Deflection Calculation
Karthikeyan K
SCE, VIT Chennai
Example
A one-way slab of effective span 4.2 m is subjected to a
total load, inclusive of self weight, of 10 kN/m^2 and is
reinforced with 10 mm bars at 125 mm c/c in the short
span and with distributors of 8 mm bars at 200 mm c/c. if
the total depth of slab is 200 mm with effective depth 165
mm, calculate the maximum short-term deflection as per
IS 456, assuming M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Solution
Step 1: Calculate bending moments
Span, L = 4.2 m, fy = 415 MPa, fck = 20 MPa, working load
= 10 kN/m^2, D =200 mm, d = 165 mm
Maximum bending moment at mid-span = wL^2/8
= (10*4.2^2) /8 = 22.05 kNm per m width
Step 2: Calculation of m, Ec and fcr
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete, Ec (Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:
2000, pp. 16)
Ec = 5000 (fck)^0.5 = 5000*(20)^0.5 = 22360 MPa
Es =2.05 x 10^5 MPa
Modular ratio, m = Es/Ec = 205000 / 22360 = 8.9
Modulus of rupture, (Cl. 6.2.2, IS 456: 2000, pp. 16)
fcr = 0.7(fck)^0.5
fcr = 0.7*20^0.5 = 3.13 MPa
Step 3: Check for Cracking moment
I = bD^3/12 = (1000*200^3)/12 = 666.67 x 10^6 mm^4
Mcr = fcr Igr / yt = (3.13 * 6.16 x 10^8) / (0.5 * 200)
Mcr = 20.87 kNm < 22.05 (MDL+IL)
Considering 0.7Mcr
Mcr = 0.7 x 20.87 = 14.61 kNm
Step 4 : Calculation of Cracked Moment of Inertia
Ast,pro = 1000*78.5 / 125 = 628 mm^2
pt = 628*100 / 1000*165 = 0.38%
Depth of NA by working stress method, x = kd
K = -(ptm /100) +{(pt m /100)^2 + (pt m/50)}^0.5
k = -((0.38*8.9)/100)+(((0.38*8.9)/100)^2
((0.38*8.9)/500))^0.5
k = 0.2285
x = 0.2285*165 = 37.7 mm
Cracked moment of inertia,
Icr = bx^3/3 + mAst(d-x)^2
Icr = ((1000*37.7^3)/3) + (8.9*628*(165-37.7)^2)
Icr = 108.44x10^6 mm^4
Step 5 : Calculation of Effective moment of inertia
From Annex C of IS 456, effective moment of inertia,
With Icr < Ieff < Igr,
z = d – (x/3) = 165-(37.7/3) = 152.4 mm
= (152.4/165)(1-(37.7/165))*1 = 0.7126
Ieff = 108.44x10^6 / (1.2 – ((14.61/22.05)*0.7126)
Ieff = 148.99x10^6 mm^4
Step 6 : Check for short-term deflection
Maximum short -term deflection, for cracked section
Δ = 5WL^4 / 384EIeff = 5ML^2 / 48EIeff
Δ = (5*22.05*10^6*4200^2)/(48*22360*148.99x10^6)
Δ = 12.16 mm <L/250 (4200/250 = 16.8 mm)
Uncracked section deflection
Δ = 5WL^4 / 384EIgr = 5ML^2 / 48EIgr
Δ = (5*22.05*10^6*4200^2)/(48*22360*666.67x10^6)
Δ = 2.72 mm <L/250 (4200/250 = 16.8 mm)
Example 2
Compute the maximum short-term deflection due to dead
loads plus live loads in a beam using the concept of Ieff
specified in IS 456 (2000) for the following data: beam size:
230 mm x 400 mm, Le = 5.0 m, DL = 2.30 kN/m, IL = 12
kN/m, M30 & Fe415, d = 352 mm, Ast = 3 – 16 mm dia bars,
pt,provided = 0.745%.
Solution
Step 1: Calculate bending moments
Span, L = 5.0 m, fy = 415 MPa, fck = 30 MPa, working load
= 14.3 kN/m^2, D =400 mm, d = 400-30-8-(16/2) = 354
mm
Maximum bending moment at mid-span = wL^2/8
= (14.3*5^2) /8 = 44.69 kNm per m width
Step 2: Calculation of m, Ec and fcr
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete, Ec (Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:
2000, pp. 16)
Ec = 5000 (fck)^0.5 = 5000*(30)^0.5 = 27386 MPa
Es =2 x 10^5 MPa
Modular ratio, m = Es/Ec = 200000 / 22360 = 7.3
Modulus of rupture, (clause 6.2.2 , IS 456: 2000, pp. 16)
fcr = 0.7(fck)^0.5
fcr = 0.7*20^0.5 = 3.83 MPa
Step 3: Check for Cracking moment
I = bD^3/12 = (230*400^3)/12 = 1266.67 x 10^6 mm^4
Mcr = fcr Igr / yt = (3.83 * 1266.67 x 10^6) / (0.5 * 400)
Mcr = 23.49 kNm < 44.69 (MDL+IL)
Considering 0.7Mcr
Mcr = 0.7 x 23.49 = 16.44 kNm
Step 4 : Calculation of Cracked moment of inertia
Ast,pro = 3*201= 603 mm^2
pt = 603*100 / 230*354 = 0.74%
Depth of NA by working stress method, x = kd
K = -(ptm /100) +{(pt m /100)^2 + (pt m/50)}^0.5
k = -((0.74*7.3)/100)+(((0.74*7.3)/100)^2+
((0.74*7.3)/50))^0.5
k = 0.279
x = 0.279*354 = 98.77 mm
Cracked moment of inertia,
Icr = bx^3/3 + mAst(d-x)^2
Icr = ((230*98.77^3)/3) + (7.3*603*(354-98.77)^2)
Icr = 360.622x10^6 mm^4
Step 5 : Calculation of Effective moment of inertia
From Annex C of IS 456, effective moment of inertia,
With Icr < Ieff < Igr,
z = d – (x/3) = 354-(98.77/3) = 321.08 mm
= (321.08/354)(1-(98.77/165))*1 = 0.654
Ieff = 1266.67 x10^6 / (1.2 – ((16.44/44.69)*0.654)
Ieff = 1320.313x10^6 mm^4
Step 6 : Check for short-term deflection
Maximum short -term deflection, for cracked section
Δ = 5WL^4 / 384EIeff = 5ML^2 / 48EIeff
Δ = (5*44.69*10^6*5000^2)/(48*27386*1320.313*10^6)
Δ = 3.22 mm <L/250 (5000/250 = 20 mm)
Uncracked section deflection
Δ = 5WL^4 / 384EIgr = 5ML^2 / 48EIgr
Δ = (5*44.69*10^6*5000^2)/(48*27386* 1266.67 *10^6)
Δ = 3.35 mm <L/250 (4200/250 = 16.8 mm)
