### Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Overview
- **Purpose**: EDA helps to clean and review data, derive insights, descriptive
statistics, and correlations, generate hypotheses, and guide the next steps (e.g.,
model prep or discarding unusable data).
- **Data Import & Overview**:
- Import data with `pd.read_csv()` and view with `.head()`.
- Check column info (e.g., missing values, data types) using `.info()`.
### Key Methods for Initial Exploration
1. **Count Categories**: Use `.value_counts()` for categorical columns.
2. **Summary Statistics**: `.describe()` for count, mean, std deviation, min, max,
and quartiles of numerical columns.
3. **Histograms**:
- Use Seaborn (`sns.histplot()`) to visualize distributions.
- Adjust bin width with `binwidth` for better insights.
### Exercise: Initial Exploration of Unemployment Data
- Use:
```python
print(unemployment.head())
print(unemployment.info())
print(unemployment.describe())
```
- Key Insights: Data contains 182 countries with `country_code`, `country_name`,
`continent`, and unemployment rates (2010-2021).
### Validating Data Types
- **Detect Data Type Issues**:
- Use `.dtypes` to list column data types.
- Convert types as needed, e.g., `unemployment["2019"] =
unemployment["2019"].astype(float)`.
- **Filter & Validate**:
- Use `.isin()` to filter data, e.g., exclude "Oceania" using Boolean indexing.
### Data Range Validation
- **Boxplots for Range**: Create boxplots to see distributions, min/max, and
quartiles, e.g., `sns.boxplot(data=unemployment, x='2021', y='continent')`.
### Aggregation & Grouping with `.groupby()` and `.agg()`
- **Grouped Summary**:
- Calculate mean and standard deviation across categories using `.groupby()` and
`.agg()`.
- Named aggregations for clarity:
```python
continent_summary = unemployment.groupby("continent").agg(
mean_rate_2021=('2021', 'mean'),
std_rate_2021=('2021', 'std')
)
```
### Visualizing Categorical Summaries
- **Bar Plots with Confidence Intervals**:
- Visualize categorical averages and confidence intervals using Seaborn, e.g.,
```python
sns.barplot(data=unemployment, x='continent', y='2021')
```
