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Personal BEST A2 - TB UNIT8

ingles (Universidad Virtual del Estado de Guanajuato)

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UNIT

8 In the past
LANGUAGE past simple of be ■ past simple: irregular verbs ■ inventions

8A Technology through the ages

1 Match the inventions with the words in the box. Do you have any of these things in your home?

video player digital camera microwave TV smartphone CD player

a b c d e f

Go to Vocabulary practice: inventions, page 149

2 Which inventions are important to you? Choose your top three and tell a partner.
I can’t live without my smartphone, satnav and TV.

3 A When do you think most people in the UK first had these things in their homes?
Write 1930s, 1960s or 1990s.
washing machine black-and-white TV telephone CD player
radio vacuum cleaner the internet freezer
B Read the text. When did Ethel, George and Jessica have these things in their homes?

The 1930s
In the 1930s, life at home wasn’t easy. There was a lot of housework to do and we
didn’t have a lot of things to help us like we have now. There wasn’t a vacuum
cleaner, an electric iron or a washing machine. We didn’t have a telephone, but
there was a telephone box in the street. We didn’t make many telephone calls!
We had a radio, but we didn’t have a TV. In my free time (we were always
busy so there wasn’t much free time!), I read a lot of books.
Ethel

My first house was very different from my parents’ house. The furniture was very
colourful and there was a lot of new technology. We had a telephone and a TV.
The TV was black and white and there were a lot of different programmes, but
there weren’t many channels. We had some modern appliances in our kitchen –
a fridge, a freezer, an electric cooker, a toaster and a washing machine and
we always had a vacuum cleaner.
George

The 1990s
In the 1990s, a lot of my friends had TVs in their bedrooms. TVs and other
electrical items weren’t expensive and I had a TV and a video player in my
room. I had both a cassette player and a CD player to listen to music. In
1997, I bought my first mobile phone. There was a computer in our house.
I didn’t use it much, but in 1998 we got the internet at home. We were so
excited! I can’t imagine life without the internet now. Can you?
Jessica

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UNIT

UNIT
In the past 8
UNIT 8 OVERVIEW: The focus of this unit is talking about the past, and past events. Sts read a text about
technology through the ages. They then watch/listen to people talking about past inventions. Next, they
read about a family that decided to live like a family in the 1980s, and practise talking about things that they
did in the past. They finish by reading an account of a disastrous job interview and writing an account of
something interesting or unusual that happened to them in the past.

LANGUAGE SKILLS
Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation Listening Writing
Past simple of be; past simple: irregular Inventions; life was and were; Listening for Planning and making
verbs; past simple: regular verbs and stages -ed endings numbers, dates and notes; sequencers
past time expressions prices

LANGUAGE 8A
8A Technology through the ages
Sts read a text about technology in the 1930s, 1960s and 1990s. They then practise talking about the kinds of technology
they had when they were young.

Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation Communication

Past simple of Inventions (black and white TV (black-and-white TV), cassette player, was and were Talking about
be; past simple: CD player, colour TV, digital camera, dishwasher, DVD player, freezer, fridge, technology when
irregular verbs laptop, microwave, Sat Nav (satnav), toaster, tumble dryer, video player) you were young

WA R M E R 3 D o e r cis e s o c a b u l a r y
A s k : What do you know about life in the 1960s? In what ways p a g e e o
was it different?   e w o o r k u s i n g e n ti o n s ,
p a ir s e w n e a y s e a s e r e n t g u e sse o y
i n o e ll r e m e m b e r y o r d s u ic k l y.
t h e y e c h n o l o g y,e e m s y
m e n ti o n d e a c h o r d technology. y Go to Vocabulary practice:  e n t i o n s , e
d o n ’t o d u c e What p a g e
kinds of technology did people NOT have in the 1960s? S t s e e e s e n t a ti o n o r
i n v e n ti o n s e . e r c i s e s
1 R e a d o u g h ordsx t h e m o r w o r k , o r e e r c is e
p r e - t e a c h y .t s o r k le ss o n
i n v e n ti o n s . e n ti o n s
R e min d o o o r
h a v e
v o c a b u l a r y e n ti o n s .
Answers 2 A ll o w o e p a r e o r m
a TV b smartphone c video player m o r e a y s yin g o o u,
d digital camera e microwave f CD player e . g . I really need my ..., I depend on my ... t s ork
p a i r s e ll e n t i o n s e
t o e o e e a s o n s.
3 x P R A C T
 SB page 66, exercise 1
3 A S ts e o e
1 D o e r cis e o r e o u g u e s s y w . e r s e t.
a n s w e r s, e a d o r d o m x
a s k : Which picture?   e rs e B S ts e a d e x t o e rs
to y e r e n c e s e e ct a n d y o u n d e x t.
a n s w e r, o n u n c i a ti o n e t o e p e a t
th e o r d. Answers
washing machine – 1960s telephone – 1960s
2 A s k o v e r x.y radio – 1930s the internet – 1990s
p ic t u r e s y o e m e m b e r o r d s o m y. black-and-white TV – 1960s CD player – 1990s
T h e y o r d s x ain o vacuum cleaner – 1960s freezer – 1960s

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past simple of be ■ past simple: irregular verbs ■ inventions LANGUAGE 8A

7A
4 A Complete the sentences from the text with the correct form of be.
1 My first house very different from my parents’ house.
2 In the 1930s, life at home easy.
3 We so excited!
4 TVs and other electrical items expensive.
5 There a lot of new technology.
6 There many channels.
B Answer the questions. Then read the Grammar box.
1 Which are the two positive past simple forms of be? and
2 What are the negative forms? and
3 What are the past simple forms of there is and there are? and

Grammar past simple of be, there was/there were

Positive: Negative: Past simple of there is and there are:

I was two years old in 1934. I wasn’t alive in 1930. There was a TV in our living room.
You were a child in the 1960s. You weren’t an adult. There wasn’t a telephone box in our street.
Life was difficult in the past. It wasn’t easy. There were a lot of TV programmes.
We were happy. My parents weren’t rich. There weren’t many TV channels.

Go to Grammar practice: past simple of be, there was/there were, page 126
5 8.4 Pronunciation: was and were Listen and repeat the sentences. Which verb forms are
stressed: positive or negative?
1 The TV was in the living room. 4 Things were very different.
2 There wasn’t much free time. 5 Dishwashers weren’t in every home.
3 There were two bedrooms and a bathroom. 6 There weren’t many cars.

6 A Look again at the text. Find the positive past simple form of these verbs.
1 have 2 read 3 buy 4 get
B Find the negative past simple form of these verbs from the text. Which verb form do we use
after didn’t? Then read the Grammar box.
1 have 2 make 3 use

Grammar past simple: irregular verbs

A lot of verbs have an irregular past simple positive form. You need to learn them.
Positive: Negative:
In the 1930s, I read a lot of books. We didn’t make many phone calls.
We had a computer. I didn’t go there much.

Go to Grammar practice: past simple: irregular verbs, page 126

7 A 8.6 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verbs in the box. Listen and check.

buy (×2) have not use not have

In the 1990s, I 1 a mobile phone, but I 2 a digital camera. I 3 a digital camera

in 2001, but then, in 2005, I 4 a smartphone, so I 5 my digital camera after that.
B Tell your partner about yourself. Use the prompts.

I didn’t have a … I used …

In the 1990s/2000s, I had a … I bought a …

Go to Communication practice: Student A page 163, Student B page 172

8 Talk about your parents/grandparents when they were young. What did/didn’t they have
in their homes?

Personal Best Think about your house when you were a child. Write about the gadgets and inventions you had. 67

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0 0 ; p h o t o c o p i a bl e a c t i v i t y 8A G r a m m a r
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LANGUAGE 8A
4 A S ts e e n c e s e ct o r m be. Grammar
C h e c k e r s.
R e a d x
ir r e g u l a r e r b s. e r b s
Answers
h a v e e g u l a r o r m s, o
1 was 2 wasn't 3 were 4 weren’t 5 was 6 weren’t th e m.ointe o r m
i n e e n c e s, o r
B S t s e n c e s e r cis e e r R e m i n d a ti v e e n c e s , e didn’t
q u e s ti o n s . e r s . + e o r m . u e s ti o n s o
Concept check questions:
Answers When do we use the past simple? o v e n t s
1 was, were 2 wasn’t, weren’t in Are verbs such as ‘make’ and ‘buy’ regular
3 there was, there were or irregular? e g u l a r ) . What’s the past simple of ‘buy’?
( b o u g h t ) . Have?  Does the past simple form change
Grammar for I, you, he, she, etc?   Do we use the past simple
form for positive sentences or negative ones?   e ) .
R e a d x How do we form the negative?   didn’t   
o f be. o i n t e was o r I, he, she   it i n fi n iti v e ) .
f o r m s, e were o r you, we   they o r m s .
E li c i t a t i v e o r m s e wasn’t was not) Go to Grammar practice:    e g u l a r e r b s,
weren’t were not) . u e s t i o n s o p a g e e
Concept check questions: S t s e e e f e r e n c e , e s e n t a ti o n
When do we use the past simple of ‘be’? o p r a c ti c e o r e g u l a r e r b s e .
p a s t ) . When do we use ‘was’?   I, he, she, it) . When do t h e s e e r c is e s o r w o r k ,
we use ‘were’?   you, we, they) . I was happy – correct? b e f o r e e r c is e
( y e s ) . Phones was expensive – correct?      were
e x p e n s i v e ) . Can you make those two sentences negative? R e min d o o o r
( I a s n ’t y , e r e n ’t e ) . There’s a TV g r a m m a r e g ula re r b s
in the kitchen – can you change the sentence so it’s about si m p l e .
the past? e a s V There aren’t
any mobile phones – can you say this about the past?   7 A 8. 6 S t s e e x t e c t e r b
– T h e r e weren’t  y f o r m s. y o r o e n
a n s w e r s. e e o r
Go to Grammar practice:     be, there was/
there were  e e Answers
1 had 2 didn’t have 3 bought 4 bought
S t s e e e f e r e n c e , e s e n t a ti o n 5 didn’t use
p r a c ti c e o r be, there was/there were
h e r e . e r c is e s o r
h o m e w o r k , o r e e r c is e B S t s o m p t s o e ll
t h e m s e l v e s.
R e min d o o o r
gra m m ar be, there was/ Go to Communication practice
there were. D i v i d e o t u d e n tt u d e n tt u d e n t
A’o e t u d e n t
g o o e o e ore a c h er
5 8. 4 P l a y e e o r
n o t e s ., e r c i s e
a u dio e o r m s e e ss e d
le ss o n
( /wəz/   /wə/) , a t i v e o r m s e e s s e d
( /wɒznt/   /wɜ:nt/) . y a i n o r o 8 A ll o w o e p a r e . y
li s t e n e p e a t . t h e n e o e ll
6 A S ts e x t e ai n c l a s s y a m il y .
si m p l e o r m s e r b s. e r s. o i n t
a lt h o u g h read      e se nt PERSONALT
p a s t e n s e s , o n u n c i a ti o n e r e n t /ri:d/   /red/) . S ts be . y e
a b o u t a d g e t s e n ti o n s y
Answers w h e n y ere e min d o there was / there
1 had 2 read 3 bought 4 got were. t s e
Ask e a k ero y ere
B S t s e x t a i n a ti v e
c h il d , e e n c e d :
si m p l e e r b s. e r s, e r didn’t
w e e o r m er b. There was a ... / There were ... / There wasn’t a ... /
There weren’t any ... / We had a ... but we didn't have a ... .
Answers
S ts e e n c e s w n y
1 didn’t have 2 didn’t make 3 didn’t use
c o m p are e n c es

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8
27 SKILLS
SKILLS LISTENING listening for numbers, dates and prices ■ phrases ■ life stages

8B Life stories
Learning
Curve 1 Match the phrases in the box with pictures a–f.

get married retire go to university be born start school get a job

a c e

b d f

2 Look at the table. When do these life stages happen in your country? Discuss in pairs.
Life stage Average age in the USA Average age in the UK
start school 5 or 6 4 or 5
go to university 18 or 19 18 or 19
get married 28 31
have your first baby 26 30
In our country, people start school when they’re four.

Go to Vocabulary practice: life stages, page 150

3 8.8 Watch or listen to the first part of Learning Curve. Choose the correct options to
complete the sentences.
1 Simon talks about the invention of the satellite / satnav.
2 Kate talks about the invention of instant coffee / coffee filters.

Skill listening for numbers, dates and prices

We sometimes have to listen for numbers, dates and prices:

• Practise listening to numbers regularly on the radio or on the television.
• Be prepared to hear years and dates if someone is talking about the past.
• Listen for the verbs cost and spend. We often use them to talk about prices.

4 A 8.8 Read the Skill box. Watch or listen again and complete the sentences with
the correct numbers, dates and prices.
1 Simon’s taxi journey took minutes. It cost about £ .
2 In 19 , Roger Easton worked at a research centre in Washington D.C.
3 In the 19 s, he thought of putting clocks on satellites.
4 It cost about $ million to build the first GPS.
5 On February 1978, the first GPS satellite went into space.
6 Melitta Bentz was born on January 31, .
7 In the early th century, people used little bags to make coffee.
8 Kate usually spends £ when she buys a coffee.
B Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Do you use the inventions in the programme? How often do you use them?
2 Which invention do you think is more important? Why?

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SKILLS 8B
8B Life stories
Learning
Curve Sts learn vocabulary for life stages, then watch or listen to people talking about inventions and practise
listening for numbers, dates and prices. They focus on irregular past simple verb forms, and practise listening
for phrases. They end by talking about the life story of someone they know.

Listening Skill Listening builder Grammar Vocabulary

Sts watch a video or Listening for Phrases Irregular past Life stages (be born, start school,
listen to a recording numbers, dates simple verb forms leave school, go to university, get
about inventions. and prices a job, meet someone, get married,
have a baby, get divorced, retire, die)

WARMER Skill
T e ll o u r e , e o u R e a d x e nin g o r
w e r e e o u e n t o e r s it y o u dates     y cost   spend.
st u d ie d Where were you born? Where did you go to P o i n t y e s, y y y
school? Did you go to university? What did you study?  t h e m e r e n t a y s, the tenth of December 
a n s w e r s o m o o e ll December the tenth. e m i n d e y
o t h e r e . o e ll y e a rs o e 1946 = nineteen
s o m e t h i n g y. forty-six.

1 C h e c k x e- 4 A 8.8 A l l o w o e a d o u g h a p p e d
t e a c h y .t s e s s e n t e n c e s . y a i n .t s a t c h /
t h e m x.e rs li s t e n e e n c e s e c t
m o d e l o n u n c i a ti o n n u m b e r s, e s e r s.
Answers Answers
a be born b start school c go to university 1 15, 14 2 1943 3 60 4 100 5 22/22nd 6 1873
d get a job e get married f retire 7 20 8 2–3

2 S ts e a d o u g h B S t s u e s ti o n s e e d b a c k
t h i n g s y. y a n s w e r s.
p a ir s. e e d b a c k e r s.
Go to Vocabulary practice: e e s , e
p a g e
S t s e e e s e n t a ti o n o r
p h r a s e s o r e e s e . e r c is e s
c l a s s, o r w o r k , o r e
e x e r c is e
R e min d o o o r
v o c a b u l a r y o r e e s.

3 8.8 N B v e l o c u s
li s t e n i n g e y
o f Learning Curve) . a t e
i n v e n ti o n s , e r v i e w e c h n o l o g y
i n v e n ti o n s .
S t s e a d o u g h e n c e s . e - t e a c h o ll o w i n g
w ordso m satnav, satellite, space, an invention,
to invent something, a research centre, an object, instant
coffee, to pour (coffee), coffee filter   delicious. y
vid e o / a u dio e o r
s c r i p t . t s a t c h / li s t e n e c t o r d s o
c o m p l e t e e n c e s. e r s.

Answers
1 satnav 2 coffee filters

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listening for numbers, dates and prices ■ phrases ■ life stages LISTENING SKILLS
SKILLS 8B
7B
5 A Look at the irregular past simple forms in the table. Write the infinitive of each verb.
Then check in the Irregular verbs list on page 176.

Infinitive Past simple Kate or Simon? Infinitive Past simple Kate or Simon?
1 took 5 thought
2 had 6 went
3 told 7 made
4 cost 8 gave

B 8 Watch or listen again. Who says the irregular past simple forms in 5A? Write K (Kate) or S (Simon).

Go to Vocabulary practice: irregular verbs, page 150

6 810 Watch or listen to the second part of the show. Match the people with the
services that they mention. There is one service that you don’t need.

cooking app online language courses sightseeing app online fashion store

1 Vanessa: 2 Marcello: 3 Xander:

7 810 Watch or listen again. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
1 Vanessa’s birthday is on May 10th / 12th / 28th.
2 It usually costs about £11,000 / £23,000 / £33,000 to start a company.
3 She got her degree in 2002 / 2010 / 2012.
4 Marcello got married two / three / four years ago.
5 Xander finished his invention on April 1st / 3rd / 5th.
6 His invention costs about $1.13 / $1.30 / $1.19.

Listening builder phrases

People often use set phrases when they talk, especially in informal situations.
Learn them as phrases, not just individual words:
I’m just in time. Bye for now!

8 8.11 Read the Listening builder. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.
Listen and check.

First of all a cup of tea Of course you can! Bye for now! What do you do?

1 A B I sell computers.
2 A Can I ask you a question? B
3 A See you tomorrow. B See you!
4 A Would you like and a biscuit? B Yes, please.
5 A How did you start writing books?
B , I wrote a blog and then I wrote a book.

9 In pairs, think of someone interesting that you know and talk about his/her life story.
My grandma was born in Lima in 1929. She got married to my grandfather when she was 18.

Personal Best
Challenge! Think of a famous person that you know about. Write a paragraph about his/her life story. 69

150 EXTRA PRACTICE Workbook page 45

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SKILLS 8B
5 A S ts e g u la r o r m s e Listening builder
t h e e e r b , e f e r ri n g o
R e a d e nin g x
Ir r e g u l a r e r b s e o e r s,
P ointe e r y o r m al
a n d o n u n c i a ti o n e g u l a r o r m s . e m i n d
l a n g u a g e a n d t h e y c a n b e d if fi c u lt t o r e c o g n i z e , b e c a u s e
s t s y o e g u l a r e r b o r m s.
th e y e n ery ords just,
time, o i n t o
Answers
th ato r o o r m al
1 take 2 have 3 tell 4 cost 5 think 6 go s o y e c o g niz e y
7 make 8 give q u e s ti o n s o
Concept check questions:
B 8.8 P l a y a i n . t s a t c h / When do people often use phrases?   o r m a l
li s t e n o e g u l a r e r b e l a n g u a g e / s i t u a t i o n s ) . Why are they difficult to
c o r r e c t a t e ) e r s. recognize? !  y e n e r y
w o r d s ) . What can you do to recognize phrases better?
Answers (l e a r n
1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 K 8 K
8 81 1 S t s e a d e n c e s e
Go to Vocabulary practice: e g u l a r e r b s , e th e e cty
T B e p a g e e o rts e n o
S t s e e e s e n t a ti o n o r a n s w e r s. e r s,
ir r e g u l a r e r b s e . e r c is e s th e
s e t o r w o r k , o r e e r cis e
of Answers
1 What do you do?
R e min d o o o r
2 Of course you can!
v o c a b u l a r y e g u l a r e r b s.
3 Bye for now!
4 a cup of tea
6 8.1 0 R e a d
5 First of all
a s y . e - t e a c h o ll o w i n g o r d s o m
v i d e o : a (university) degree, economics, a webcam,
technology   to inspire someone. y 9 A s o u n d - u p ,e t u r n o o p ic e e s
tr a c k e o rts t alk e y w.y e a d
w a t c h / li s t e n y i n s t r u c ti o n s e p a r e e r s ,
m e n ti o n . e r s . p e o ple e e d b a c k

Answers
1 online fashion store
PERSONALT
2 online language courses S t s e e s. y e
3 sightseeing app p a r a g r a p h e a m o u s y w.y
c a n e
7 81 0 S t s e a d e n c e s y W e a k erork y a m o us
a u d i o a i n . t s a t c h / li s t e n a n d e e e o u r e n c e s e.
c o r r e c t o e e n c e s. e r s. sts o e a d e n c e s o yi n g
p e r s o n ’s e n
Answers is.
1 12th 2 £23,000 3 2012 4 three 5 1st 6 $1.30
EXTRATICE
S ts o r k y e o o
f il m e e r c i s e
A ll o w o a t c h e s . a t c h i n g
t h e m s elv e s o v alu ate w
fl u e n tl y y

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8 LANGUAGE past simple: regular verbs and past time expressions

8C Life in the 1980s

1 A In pairs, look at the pictures. What do you know about life in the 1980s?

B Do you like the fashion and music from the 1980s? Why/Why not? Discuss in pairs.

2 Read the text. What is it about? Choose the best summary.

1 It’s about a family who lived in the 1980s without any technology.
2 It’s about a family who stopped living with modern technology.
3 It’s about a family who didn’t like 1980s technology.

BACK TO THE 1980s

In 2013, Canadian couple Blair and Morgan McMillan started to worry about their two
young sons, Trey and Denton. The boys used a smartphone and a tablet, and they were
always inside – they didn’t want to play outside. Blair and Morgan wanted to change the
situation, so they decided to live like a family in the 1980s for a year. They stopped using
mobile phones, tablets, the internet and cable TV!
Life changed a lot. Blair and Morgan stopped banking online; instead, they went to the
bank in person. They used an old-fashioned camera, not a digital camera. At home, the
family listened to cassettes and watched videos. There was an old games console from
the 1980s and the children played Super Mario Bros. on that. And they loved it! For their
holiday, the family travelled across Canada using a map, not a satnav.
Some things were hard. Blair lost a business partner because he didn’t use a computer
or mobile phone for his job. It was difficult for the family to communicate with their
friends and relatives. They had a phone, but all their friends and family used the internet
or social media.
But a lot of things were better. The family saved a lot of money. Also, they enjoyed
spending more time together in the evenings and at the weekend. The boys didn’t play
with their phones and computers all the time – they played with their toys in the living
room, and Blair and Morgan chatted on the sofa or watched 1980s
TV programmes.

3 Read the text again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 The boys liked playing outside before 2013.
2 Blair and Morgan stopped going to the bank in ‘the 1980s’.
3 The family had a TV before 2013.
4 Blair didn’t use modern technology in his work in ‘the 1980s’.
5 The family didn’t have much money in ‘the 1980s’.
6 The family were together more often in ‘the 1980s’.

4 Find the positive form of the sentences in the text.

1 Blair and Morgan didn’t want to change the situation. 4 The family didn’t travel across Canada.
2 They didn’t stop using mobile phones. 5 They didn’t save a lot of money.
3 They didn’t use an old-fashioned camera. 6 They didn’t enjoy spending time together.

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LANGUAGE 8C
8C Life in the 1980s
Sts read a text about a modern family that decided to give up modern technology and live like a family in the 1980s.
They then practise talking about their own life when they were younger.

Grammar Pronunciation Communication

Past simple: regular verbs and past time expressions -ed endings Talking about the past

WARMER 3 x PRACTICE SB page 70, exercise 3

A s k : Do you think life is better now than it was in the past?
Which things are better? Which things aren’t as good?   1 D o e r c is e o u e r s,
r a n g e e rs Is technology always a good thing? re a d e n c e o g eth er
Are there any disadvantages? What are they?    e to true  y false  y
a n s w e r s. it a l s e . a v e e c t e r o
e x p l a i n y.
1 A S ts e s y 2 A s k o v e r e x t. y y o e m e m b e r
k n o w e e e d b a c k ase xty e n c es
a n s w e r s. y e c o g n is e i n e r c is e o m p t s. y e x t
t w o o s. y e a g ain o
M ic h a ele s w : e s s e d 3 D i v i d e o o u r o u p s,
in a s hio n,o m a n g r o u p e xtain
in o m a n d e t a il o e m e m b e r o o u p s
o f fi c e ; e n e r f o u r,t s o r k
B E li c i t a s h i o n s e r e g r o u p s y o e t e ll o r y o m e x t . y
1 9 8 0 s, e r s c a n y.e o
M a d o n n a,e p r a c t i s e e y e ll o r y
a n d a s h i o n w e r e s si n g o r o m e n n a t u r a l, a y .
( w it h o m a n ti c
fl o w i n g e s s e s ) .t s o r k o
w h aty w a s hio n
4 S ts e x t o e o r m s
s e n t e n c e s. e r s.
a n d y e e.e e d b a c k
a n s w e r s.
Answers
2 R e a d o u g h e e 1 Blair and Morgan wanted to change the situation.
m a k e e v e r y t h i n g .t s e a d e x t 2 They stopped using mobile phones.
q u i c k l y y . e r. 3 They used an old-fashioned camera.
4 The family travelled across Canada.
Answer 5 They saved a lot of money.
2 6 They enjoyed spending more time together.

3 S ts e a d e x t ai n e n c e s e
o r a ls e . e r s.

Answers
1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T

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past simple: regular verbs and past time expressions LANGUAGE 8C

5 A Look at the sentences in exercise 4. What ending do regular past simple positive forms have?
B Underline more regular past simple forms in the text. Then read the Grammar box.

Grammar past simple: regular verbs and past time expressions

Positive: Negative:
They listened to cassettes. They didn’t watch DVDs.
I loved playing video games. Blair didn’t use a computer for work.
Past time expressions:
last week, last month, last year, last summer
a few years ago, a week ago, two days ago, three hours ago
yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening
Look! We say last night, NOT yesterday night.

Go to Grammar practice: past simple: regular verbs and past time expressions, page 127
6 A 8.13 Pronunciation: -ed endings Listen and repeat the three verbs in the table.
Notice how we say the -ed endings.
/t/ /d/ /ɪd/
looked changed wanted

B 8.14 Add the verbs in the box to the table. Listen, check and repeat.

tried decided stopped travelled played watched waited liked ended

7 8.15 Say the sentences. Listen, check and repeat.

1 We travelled all night. 4 You needed a new mobile phone.
2 I watched a film last night. 5 My father worked at the weekends.
3 The family saved a lot of money. 6 I wanted a new computer.

8 A Write true sentences about you with positive or negative past simple verbs.
1 I dinner last night. (cook)
2 I a photo online yesterday. (post)
3 I to the radio this morning. (listen)
4 I house two years ago. (move)
5 I German at school. (study)
6 I in a different city when I was younger. (live)
B In pairs, compare your sentences. Add more information.
A I cooked dinner last night. I cooked lasagne. B I cooked chicken last night.

Go to Communication practice: Student A page 163, Student B page 172

9 A Write one thing for each point below.
• A TV programme or film you watched last week:
• A place you travelled to last year:
• A game or sport that you played last month:
• The job that you wanted to do when you were a child:
B Work with your classmates. Find someone with the same answer as you.
A When I was a child, I wanted to be a vet. How about you?
B I didn’t want to be a vet. I wanted to be a farmer.

10 Tell your classmates about different people in your class.

Erica wanted to be a farmer when she was a child.

Personal Best Choose ten years in your life. Write one important thing that happened in each year. 71

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LANGUAGE 8C
5 A R e f e r o e n c e s e r cis e e a d Answers
o u t u e s ti o n . e r -ed    /t/: stopped, watched, liked
/d/: tried, travelled, played
B S ts e x t e ai n
/ɪd/: decided, waited, ended
m o r e e g u l a r o r m s. e r s.

Answers 7 81 5 S t s o r k y i n g
Blair and Morgan started to worry. s e n t e n c e s. y o r o e n
they didn’t want to play outside t h e i r o n u n c i a ti o n s . e e o r
they decided to live s c r i p t. y a i n o r o e n e p e a t.
Life changed a lot
Blair and Morgan stopped banking online 8 A A ll o w o e a d o u g h a p p e d e n c e s
the family listened to cassettes and watched videos a n d y v e r y t h i n g .t s e
the children played Super Mario Bros. s e n t e n c e s e a ti v e e r b s
And they loved it. si m p l e .
he didn’t use a computer
their friends and family used the internet Answers
the boys didn’t play with their phones 1 cooked / didn't cook 2 posted / didn't post
they played with their toys
3 listened / didn't listen 4 moved / didn't move
Blair and Morgan chatted
watched 80s TV programmes 5 studied / didn't study 6 lived / didn't live

Grammar B A s k o o e a d e r.t s
w ork o e e n c ese
R e a d x e g ula re r b s i n f o r m a t i o n . o e ll
i n e s si o n s. t h e i r.
th ate g ula re r b s -ed o o r m
a n d o r m o r oint Go to Communication practice
t h a t e r b s e e e s, D i v i d e o t u d e n tt u d e n tt u d e n t
a er travelled, chatted. o i n t A’o e t u d e n t
w it h e g u l a r e r b s , e o r m a ti v e didn’t g o o e o e ore a c h er
+ e: didn’t want. e a d o u g h n o t e s ., e r c i s e
e x p r e s si o n s o i n t le ss o n
p o s iti o n ago e r a week ago "#T ago a 9 A R e a d o u g h e e
week. u e s t i o n s o th e y v er ythin g,
Concept check questions: e x p r e s s i o n s .t s e e r s.
We listened to music – present simple or past simple?
( p a st Regular or irregular verb? e g u l a r ) . How BAsko oead
do we form the past simple for regular verbs?  e th ate How about you? o u e s t i o n
-ed) . Does the form change for I, you, he, etc?   How b a c k o ts v e o u n d y o
do we form the negative?   didn’t       e ) . fi n d e r s o i n t
They didn’t waited for me – correct?    y didn’t t h a t y o e ll
wait o r We finished ago two weeks – correct?    c l a s s m a t e s , y e n e f u ll y o y
two weeks ago) . s a y.
10 A s k o e ll
Go to Grammar practice:    e g ula re r b s c l a s s m a t e s.
p a s t e s si o n s, e e
S t s e e e f e r e n c e , e s e n t a ti o n
p r a c ti c e o r e g u l a r e r b s PERSONALT
e x p r e s si o n s e . e r c is e s S t s. y e n
t h e m o r w o r k , o r e e r c is e y e a rs e e
le ss o n in o r o c a b ula r y e g ula r
R e min d o o o r p a s t o r m s y .t s e e n c e s
g r a m m a r e g ula re r b s p a ir s.
p a s t e s si o n s. W i t h e a k e r e o ll o w i n g o m p t s
b o ard:
6 A 81 3 P l a y e e
Yesterday I ...
f o rts e n e e e r e n t
w a y s o n o u n ci n g -ed    $y
Last week I ...
a g a i n o r o e n e p e a t. Last year I ...
B 81 4 P l a y e r e r b In 2015 I ...
foro o e e or S ts e e n c e s w n o r
a u d i o t s e n o e r s e p e a t. h e l p o c a b u l a r y e g u l a r o r m s y.
T h e y e e n c es

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87 SKILLS WRITING planning and making notes ■ sequencers

8D What happened to you?

1 Think of something interesting that happened to you last week, last month or last year.
Tell your partner.

2 Read Tony’s story. Did he get the job?

My nightmare job station. Then it started to rain, so I stopped to buy an

umbrella, and I missed my train!

interview I felt quite stressed, but there was another train in

twenty minutes. I phoned the company and they
changed the interview to 10.30 a.m. I felt a bit more

L
ast week, I had a job interview. The interview relaxed. Later, I arrived in London and I checked my
was on Friday at 9.30 a.m. in London. On phone to see where the company was. But my phone
Thursday evening, I prepared a presentation on didn’t have any battery! I was very late when I arrived
my laptop, checked the train times and the address at their offices.
of the company. Before the interview I felt confident. I
After I got to the interview room, I opened my bag
went to bed early because I wanted to sleep well.
to take out my laptop, but it wasn’t there! I felt
On Friday morning, the problems started. First, I really stressed and I had a terrible interview. I wasn't
didn’t hear my alarm and I woke up late. I didn’t have surprised when I didn’t get the job!
time to have a shower or have breakfast. I ran to the by Tony Smart

3 Read the story again. Order events a–h from 1–8.

a The interview started. e His phone didn’t have any battery.
b Tony checked the address. f It started to rain.
c They changed the interview time. g He went to the station.
d He checked the train times. h He saw that he didn’t have his computer.

Skill planning and making notes

Before you write a story about yourself, ask yourself the following questions and make notes:
1 When did it happen?
2 Where were you at the start?
3 What were the main events?
4 How did you feel at different times?
5 What happened in the end?

4 Read the Skill box. Imagine you are Tony and answer the questions in the Skill box.

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SKILLS 8D
8D What happened to you?
Sts read a story about a disastrous interview. They then write a story about a good, bad or strange experience that they
had in the past.

Writing Skill Text builder

A story about an experience Planning and making notes Sequencers

WA R M E R
P l a y a m e o e v is e o r m s. o e a m s
a n d o y e orms
v erbsv e
have, make, read, go, buy, want, wait, e
o f e g u l a r e g u l a r e r b s. o u y e r b , e a m s
r a c e o e e ct o r m.y et
f o r e c t e r, y e e c t
a n s w e r. e a m

1 G i v e e r e s ti n g
to o u e e k, I bought a new phone. t s o r k
p a i r s o e ll e r e s t i n g
h a p p e n e d o o e ll y
le a r n e d o m.
2 R e a d o u t t h e titl e o f t h e s t o r y a n d p r e - t e a c h nightmare a n d
interview   y . t s e a d o r y e r
q u e s ti o n . e r.

Answer
No, he didn’t get the job.

3 S t u d e n t s e a d o r y a i n d e r v e n t s.
a n s w e r s.

Answers
1 d 2 b 3 g 4 f 5 c 6 e 7 h 8 a

Skill
R e a d x
n o t e s. o r y o e
cle a r d e r v e n ts

4 S t s y e o n y e r u e s ti o n s
a b o u t o r y. e r s.

Answers
1 on Friday morning
2 at home
3 I woke up late, missed the train, changed the interview
time, arrived late and started the interview, realised my
laptop wasn’t in my bag, didn’t get the job.
4 I felt confident the night before. I felt stressed when I
missed my train. I felt more relaxed when I changed my
interview time. I felt very stressed again when I found
my laptop wasn’t in my bag.
5 I had a terrible interview and didn’t get the job.

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planning and making notes ■ sequencers WRITING SKILLS 8D

7D
5 Match the notes with the different questions in the Skill box.

a fell asleep on the bus to the airport, didn’t get off the bus at the airport, missed
the plane, slept at the airport
b last month
c Barcelona, on holiday
d got a flight the next day
e tired (on the bus), stressed and angry (at the airport), very tired but happy
(the next day)

Text builder sequencers

We can connect events with words such as first, then, later, before
and after. We use these to show the time order of the events:
First, I got up late. Then I had a shower. Later, I went for a coffee.
We use before and after + a noun or verb phrase:
Before the interview, …
After I got to the interview room …

6 Read the Text builder. Underline the sequencers in the story on page 72.

7 Choose the correct sequencers to complete the sentences.

1 I always walk my dog in the evening before / after I go to bed.
2 First / Before, I had a coffee. Then I walked to the shops.
3 I felt very tired on the journey home. Later / Before, I fell asleep on the sofa.
4 We bought some food. First / Then we made a nice meal.
5 Are you coming before or after / later dinner?

8 Complete the text with the words in the box.

then first later before after (×2)

I had a terrible day yesterday. 1 , the coffee machine broke – I always have a coffee
2 I leave the house. 3 I couldn’t find my car keys. 4 30 minutes, I found
them in my jacket pocket. 5 , I had an argument with a colleague at work. It was awful, so
I went to speak to my boss. 6 I spoke to her about the situation, I felt a lot better.

9 Write sentences about yesterday. Use the sequencers in exercise 8.

After I arrived at work, I made a large coffee.

10 A PREPARE Think about a good/bad/strange experience you had. Make notes about these things:
• the introduction to the story: When and where were you? Who were you with?
• the events of the story: What happened? What problems did you have? What did you do? How
did you feel? What happened in the end?
B PRACTISE Write a story about your experience.

C PERSONAL BEST Read another student’s story. Check that:

• the introduction is clear.
• the events of the story are clear.
• the verbs are in the correct past simple form.
• the sequencers show the order of events clearly.

Personal Best Choose a well-known film and describe the events. Ask your partner to guess the film. 73

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SKILLS 8D
5 S t s e s u e s ti o n s x 9 S ts e e n c e s y e st e r d a y,
p a g e e r s. u si n g u e n c e r s e r cis e t s e
se nte n c es o e a d e n c es o
Answers th e
a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4
10 S t u d e n t s o ll o w e p s o e o r y
i n t e r e s ti n g y
Text builder
A PREPARE S t s e p a r e it h e a k e r
R e a d e x t x u e n c e r s. y o u orm y
E x plain e u e n c e rs o e w e n t o n g,e d
w h e n v e n ts o r y
o r d e r. e First, Then   Later   B PRACTISE S t s o r y e r c i s e
b e g i n n i n g e n c e , o ll o w e d y o i n t a n d e w n o r y.e f e r o x
o ut before   after e o l l o w e d y o n e e min d o e s o e
v e r b u e s ti o n s o t h e o r y.e f e r o e x t x
a n d e o e u e n c e rs o e
Concept check questions:
it v e n t s d e r. o u
What do sequencers tell us?   v e n t s
c o u l d e o r w o r k o u e f e r.
a n d d e r ). Which sequencer do we use for event
number 1? .i r s t ) . Which do we use for the next event? C PERSONAL BEST S ts o r k y e
( T h e n ) . Which do we use for an event that happens after st o r y
a while? /e r ) . Where in a sentence do we use First, p r o vid e d.e o e e e e d b a c k
Then and Later?   !  0    e r o n e n t o r y, o o ,e
t h e m ) . What comes after ‘before’ and ‘after’?   p e er
orerb After the meal, I went home – correct
or incorrect? e c t ) . After we finished eating, I went
home – correct or incorrect? e c t ) . PERSONAL BEST
S t s o ri e s y
6 S ts o r y e ai n e v e n t s e ll - k n o w n e m i n d o u e n c e r s .
s e q u e n c e r s. e r s. T h e y e a d o y o
g u e ss
Answers
First, Then, Later, Then W e a k e rork y y
k n o w e e e n c es
u si n g u e n c e r s o d e r v e n t s .t s o r k
7 S ts e a d e n c e s e ct u e n c e rs to g eth ero u pso uro e a d e n c eso
t o e e r s. oth er
Answers EXTRA PRACTICE
1 before 2 First 3 Later 4 Then 5 after
W i t h e o ll o w i n g e s a p p e d
se nte n c es d:
3 x PRACTICE SB page 73, exercise 7
arrive feel go have run wake up
1 D o e r cis e o u
a n s w e r s, e a d e n c e
turn Which is correct? Why? What does the 1 Last week, I ___ a job interview.
sequencer tell us? 2 I ___ confident.
2 A s k o v e r e r cis e . e a d 3 I ___ to bed early.
e v e n t s o m e n c e s, walk my dog, go to bed. 4 I didn’t hear my alarm and I ___ late.
S ts o r k y o e e n c e s o m
m e m o r y. y e r cis e a i n o 5 I ___ to the station.
3 S t s o r k e w r it e e n c e 6 Later, I ___ in London.
d if f e r e n t u e n c e r, First, I walk my dog. Then, I S ts o r k e e n c e s e ct
go to bed. o e a d e n c e s o p a s t e r b o r m s o m y .t s
th e Is the meaning the same as the a n s w e r s e x t. e r s Which verb is
original sentence? regular?  e ) e m i n d y o e g u l a r
p a s t o r m s.
8 S ts e a d e x t e e ct
s e q u e n c e r s. e r s. Answers
1 had 2 felt 3 went 4 woke up 5 ran 6 arrived
Answers
1 First 2 before 3 Then 4 After 5 Later 6 After

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