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Python - Basics
• Python
• Created by Guido van Rossum
Data Science • First released in 1991
Lecture # 4 • Widely used high-level programming language for general purpose
programming
• Python is powerful… and fast; plays well with others; runs everywhere; is
friendly & easy to learn; is open
• Will use NumPy and Pandas libraries in future, valeable for doing data
science in Python
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Python - Basics Variables in Python
• Python
• Lines in a typical Python program equals 5 times lines in other languages
like C++ or Java
• Python is surprisingly fast for interpretive language • By the end of this lecture, you will should be able to
• Jupyter • Write a simple program in python
• We will eventually be using Jupyter
• Use dynamic typing to assign values to variables
• Originally the combination of three languages, Julia (JU), Python (Pyt)
and R (R)
• These days Jupyter supports more than 40 languages
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Variables in Python Variables in Python
• Python is dynamic
typed language there
are no explicit types for
x and y
• C, C++ are strongly
typed languages
• There are still types
behind the scene with
Python
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Common Types in Python Variables in Python
• Numeric: Integers, float, complex
• Sequence: List, tuple, range • There will be an error
• Binary: Byte, bytearray with C code
• True/Falase: Bool • There will be no error
with Python
• Text: string • Why? Dynamic typing
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Python -Objects Part 1 Python -Objects Part 1
• Objects
• By the end of this lecture, you will should be able to • Can hold data
• Can have actions associated with them
• Describe an object from a programming perspective
• Recognize that everything in python is an object • In previous slide we’ve seen that x can hold integer as well as float values
because everything in Python is an object
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Python -Objects Part 1 What Happens When x = 4.5?
• X = 3 will create
PyIntObject with value of • First a PyFloatObject is
three created
• X is created in stack • Then x point to it
• PyIntObject in heap • Garbage collector in
• Stack holds local variable Python automatically
managed by program free the space for
PyIntObject
• Heap holds dynamic data
managed by OS 11 12
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Another Example Python -Objects Part 2
• x is y…? • By the end of this lecture, you will should be able to
• The answer is False
• == test for equality • Create objects and call methods on objects
• x == y…?
• The answer is True
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An Example An Example
• Create a string object
• There are built-in
methods with string
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Loops in Python Loops in Python
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Loops in Python Loops in Python
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Python -Conditions Python -Conditions
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Python -Conditions Python - Functions
• Neither return type nor the parameter type need to define
• Advantage is no need to write separate function for int, float, double etc
• Problem is when you will call this function with string parameter
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Python - Functions Python - Functions
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Python - Functions Python - Functions
• Output will be
• 2.7
• None
• Because function
is not returning
anything
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Python - Scope Python – Global Variable
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Python – Global Variable
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