UNIT: 4 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS FOR CWSN

DISABILITY
According to THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, 2016 "Person with disability means a person with long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory
impairment which, in interaction with barriers, hinders his full and effective participation in society equally with others."
According to WHO, "Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or
structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an
individual in involvement in life situations." The international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) lists 9 broad domains functioning which can be
affected due to disability:
• learning and applying knowledge
• general tasks and demands
• communication
• basic physical mobility, domestic life, and self-care (for example, activities of daily Living)
• interpersonal interactions and relationships
• community, social and civic life, including employment
• other major life areas
ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTING DISABILITY SPORTS (SPECIAL OLYMPICS, PARALYMPICS, DEAFLYMPICS)
Special Olympics
Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities and physical disabilities. It provides year-round training and
competitions to 5 million athletes and Unified Sports partners in 172 countries. Special Special Olympics competitions are held every day, all around the world--including
local, national n and regional competitions, adding up to more than 100,000 events a year. The Special Olympics organization is recognized by the IOC; however, unlike the
Paralympic Games, Special Olympics World Games are not held in the same year or in conjunction with the Olympic Games.
History of Special Olympics:
Special Olympics International was started by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, sister of former President of the United States of America, John F Kennedy. The idea was born out of
Shriver's experience of witnessing the social exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities who were routinely placed in custodial institutions. Shriver believed that with
equal opportunities and experiences as everyone else, people with intellectual disabilities could accomplish far more than ever thought possible. She was convinced that
children with intellectual disabilities could be exceptional athletes and that through sports they can realise their potential for growth.
She started Camp Shriver for children with disabilities at her home in Potomac, Maryland, in 1962. The camp became an annual event and promoted the concept of
involvement in physical activity and competition opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities. The Kennedy Foundation (of which Shriver was executive vice
president) gave grants to universities, recreation departments and community centres to hold similar camps, In 1968, the first Special Olympic competition was held in
Chicago's Soldier Field for young people with intellectual disabilities.
The Special Olympics program came to India in 1988 with the formation of Special Olympics India in Mumbar, Maharashtra. The movement had approx 10,000 Athletes
enrolled with it at that time. Special Olympics Bharat was formed and registered in 2001 under the Indian Trust Act 1882. So, Bharat was recognized as a National Sports
Federation on 19 January 2006 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and was upgraded to the Priority Category on 8th April 2006.
EKS DAY:
• Mrs. Shriver died on August 11, 2009. In honour of her life and impact EKS Day is celebrated across all the National programmes of Special Olympics, in the month of
September each year.
• The theme of 'Play Unified to live Unified' is a call to action that stems from her teachings that on the playing field we forget our differences.
• All Special Olympics Bharat state programmes pay tribute to Mrs. Shriver by way of hosting varied
Unified Sport as well as non-Sport events in the month of September, each year.
Aims of Special Olympics :
Special Olympics believes that:
1. Focus on holistic development and training that goes beyond the classrooms into the playing fields, cultural and community centres, to motivate children with
disabilities to join and remain in school.
2. Create role models who will inspire the children and also motivate parents into sending their children to school and to participate in sports and other extra-curricular
activities.
3. Train teachers to sensitise them to the needs of special children, and create a cadre of physical education teachers from among the disabled who can work with schools
and community
centres.
4. Ensure maximum involvement of community for greater public understanding and acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities; most of our activities are run by
local volunteers.
5. Ensure all Special Olympics activities; local, state, national and international reflect the Olympic movement values, standards, ceremonies and events.

Oath of Special Olympics :

The oath of Special Olympic is "Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt."
Mission of Special Olympics :
To provide year-round sports training and athletic competition in a variety of Olympic-type sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, giving them
continuing opportunities to develop physical fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and friendship with their families,
other Special Olympics athletes and the community.
Special Olympics works towards the social acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities, whereby they are respected and given equal chances to become productive
citizens.
Athletes are encouraged to move from the Special Olympics training and competition into school and community programmes where they can compete in regular sports
activities
SPECIAL OLYMPICS BHARAT
Special Olympics Bharat is a National Sports Federation also registered under the Indian Trust Act 1882 in 2001 and is accredited by Special Olympics International to
conduct Special Olympics Programmes in India. It is recognised by the Government of India as a National Sports Federation in the Priority Category, for development of
Sports for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and is a designated Nodal Agency for all disabilities on account of its national presence and experience, especially in rural
areas which account for nearly 75 per cent of the disabled population in India. At national level, they are trained to participate in 24 single and team games by the Sports
Authority of India.
Achievements of Special Olympic Bharat:
• Special Olympics Bharat has organized many competitions on National Level in various disciplines such as; National Badminton Championship, National Volleyball and
Basketball Championship, National games, National Floor Hockey Championships and National Football and Table Tennis Championship.
• 885 Special Olympics Bharat athletes have participated in five World Winter Games and eight World Summer Games between 1987 and 2017 winning a total of 1135
medals; out of which 359 were gold, 353 silver and 423 bronze medals.
• Five National Games held between 2001 and 2011 in different parts of the country saw participation of 23,750 athletes.
• First Regional Asia Pacific Games were held in 2012 which saw participation of 400 Special Olympics
Bharat athletes who brought home 387 medals (111 gold, 136 silver and 140 bronze).
PARALYMPIC MOVEMENT

The word "Paralympic" derives from the Greek preposition "para" (beside or alongside) and the word "Olympic". Its meaning is that Paralympics are the parallel Games to
the Olympics and illustrates how the two movements exist side-by-side.
The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is the global governing body of the Paralympic Movement. Its purpose is to organise the summer and winter Paralympic
Games and act as the International Federation for ten sports, supervising and coordinating World Championships and other competitions. The vision of the IC, run by 200
members, is 'To enable Para athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world.'
The Paralympic Games : The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event, involving athletes with a range of physical disabilities, including impaired muscle
power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual
impairment.
Opening Ceremony: As mandated by the Paralympic Charter, various elements frame the opening ceremony of the Paralympic Games. Most of these rituals were
established at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. The ceremony typically starts with the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem.
Unlike the Olympic Games, immediately after the national anthem the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. Since the 1988 Summer Paralympics, the
nations enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's chosen language, though with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. Since the 1988
Summer Paralympics, the host nation presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theatre representative of its culture.
Speeches are given, formally opening the games. Finally, the Paralympic torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final torch carrier-often a
Paralympic athlete from the host nation-who lights the Paralympic flame in the stadium's cauldron.
Closing Ceremony: The closing ceremony of the Paralympic Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country
enter, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. The Paralympic flag is taken down. Since the 1988 Winter Paralympics, with some
exceptions, the national flag of the country hosting the next Summer or Winter Paralympic Games is hoisted while the corresponding national anthem is played. The
games are officially closed, and the Paralympic flame is extinguished. After these compulsory elements, the next host nation briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of
dance and theater representative of its culture.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE
1. To promote and contribute to the development of sport opportunities and competitions, from the start to elite level.
2. To develop opportunities for athletes with a severe disability in sport at all levels and in all structures.
3. To promote the self-governance of each Paralympic sport federation as an integral part of the national sport movement, whilst at all times safeguarding and preserving
its own identity.
4. To ensure the spirit of fair play prevails, the health risk of the athletes is managed and fundamental ethical principles are upheld.
DEAFLYMPICS

The Deaflvmpics are an International Olympic Committee-sanctioned event at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level.
The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) is the main governing body responsible for the organization of Deaflympics and other World Deaf
Championships. Founded in 1924 and known as the CISS (Comite International des Sports des Sourds), the ICSD is now approaching the century mark of being the
organization behind the building, evolving and fortifying the tradition of inviting deaf/hard of hearing elite athletes from all of the world to come together not only to
compete in their respective sports, but to also develop comradeships between their countries. In 1955, the CISS was admitted into the International Olympic Committee,
the IOC, as an International Federation with Olympic standing.
The flag of the IOC has flown next to the flag representing CISS/ICSD at the Summer/Winter Deaflympics since 1985. Athletic participation in the Deaflympics has
continually grown over the years.
The All India Sports Council of the Deaf, New Delhi which is the National Apex Body for Deaf Sports is one of the 55 Sports Associations, recognized by the Department of
Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, meaning to promote Sports in the Country. This All India Sports Council of the Deaf alone out of the 55 National Sports
Federation Associations conducts under a single canopy Championships in all the Disciplines at National and International Levels. The Deaflympics Games are the Biggest
International Event, with players and spectators from all over the World. The games were originally known as "International Silent Games" before they became the "World
Games for the Deaf." The most recent name, the "Deaflympics," was formally adopted in 2001.
The Deaflympics were given the same status as the Paralympics Games and Olympic Games. This means that Deaflympic Games have the same status for DEAF sports as
the Olympics for "the Hearing" and the Paralympics for the Disabled.
To cherish the value the spirit of Deaflympics where Deaf athletes strive to reach the pinnacle of competition by embracing the motto of PER LUDOS AEQUALITAS (Equality
through sports) and adhering to the ideals of Olympics.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF DEAFLYMPICS ARE
1. To supervise the organization of successful Summer and Winter Deaflympics.
2. To promote and contribute to the development of sport opportunities and competitions, from grass-root to elite level, for Deaf athletes.
3. To support and encourage educational, cultural, research and scientific activities that contribute to the development and promotion of the Deaflympics.
4. To fully enforce a drug-free sport environment for all Deaf athletes in conjunction with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
5. To promote sports for Deaf athletes without discrimination for political, religious, economic, disability, gender or race reasons.

ADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

The advantages of physical activities for children with special needs are explained as follows :
1. Physical Benefits: Children with special needs often have difficulty with motor skills such as jump-ing, running etc. Physical activities help these children to improve their
motor skills and physical fitness. By being physically active, children experience better balance, motor skills and body aware-ness. These help in improving muscle strength,
coordination and flexibility. These also improve exercise endurance, cardiovascular efficiency and possibly increased life expectancy.
2. Mental benefits: Physical activities are beneficial for both the child's body as well as their mind.
These help to improve mood and general wellness of the child. These also help to increase social awareness and self confidence in children with special needs. Thus,
physical activities contribute to the mental well-being of the child.
3. Emotional Benefits: CWSN often tend to have more emotional problems like depression. Participating in regular exercise can decrease rates of depression. Physical
activities help to improve the psychological and emotional wellbeing of the child with special needs.
4. Improvement in social skills : Physical activities provide an opportunity for more social interac-tion. The child does not feel isolated. It has been observed that children
with special needs show improvement in behaviour, academics, self-confidence and building friendships when they take part in physical activities.
5. Improvement in quality of life: By playing games and doing physical activities, children get to experience a sense of accomplishment and possibly the taste of winning or
personal satisfaction.
Thus, physical activities help in improving the quality of life of children with special needs.
6. Mode of Recreation and Fun : CWSN frequently miss out on social activities, recreation and fun. Participation in extracurricular and sports activities can help them
overcome this obstacle, providing them with the ability to engage in social interactions, make friends and initiate social skills.
7. Decrease risk of health complications: Physical activities decrease the risk of secondary health complications such as obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes.

STRATEGIES TO MAKE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ACCESSIBLE FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Children with special needs such as those with speech, language or hearing impairment, autism, blindness, other health impairments etc. should also be involved in
physical activities so as to enhance their motor skills. It is very important to make physical activities accessible to these children. The following strategies can prove to be
helpful in doing so.
1. Adaptive Physical Education: Physical disabilities should not exclude students from participating in gym activities. Depending on a student's disability, adaptations can
be done to suit the needs of the child.
2. Clear Communication : Children with special needs should be given advance information about activity, space, resource person or any change in activity. Instructions
must be provided in simple words and sentences. Different instructional strategies such as verbal, visual and peer teaching should be used to clearly communicate
information to children. If necessary, a communication board or communication book could be used.
3. Disturbance free and Modified Space: For CWSN, the area for the physical activity should be limited. Space for activities should be disturbance free. It is always better
to start with indoor space. Boundaries should be demarcated clearly as starting point, finishing point, sitting area.
Once children have clear understanding of instructions about the activity then they can be allowed to play in outdoor space also.
4. Modify Rules as per needs of Children: The rules of physical activities should be modified according to abilities of the children with special needs. Gradual progression
from an easy set to rules to a relatively difficult one can be done over time. Modifications such as extra chances, extra time to do an activity should be done as and when
required. These help to encourage children to be involved in physical activities.
5. Involve people with disabilities in decision making : It should also be ensured that people with disabilities are involved at all stages of planning and implementing
community physical education programs.
6. Encourage Community Based Programs: Community based programs should be provided to meet the needs of children. It should be ensured that the environment and
facilities conducive to being physically active are available and accessible to children with special needs such as offering safe, accessible and attractive trails for bicycling,
walking and wheelchair activities.
7. Provide Training and Employment Opportunities: People with disabilities should be recruited for training and employment in field of leisure and sports. These people
can further be involved in training more people to make physical activities accessible to as many children with special needs as possible.
8. Use Different types of Instructional Strategies : The use of different mediums of instruction leads to a better compliance and understanding in children. Various types of
instructional strategies include; Pictorial books to explain the rules of the game, Visual teaching, Verbal instructions, teaching amongst their peers etc. This helps to make
the child more independent in learning about the physical activity.