FEU ALABANG
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
HOMEWORK # 2:
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
ME0023 - CONTROL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY:
ARGUELLES, IAN JOSHUA A.
JUSTO, JOHANN ALFRED M.
PLENO, JOSEF MAXIMO C.
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JOHN LOUIE GADDI
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INTRODUCTION:
Air conditioner is also referred as ‘Aircons’, are system that uses energy heat transfer from the
interior to the relatively warm environment. It removes heat from the air and cool indoor spaces.
Air conditioner controls the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in an indoor area, typically to
maintain cool atmosphere in warm conditions.
On July 17, 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first modern air conditioning unit that
gave rise to many industries that powers our economy. Air conditioning system was designed not
only to provide cool atmosphere to indoor spaces but also to control humidity, improving both
air quality and comfort.
Nowadays, the air conditioning system is widely used in both domestic and commercial
environments. There are two types of air conditioner: Inverter and Non-inverter AC. The main
difference of both AC lies in their different compressor speed. Inverter AC uses variable speed
compressor, while Non-inverter AC has a fixed speed compressor. Knowing that Variable speed
compressor is more energy efficient than fixed speed compressor. Inverter AC equipped with
inverter-controlled compressor that automatically adjust its speed to match the cooling needs of
the space. Due to population growth and technological inflation, the demand for efficient and
sustainable has increased significantly. It shows how relevant air conditioning systems
emphasizing its effectiveness especially on human comfort and health.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM DIAGRAM
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Generally, an air conditioning system has a condenser coil, evaporator coil, and compressor.
These all are connected in a closed-loop system by pipeline. This pipeline is filled with
compressed refrigerant. When the compressor is in running condition, the refrigerant is flowing
continuously. The main function of the evaporator coil is to extract heat from the indoor air and
transfer it to the refrigerant. Also, it removes water particles from the air and drains them
through the drain line. The main function of the condenser coil is to extract heat from the
refrigerant and leave it to outdoor air. Thus, the heat is removed from the indoor to outdoor air,
and the indoor space will be cooled. The air conditioning system also has cooling fans to
circulate the airflow and air filters to remove dust particles from the air.
HOW DOES IT WORKS?
An air conditioning system is a process that is used to create and maintain optimum and
comfortable indoor environment. People often think that air conditioning system works by
creating and releasing cold air. However, this isn’t true. Air conditioning units work by
removing the warm air in an indoor space and pumping it outside.
Here’s the process:
First, the warm air from the room is drawn into the system.
The air that is drawn into the system flows through the evaporator which cools the air,
and the dehumidifier removes the excess moisture.
The refrigerant flowing through the coils absorbs the heat from the air and eventually
evaporates, turning it into a cool liquid to a warm air.
This warm air is pumped outside, and the refrigerant that flows through the compressor
and condenser, turning it back into a cool liquid.
The cold air is re-circulated back into the room and reducing the temperature and
humidity.
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Inside an air conditioning unit, there are several different components that controls the state,
pressure, and the temperature of the refrigerant, allowing the unit to operate.
For the air conditioning process to work, it needs these three key components:
Evaporator
The warm air is drawn into the system and passed through an expansion valve which regulates
the flow. Then flows through over the cold evaporator coil that absorbs the heat from the air. As
it absorbs the heat from the air, turning it back into a gas and goes through the compressor.
Compressor
The compressor transfers the heat from the refrigerant to the condenser. It acts as a pump,
decreasing the volume of the refrigerant and raising its temperature and pressure and
subsequently increasing its energy efficiency. Compressors also provides cooling by removing
evaporation by taking moisture from the inside air and turning it into water vapor.
Condenser
When the refrigerant starts to flow through the condenser, the fins allow the heat to transfer into
the outside air. It takes the heat (in vapor form) collected inside the room and pumps it outside
where the ambient air absorbs the heat and changes it state from a gas back to its liquid form.
The condenser has a fan that ensures the heated air is cooled off quickly. Once the heat is
removed, the cold refrigerant flows back into the evaporator, enabling these processes to
continue.
METHODOLOGY:
CONTROL SYSTEM:
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