iv. Small double membraned

boundary of a cell)

5. Answer the following questions in one word or a

sentence.
a. Name the thread like structure protruding from the cell
membrane of a prokaryotic cell which helps it in movement.

Answer: Flagella

b. What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer: A network of membranous tubes that connect the cell

membrane with the nuclear membrane

c. Which is the powerhouse of a cell?

Answer: Mitochondria

d. Name the organelles that help in digestion of foreign bodies and

worn out cell parts.

Answer: Lysosomes

e. Name the plastids containing chlorophyll.

Answer: Chloroplast

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6. Answer the following questions in short.

a. What are Golgi bodies?

Answer: Golgi bodies are found located near the nucleus. They modify
the proteins made by the ribosomes and help in their transportation to
various organelles and to the plasma membrane.

b. State the significance of the cell wall in plant cells.

Answer: Plants are generally exposed to extreme environmental

conditions during summer, winter and monsoon. They need protection
against variations in temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric
moisture etc. The cell wall provides extra protection to the plants cells in
such adverse conditions.

c. What are plastids? Give one example of a plastid.

Answer: Plastids are membrane bound organelles found only in plant

cells. Some of them contain green coloured pigments called chlorophyll.
These green coloured plastids are called chloroplasts.

7. Give reason.
a. Lysosomes are called suicidal bags.

Answer: Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles found in

eukaryotic cells which contain certain enzymes that help in digestion of
foreign bodies and worn out cell parts. Hence they are also known as
suicidal bags.

b. The nucleus can be compared to the brain of a cell.

Answer: Nucleus controls all the activities of the cell, hence it is the brain
of the cell.

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8. Answer the following questions in details.

a. List three differences between plant cells and animal cells.

Plant cells Animal cells

Plant cell is usually larger in Animal cell is comparatively
size. smaller in size.

Plant cells contain a rigid cell Animal cells lack cell wall. They
wall in addition to cell only show presence of plasma
membrane. membrane.

Plant cells show presence of Animal cells do not have

plastids like chloroplasts. plastids

Most of the mature plant cells Animal cells often show

show presence of many small
vacuoles.
presence of single large vacuole.

Centrioles and centrosomes are Centrioles and centrosomes are

absent in plant cells. present in plant cells.

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b. How do bacterial cells differ from animal cells?

Answer: The nucleus in bacterial cell is not well organized. It lacks the
nuclear membrane. It also lack other organelles like mitochondria and
golgi bodies.

c. State the cell theory.

Answer: - All living organisms are composed up of one or more cells.

- The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living
things.

- All cells arise from pre existing cells.

d. Give examples of functions of cells according to their structure.

Answer: Examples of functions of cells according to their structure are:

(i) The white blood cells are irregular in shape and function to protect us
from foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses etc.

(ii) The red blood cells are round and concave due to which they can
easily squeeze through the narrow blood capillaries.

(iii) Smooth muscle cells are found to be long and pointed at both the
ends showing a spindle shape.

(iv) The nerve cells are elongated and show branching. Their structure
resembles a star with a long tail. The extensions of the nerve cells help
in passage of chemical and electrical messages throughout the body.

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10. Practical based question.

Suhani and her classmates were taken to the biology lab where
their teacher showed them a plant cell under the microscope. The
teacher explained the structure of a plant cell and also pointed out
the main difference between a plant cell and an animal cell. Plant
cells have an additional membrane known as cell wall which is
absent in animal cells. Suhani wants to know if the cell wall of plant
cells has any specific function.

Answer the following:

a. What is the function of the cell wall in plants?

Answer: The cell wall provides extra protection to the plants cells in such
adverse conditions. Although cell wall is flexible, it provides strength and
structural support to the cell and protects the plant from physical
damage. To some extent, the cell wall also controls the entry and exit of
certain molecules in and out of the cell.

11. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

a. If an animal cell and a plant cell are exposed to conditions such
as high temperature or moisture, which one would survive better?

Answer: Plant cell because the cell wall provides extra protection to the
plants cells.

b. A cell consists of many organelles however; we do not consider

any of them as a structural and functional unit of life. Why?

Answer: Because it cannot survive independently.

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